selection of best

refrigerant for domestic

refrigerator
Roll no
15BME024
15BME049
15BME010
15BME031
 Objective :
selection of best refrigerant for domestic refregerent

 Methodology:
First we will see advantages and disadvantages of different refrigerants.
Then we will compare them according to following criteria
1) cop
2) Environment aspects
3) coast
 Types of domestic refrigerants:-
Pure ammonia gas is highly toxic to people and would pose a threat if the
refrigerator were to leak, so all home refrigerators don't use pure ammonia.
Refrigerants know as CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), were originally developed by Du
Pont and sold under the trade name FREON, in the 1930s as a non-toxic
replacement for ammonia.
CFC-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) has about the same boiling point as ammonia.
However, CFC-12 is not toxic to humans, so it is safe to use in your kitchen.
Many large industrial refrigerators still use ammonia
 Advantages and disadvantages of different refrigerants:-
 Ammonia
 Advantages
Ammonia offers three distinct advantages over other commonly used industrial
refrigerants.
First, ammonia is naturally occurring and therefore environmentally compatible.
Second, ammonia has superior thermodynamic qualities, as a result ammonia
refrigeration systems use smaller pipe sizes and require less heat transfer area.
and hence use less electricity – ammonia is approximately 15-20% more efficient
than its HCFC counterparts.
 Disadvantages
The major disadvantage of ammonia as a refrigerant is its toxicity. Due to
ammonia’s hygroscopic nature, it migrates to moist areas of the body, including
the eyes, nose, throat and moist skin and may cause severe burn injuries. Skin
and respiratory-related diseases are aggravated by exposure and even possible
fatality at higher concentrations
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
 Advantages:
R22 is highly stable chlorofluorocarbon and it does not disintegrate even under
the extreme operating conditions. However, if it is brought in contact with the
flame of fire or the electrical heating element, it disintegrates into the toxic
products. Thus whenever there is leakage of R22 doors open so that it can escape
to the open atmosphere
 Disadvantages:
These are refrigerants that contain Chlorine, Fluorine and Carbon. They were
developed in the 1930's and were used in a variety of industrial, commercial,
household and automotive applications. They were ideal for commercial,
household, and automotive use due to the fact that they are non-toxic, non-
flammable, and non-reactive with other chemical compounds. In 1973 however,
it was discovered that the Chlorine atom in the CFC's unfortunately is a catalyst
for ozone depletion. Basically the Cl atom rips away the extra oxygen atom in
the ozone compound. Since 1987 their use has been prohibited by the Montreal
Protocol.
Hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)

 Advantages:
Replacement of the chlorine atoms with hydrogen atoms means that less chlorine
atoms are released to the stratosphere --> ODP decreased
Extra hydrogen (H) dissipates almost all the chlorine in the troposphere before
the chlorine can reach the ozone layer (the extra hydrogen makes them have a
lower stability than CFCs) --lower ODP than CFCs (only 2% - 10% of CFCs’)
 Disadvantages:
Still contains chlorine that can attack the ozone layer.
Can contribute to global warming (it’s a greenhouse gas).
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC's).

 Advantages:
Do not contain chlorine --> no ozone depletion potential
Extra hydrogen (H) makes them have a lower stability than CFCs
Lower atmospheric lifetimes (2 - 25 years) than CFCs (100 years or mor
 Disadvantages:
Can contribute to global warming (it’s a greenhouse gas).
More expensive to produce than CFCs.
Hydrocarbons (HC)

 Advantages:
Hydrocarbons have excellent thermodynamic properties, and in this respect they are as good as
or better than HCF or HCFC refrigerants in most applications.

Hydrocarbons belong to the group of natural refrigerants and have zero ODP and negligible GWP.
As a rule, hydrocarbons are by-products from the petrochemical industry.
 Disadvantages:
Hydrocarbons are highly flammable and must be handled with care. If they are used responsibly,
hydrocarbons can be employed in a variety of refrigeration and air conditioning applications. In
order to ensure safety, hydrocarbon applications are governed by various international, regional
and national standards and regulation. Hydrocarbons can only pose an explosion risk if the
concentration is between the lower and upper flammability limits. Safety standards are
developing rapidly in these years and is this is necessary to exploit the full potential of these
refrigerants.
About the system we have considered to
evaluate cop by changing different
refrigerent
EES code
Best refrigerants according to different
aspects
 1) According to cop
 From EES cod ewe had found cop of refrigerants when evaporator
temperature is -10 degree and condenser temperature is 48 degree which is
average condition for domestic refrigerants

 Here we can see that according to cop R600 has best possible cop where R290
Has a least cop
2)according to environment conditions

 Most of refrigerants affect environment in two ways. First in global warming

and other in ozone deployment. Hera are the effects of using different
refrigerants.
 Here graph shows comparison between refrigerants.
 2)according to environment
conditions(contd.)

Figure shows that only HCFC-R22 affects ozone layer. So it is good if we can use other
refrigerants
Conclusion:
 R600a and R290 give better coefficient of Performance with low power
consumption, R32 Consumes high power with compare to other refrigerants
because Hydrocarbons refrigerants have zero ODP and very small GWP. As they
have Potential of better performance, they are being used in many countries
now days. The only limitation with Hydrocarbon refrigerants is they are
flammable; hence the safety issues must be addressed in terms of
Manufacturing, handling, storage and servicing. So The best possible
refrigerant according to our analysis for domestic refrigeration is R600

 Result

 So we can use R600A for domestic refrigerant as it is best in all criteria cop,
coast and according to environment aspect