Present Perfect

Makes factual statement. Ex: Five and five is ten

Present Continuous
Expresses a single activity of a series of activities happening at the moment of speaking. Ex : my father is reading a newspaper in the verandah Expresses a single activity or a series activities happening over a given period of time, not necessarily at the moment of speaking. Ex : I am reading a good book now; Ill lend it to you when I finish reading it Expresses future time. Ex : I am flying to Hongkong this Wednesday

Present Perfect
Expresses an action or an emotion that started in the past and has continued into the present. Ex : I have joined the writing club for three years and since then I have progressed a lot When used with the words just and already the present perfect expresses an action that started in the past but finished recently or very close to the moment of speaking. Ex: Jay has already mailed the letter Indicates an action that happened at an indefinite time in the past. The precise time of the action is not given. Ex : Our government has implemented better policies for our education.

Present Perfect Continuous

Expresses the continuous nature of an activity that started in the past and is still going on at the moment of speaking

Expresses customs and habitual activity Ex : We go jogging every morning

Expresses an action that is uninterrupted Ex : The meeting has been running for three hours

Expresses future time when used with a future time word of phrase; it usually deals with schedule or timetables. Ex : The TEFLIN conference begins tomorrow. Expresses non actions such as; opinion,sense perception, emotions, and possession. Ex : I believe John will buy that house.

Both the present perfect and the present perfect continuous can be used to express a single action. Ex : Susilo has been living in Semarang for ten years

Thursday Weather
Well, for those of you planning to go out today, id ont have to tell you it was clear, but foggy for most of the ambarawa regency, with the high temperatures in the low to mid 22s Celsius. The city of semarang had the high for the day of 32 degrees Celsius. And thats hot. Im glad Im working indoors today. For those of you planning outdoors activities tomorrow, you can expect fair skies for most Thursday temperatures in the high 22s Celsius.however, things might change by Thursday evening with rain front moving in. We can expect light scattered shower of the regency bringing slightly cooler temperatures in the 20s, but these clouds should move out by mid afternoon. Skies should be clear Saturday night for those wanting to have family outings. And thats all for todays weather.

On The Hop
The first kangaroos in Australia lived in rainforest, ate only insects and were about the size of large rats. They developed from a type of possum that came down from the trees to search for food on the forest floor. Today the 500g musky rat-kangaroos-our smallest kangaroos- still has things in common with the ancient possum There are many types of small kangaroos in Australia, even though have only seen and heard of the big ones. A lot of smaller kangaroo species, such as the burrowing and brush tailed bettongs, are in danger of extinction because sheep, cattle their food and the tall grasses the use to shelter from predators like foxes and feral cats. Some of the larger kangaroos, such as the 90 kg big red, have been helped by farming the dams and bores part of the country, and they love the nice short grass that grazing cattle leave behind. These kangaroos are in no danger of extinction. The kangaroo hop is a very unusual way for a large animal to move. If you tried hopping up the street in the same way, youd get very tired. There are a couple of reason why kangaroos dont get tired.they have powerful hind legs that can store a lot of energy, and when pumping air in and out of theirs lungs and saving their muscles a lot of work. Kangaroos are marsupials, which men they rear their young in pouch- like koala sand wombats. In good condition the females of some kangaroos ( for examples, the red) are almost away pregnant. A day or two after a joey is born, she mates again. She can produce different teats for the older and younger joeys. And when theres a bad drought these kangaroos stop breeding until the rains come and the food supply improves.

Singular

Plural

Simple Present I am You are He, she, it is We, you, they, are

Simple Past I was You were He, she, it was We, you, they were

Present Perfect I have been You have been He, she, it has been We, you, they, have been

Simple Present
Singular I have You have She.he, it has We, you, they have a novel

Present Perfect
I have You have She, he, it has We,you, they have eaten the food

Plural

The Simple Past

a.

b. c.

Marry and her husband walked downtown yesterday I slept for eight hours last night That night there was a fierce storm and the tamarind tree was blown

The simple past is used to talk about an activity or situation that began and ended at a particular time in the past (yesterday, last night, two days ago, that night, in 1999) as in a, b, c

The Past Progressive

d.

e.

f. g.

down I sat down at the dinner table at 6:oo pm yesterday. Tom came to my eating dinner when tom came I went to bed at 10:00 last night. The phone rang at 11:00.. I was sleeping when the phone rang When the phone rang. I was sleeping. The phone rang while I was sleeping

The past progressive expresses an activity that was in progress. At a poin of time in the past or at the time of another action. In eating was in progress at 6:10, eating was in progress when tom came Form: was/were + ing When=at that time While= during that time If and g have the same meaning

Adjective Clause
Who Whom Which Whose Where When

The use
Is the subject of the adjective clause Is the object of the adjective clause Can be the subject or object of the adjective clause Is used to show possession. Is used to modify a place Is used to modify time

Examples
I met a women who can speak six languages. The man whom I saw was mr. Jones - Where is the picture which was hanging on the wall? I know the man whose bicycle was stolen The building where they live is very old. Ill never forget the day when I met you