Funaria
Identification
Division: Bryophyta
1. True roots absent and instead are present the rhizoids
2. No true vascular strand
Class: Bryopsia
1. Rhizoids multicellular with oblique septa
2. Gametophyte erect ad leafy
Sub-Class: Bryidae
1. Leaves with distinct midrib
2. Seta long
3. Spore sac usually separated from th capsule wall by air space
Order: Funariales
1. Leaves ovate or spatulate
2. Peristome usually double
3. Calyptra usually distended
Family: Funariacae
1. Calyptra has a long beak
2. Capsules pyriform and somewhat dropping
Genus: Funaria
1. Leaves arranged spirally 3/8 phyllotaxy
2. Stem distinguished into epidermis, cortex and conducting strand
3. Leaves crowded at the apex to form head
Objective
Funaria
• Morphology
• whole mounts of leaf, rhizoids,
operculum, peristome, annulus,spores
(temporary slides)
• Permanent slides showing antheridial
and archegonial heads, longitudinal
section of capsule and protonema.
• It is also called “Cord moss”
because of its seta get dried and
twisted.
• Its name derived from the “funis”
meaning a rope
External morphology Gametophyte Gametophyte
with sporophyte
Gametophyte
with male and
female branch
Protonema and
young
gametophyte
Funaria- Morphology
Funaria T.S. of Leaf
Funaria T.S. of stem
Funaria leaf
Funaria Rhizoids
Light micrograph of Funaria
hygrometrica with Anthredia
and archegonia and
paraphyses dissected out.
L.S. of Funaria hygrometrica.
Capsule
Columela, Operculum, peristome, annulus and spores
Video to show to the students
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i
hj3UfSxRqA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJO_udtxQlk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBuy9NLpKAk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ev5WNXhY9yA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMDEKyuEGtw
https://www.slideshare.net/DarshiThamaliParanagama/structural-variations-in-reprod
uctive-structures-of-division-bryophyta
Video to show to the students
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihj3UfSxRqA
Identification
Division: Pteridophyta
1. Plant body fifferentiated into stem, leaf and root.
2. A define vascular strand present.
Class: Lycopsida
1. Leaves microphyllous
2. Sporongia borne singly on the sporophylls
3. Sporophylls born on dtrobili
Order: Silaginellales
1. Each foliage leaf with ligule at the base.
2. Sporophyte heterosporous
Family: Silaginellaceae
1. Stem herbaceous, dorsiventral or erect
2. Gametophyte extremely reduced
Genus: Selaginella
1. Roots arise from rhizophore.
2. Trabeculae present
3. Stele generally protostele, sometime siphonostele
Work to be done
Selaginella- Morphology, whole mount of
leaf with ligule(temporary mount),
transverse section of stem(permanent
slide),whole mount of strobilus, whole
mount of microsporophyll and
megasporophyll (temporary slides),
longitudinal section of strobilus
(permanent slide).
Strobilus Selaginella Under Microscope
Selaginella Strobilus Under Microscopic
Selaginella sp. moss strobilus, light micrograph. The strobilus is the spore-bearing structure,
with both male and female spores being produced. The male spores are contained within
the sac at lower right. The much larger female spores are in the sac at lower left.
T.S. of Selaginella stem
T.S. of Selaginella stem
1. Selaginella morphology. ( A ) The diploid sporophyte body. Bar, 10 mm. ( B ) A shoot
with two ranks of microphylls ( “ leaves ” ) and strobili. Each microphyll of a strobilus
has either a mega- or a microsporangium where mega- or microspores are produced.
Bar, 2 mm. ( C ) An orange microspore on top of a dark megaspore. These single-celled
haploid spores represent the beginning of the independent haploid gametophyte
generation. The microgametophye produces motile sperm and the megagametophyte
eggs
Selaginella sp - leaf base
with ligule
Species of Selaginella
and a few other genera
consistently have a small
structure called the
ligule at the base of each
leaf. It's function is not
well understood, but it is
well connected to the
vascular system
Selaginella
https://www.slideshare.net/SyedaFari2/selaginella
