DESIGN THINKING IMPORTANT

QUESTIONS
1Q)De ne integrative engineering design solutions.
Ans:- Integrative engineering design solutions mean nding ways to solve problems by bringing
di erent ideas and skills together. It is like a team where everyone shares their knowledge to
create something that works well. Engineers think about many things, like how to make something
safe, easy to use, and good for the environment. They also make sure it doesn’t cost too much.
By working together and combining ideas, they create smart solutions that help people. This way,
the result is better than if only one person worked alone. It is teamwork with creativity to make
great designs that solve problems.

2Q)Explain why working in diverse teams can be challenging.

Ans:-Working in diverse teams can be hard because people are di erent. They may have di erent
ways of thinking, speaking, or working. Sometimes, they do not agree on ideas or how to do
tasks. People might also have di erent cultures, which can lead to misunderstandings. Some
team members may not feel included if they are too di erent from others. It can also take more
time to understand each other and work together smoothly. However, even though it is
challenging, working in diverse teams can help everyone learn new things and nd better
solutions to problems if they work together patiently.

3Q)Demonstrate how you would use design thinking principles to brainstorm for a
prototype.
Ans:-To brainstorm for a prototype using design thinking, start by understanding the problem.
Talk to people and learn about their needs. Next, think of many ideas. Don't worry if they seem
silly—be creative! Then, pick the best idea and sketch or build a simple version of it. This is called
a prototype. Share the prototype with others and ask for feedback. Listen carefully to what they
say and make changes to improve it. Repeat this process as needed. Design thinking helps you
focus on people, try new things, and learn from feedback to create better solutions.

4Q)Compare low- delity and high- delity prototyping in terms of bene ts and limitations.
Ans:-Low- delity prototyping is simple and fast. It uses paper or simple tools. It is cheap and
easy to change but does not show much detail. High- delity prototyping looks real and uses
advanced tools. It shows how the nal product will look and work. It is good for testing but takes
more time and money. Low- delity is best for early ideas and quick feedback. High- delity is
better for detailed testing and showing the nal design. Both are useful at di erent stages. Start
with low- delity to save time, then use high- delity to check the details and make the design
better.

5Q)Propose a strategy to manage con icts in a diverse engineering team.

Ans:-To manage con icts in a diverse engineering team, listen to everyone’s ideas calmly.
Respect all opinions and cultures. Focus on common goals, like nishing the project. Encourage
open and friendly communication. If the con ict is big, ask a leader or neutral person to help.
Work together to nd a solution that makes everyone happy. Be fair and kind to all team
members. Solving con icts peacefully helps the team work better and succeed together.

6Q)Assess the importance of validated learning in the design process.

Ans:-Validated learning is important in the design process because it helps make sure the design
works. It means testing ideas with real users to see if they like or understand them. By getting
feedback, designers can x problems early and improve the design. This saves time and money
by avoiding mistakes later. Validated learning also helps designers be more con dent in their
choices, making the nal product better for users. It makes the design process smarter and more
e ective.
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7Q)Apply modularization principles to break down a given problem into manageable
sections.
Ans:-To apply modularization, rst divide the problem into smaller parts or tasks. Each part
should do one job well. This makes it easier to understand and work on. Next, make sure each
part can be worked on separately. Once each part is done, put them together to solve the whole
problem. This way, you focus on one small task at a time, which makes the problem easier to
manage. Modularization helps save time and makes the work clearer.

8Q)List three metrics used for validating a prototype.

Ans:-Three metrics used for validating a prototype are:

1.Usability: How easy and e cient the prototype is to use. It checks if users can complete tasks
without confusion.

2.Performance: How well the prototype works in terms of speed and responsiveness.

3.User Satisfaction: How happy and satis ed users are with the prototype. It can be measured
through feedback or surveys.

9Q)Summarize the stages of a capstone project.

Ans:-A capstone project has several stages. First, choose a topic and research it. Then, plan how
to work on it. After that, gather information and start building your project. Next, test your work
and make any needed changes. Finally, write a report to explain what you did and how it works.
At the end, present your project to others. Each stage helps you show your skills and nish the
project successfully.

10Q)Identify the key components that make a prototype successful.

Ans:-A successful prototype has three key components: clear goals, simple design, and
feedback. First, the prototype should show what it’s meant to do. Next, keep the design simple so
it’s easy to understand. Finally, ask people for feedback to see if it works well. The prototype
should help nd problems early so they can be xed. By focusing on these parts, the prototype
becomes useful and helps improve the nal product.

11Q)Illustrate how accessible metrics can be used to improve a prototype’s performance.

Ans:-Accessible metrics help check if a prototype is easy for everyone to use. By tracking things
like how fast users can navigate or if they face any problems, we can make changes. These
improvements make the prototype better for all users, improving performance and user
experience.This helps the prototype work better for everyone, making it more user-friendly and
improving its performance overall.

12Q)Design a plan to integrate feedback from user testing into prototype re nement.
Ans:-To integrate feedback from user testing, rst gather all comments carefully. Look for
common issues. Next, make changes to the prototype based on this feedback. Test the updated
version with users again. Keep improving until the prototype meets user needs. Repeat this
process to make the design better.

13Q)Justify the use of interdisciplinary teams in engineering projects.

Ans:-Interdisciplinary teams bring together people with di erent skills and knowledge. In
engineering projects, this is helpful because each team member can focus on their area of
expertise. For example, one person might know about design, while another knows about
materials or technology. Working together, they can solve problems better and faster. This
teamwork helps create stronger, more creative solutions. Using interdisciplinary teams makes
projects more successful because everyone brings something important to the table. It also helps
in improving the overall quality of the project.
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 14Q)Name two tools that can be used for prototype testing.
Ans:-Two tools that can be used for prototype testing are:

1.InVision – A tool that allows designers to create interactive prototypes and gather feedback from
users.
2.Marvel – A simple tool for building prototypes and testing designs, helping to quickly share
ideas and get user input.

15Q)Describe the role of iteration in the design process.

Ans:-Iteration in design means repeating steps to improve a product. Designers create a version,
test it, and then make changes based on feedback. This process keeps going until the design is
better. Each time, the design gets closer to being perfect. Iteration helps nd and x problems
early. It also allows designers to try new ideas and learn from mistakes. By repeating this process,
the nal product is usually more useful and well-designed.

16Q)Show how modularization helps in collaborative work among di erent disciplines.

Ans:-Modularization breaks a big task into smaller parts, or modules. This helps di erent teams
work together easily because each team can focus on one part. For example, in a project, one
group can design the software, while another focuses on hardware. Teams don't have to worry
about the other parts too much. They can make changes to their module without a ecting others.
This makes work faster and smoother. Modularization helps everyone stay organized and work
together better.

17Q)Break down the di erences between validated learning and traditional testing
methods.
Ans:-Validated learning is a way to test ideas by gathering real feedback from users early in the
process. It helps you learn if your idea works in the real world. You make small changes based on
the feedback and keep improving. Traditional testing, on the other hand, usually happens after
building a product, where you check if it works according to set rules. It often focuses on xing
problems, not improving the idea. Validated learning helps you nd out what people really want,
while traditional testing checks if the product is correct.

18Q)Formulate a new metric that could be used for assessing prototype usability.
Ans:-A simple new metric could be "Time to Task Completion." This measures how long it takes
for a user to nish a task using the prototype. A shorter time means the prototype is easy to use.
You can also track errors or confusion during the task. If users make fewer mistakes and complete
tasks faster, the prototype is more usable. This metric is easy to understand and helps quickly
check if the design is working well for users.

19Q)Critique a design process that lacks interdisciplinary collaboration.

Ans:-A design process without teamwork from di erent experts can cause problems. If only one
type of expert works alone, the design might miss important ideas. For example, a designer might
not know enough about technology, and an engineer might not understand user needs. This can
lead to a product that doesn't work well or isn’t easy to use. Working together with people from
di erent elds helps make the design better, as everyone shares their knowledge and skills to
create a great result.

20Q)Build a basic work ow diagram illustrating the stages of prototyping and testing.
Ans:-
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 21Q) De ne sustainable design.
Ans:-Sustainable design is creating things that are good for the environment. It means making
products, buildings, or systems using materials and methods that don’t harm nature. The goal is
to use less energy, reduce waste, and save resources. This way, the design can last a long time
without hurting the planet. Sustainable design helps keep the Earth clean and healthy for future
generations. It is about being responsible and careful in how we build and use things.

22Q)What is the signi cance of DFE?

Ans:-DFE stands for Design for Environment. It means designing products in a way that is
better for the environment. The goal is to reduce waste, use fewer resources, and make
products that are easier to recycle. DFE helps companies create things that are eco-
friendly and cause less harm to nature. By focusing on DFE, companies can help protect
the planet and reduce pollution. It’s important for creating a cleaner, healthier world for
future generations.

23Q)Explain why energy e ciency is vital in sustainable design.

Ans;-Energy e ciency is important in sustainable design because it helps save energy,
reduce waste, and lower costs. Using less energy means less pollution and fewer
resources are used. This helps protect the environment and makes buildings or products
more a ordable to run. It also makes sure we don’t waste energy for the future, keeping
things cleaner and healthier. Energy-e cient designs use smart ideas to use just the right
amount of energy, helping the planet and saving money in the long run.

24Q)Summarize how Patagonia incorporates sustainability into its product line.

Ans:-Patagonia focuses on sustainability by using eco-friendly materials, like recycled
fabric, in its products. They design items to last longer, reducing waste. The company
also repairs old clothes instead of throwing them away, helping customers keep their gear
for years. Patagonia supports fair wages for workers and cares for the environment in its
business practices. Overall, they try to make products that are good for both people and
the planet, showing their commitment to sustainability in everything they do.

25Q)Demonstrate how a product can be designed to reduce waste.

Ans:- A product can be designed to reduce waste by using fewer materials and making it
durable. For example, using recyclable or biodegradable materials helps the product
break down easily. Designing products that are easy to x or reuse, instead of throwing
them away, also helps. Products can be made smaller or with less packaging to use fewer
resources. In this way, the product causes less waste and is better for the environment.
Reducing waste is good for the planet and helps save resources.

26Q)Use examples to show how modular design bene ts sustainability.

Ans:-Modular design means creating parts that can be reused or replaced easily. For
example, in furniture, a sofa with removable cushions can be xed or updated without
buying a whole new one. In buildings, using standard parts like windows or doors helps
save resources and reduce waste. This way, only the damaged or outdated parts need
replacing, not the entire item. Modular design saves materials, reduces waste, and makes
things last longer, helping the environment.
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 27Q)Compare the sustainability e orts of two major companies in di erent industries.
Ans:-Apple and Starbucks are two big companies working on sustainability. Apple
focuses on using recycled materials in its products and aims to use 100% renewable
energy in its o ces and factories. Starbucks works on reducing waste by using recyclable
cups and helping farmers grow co ee in a more eco-friendly way. Both companies try to
protect the environment, but Apple focuses more on products and energy, while
Starbucks focuses on waste and farming practices. Both are important for a greener
future.

28Q)Identify factors that a ect the recyclability of a product.

Ans:-The recyclability of a product depends on the materials it’s made from. Some
materials, like paper and plastic, are easier to recycle, while others, like mixed plastics,
are harder. The design of the product matters too. If it’s made with many di erent
materials, it’s harder to separate and recycle. Labels and adhesives can also cause
problems. Products that are too small or contaminated with food are harder to recycle as
well. Choosing simple materials helps recycling.

29Q)Assess the e ectiveness of using recycled materials in the manufacturing stage.

Ans:-Using recycled materials in manufacturing is good for the environment. It reduces
waste and saves natural resources. Recycled materials can help lower costs because
they are often cheaper than new materials. However, they may not always be as strong or
high quality as new materials. Sometimes, it’s harder to nd the right recycled materials
for certain products. Overall, using recycled materials is a good choice to protect the
planet, but it can have some challenges in quality and supply.

30Q)Critique the design strategy of Fairphone in terms of user convenience and

sustainability.
Ans:-Fairphone’s design focuses on being easy to repair and eco-friendly. It allows users
to replace parts like the battery and screen. This helps reduce waste. However, it might
not be as convenient as other phones because it can be slower or less stylish. Still, it’s
better for the environment.

31Q)Propose a sustainable design concept for an everyday household item.

Ans:-A sustainable design for a water bottle could be made from recycled plastic. It
should be reusable, so people don’t need to buy new bottles often. The cap could be
made of bamboo, which grows quickly and is eco-friendly. The bottle could be
lightweight, making it easy to carry. It should also be durable, so it lasts longer. This
design helps reduce waste and saves money by encouraging the use of one bottle
instead of many single-use ones.

32Q)Develop a plan for improving the sustainability of a current product on the market.
Ans:-To improve the sustainability of a product, start by using eco-friendly materials that
are recyclable. Reduce waste by making the product smaller or using less packaging.
Make the product last longer by improving its quality, so people don't need to replace it
often. O er a take-back program for old products to recycle them. Use energy-e cient
production methods to save resources. Finally, encourage customers to recycle and reuse
the product, helping the environment. These steps can make the product more
sustainable.
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