IMPORTANT POINTS TO NOTE:
I] COMPRÉHENSION:
i. forme nominale – write with the article (definite or indefinite)
ii. forme verbale – write either the infinitive form of the verb or the conjugated form
as given in the text.
iii. Reframe the answers as per the question and write.
II] EXPRESSION ÉCRITE:
i. Letter – keep the format in mind. (Place and date to be written on the top right
corner. Date to begin with le followed by the date, month in full spelling and the
year. Next line write the opening salutation. Then divide the body of the letter into
three paragraphs – first para will be the opening para, then comes the topic in the
second para followed by the closing para. You can sign off either on the right side or
on the left side.
ii. Complétez le texte and dialogue – Read the entire text/dialogue thoroughly and
then write the answer
III] GRAMMAIRE:
[TEMPS CONVENBALES, SUBJONCTIF, ADJECTIFS ET PRONOMS POSSESSIFS
ET DEMONSTRATIFS – ENTIRE SENTENCE TO BE WRITTEN WITH THE
ANSWERS UNDERLINED]
i. TEMPS CONVENABLES: a. Read each sentence carefully, translate it and
identify the time marker. Then conjugate the verb accordingly.
b. After the preposition ‘après’ the format of the verb is – write the auxiliary in the
infinitive and the past participle of the given verb.
With the auxiliary être, the past participle should accord with the subject in number
and gender. Ex: Après être arrivée chez elle, elle a fait la lessive. (elle is the subject,
so arrivé takes extra e)
With reflexive verbs, the verb is written as follows: RAP – reflexive pronoun +
auxiliary in infinitive +past participle of the verb. Ex: Après s’être reposé un peu, il a
regardé la télé. Ex : Après nous être levés, nous avons pris notre déjeuner.
c. The past participle takes accord in the following cases: noun+que, combien de +
noun, quel/quelle/quels/quelles+noun, lequel/laquelle/lesquels/lesquelles+verb
ii. DISCOURS RAPPORTÉ: a.) Identify the speech and the type of sentence given
and then transform it accordingly.
b) Change the pronoms and the verb conjugations as per the sentence.
c) Go through the list of verbs that take COI
VERBES THAT TAKE COI (USEFUL FOR DISCOURS RAPPORTÉ)
1. Téléphoner
2. Demander
3. Dire
4. Répondre
5. Écrire
6. Permettre
7. Conseiller
8. Apporter
9. Acheter
[Link]
[Link] (to forbid)
[Link] (to promise)
[Link] (to order)
VERBES THAT TAKE COD (USEFUL FOR DISCOURS RAPPORTÉ)
1. Accompagner
2. Aider
3. Amener
4. Emmener
d) While writing in direct speech the format is : Write the reporting verb, put colon
(:)and then put the guillemets (<<….>>). In indirect speech, no punctuation other
than a full stop and no inversion
iii. POSEZ LA QUESTION: Frame question for the underlined part of the answer.
Remember: Quel/Quelle/Quels/Quelles are interrogative adjectives. You will use
them when être is the main verb in the sentence or when there is a noun after
what/which.
Ex: Which film are you watching? – Quel film regardes-tu? [Which + noun]
Ex: What is the colour of the leaves in autumn? - Quelle est la couleur des feuilles
en automne ? [être is the main verb]
Ex : What are you doing now? – Here etre is not the main verb but an helping verb.
The main verb is doing. Hence you will use Que/Qu’est-ce que
iv. RÉPONDEZ AU NÉGATIF:
a. Indefinite/partitif articles change to de/d’. if the verb is être then no change in the
articles.
b. PANN (Personne, Aucun/aucune, ni..ni, nullepart) comes after the past participle
and after the infinitive
c. For questions with Qui/Qui est-ce qui/Qui est-ce que – use personne to answer
d. For questions with Que/Qu’est-ce que – use rien to answer
e. For questions with Où – use nulle part to answer
f. for ni..ni, definite and contracted articles and prepositions will be retained in the
answer. Both the conjunctions (et and ou) will not be written.
v. PRONOMS RELATIFS:
a. Identify the common noun in both the sentences.
b. Check if there is any preposition before the common noun
c. If yes, then use pronoms relatifs composés (préposition +
lequel/laquelle/lesquels/lesquelles)
d. If no, then use pronoms relatifs simples (qui, que, où, dont)
e. Use qui if the common noun is the subject of the sentence
f. Use que if the common noun is the object of the sentence
g. Use où if the common noun refers to a place or time.
h. Use dont if there is a verb+de+noun
vi. PRONOMS PERSONNELS:
a. SUBJECT PRONOUNS – At the beginning of the sentence before the verb
b. COD – No preposition between the verb and the noun.
c. COI – Preposition à/au/à la/à l’/aux + person
d. EN – Preposition de/du/de la/de l’/des+thing , un/une + thing, quantities/numbers
+ thing
e. Y – Any preposition except de + thing
f. PRONOMS TONIQUES – preposition + person, person + subject pronoun,
comparisons after que + person
vii. ADJECTIFS / PRONOMS POSSESSIFS :
a. Do not forget to include the prepositions à and de with pronoms possessifs.
b. Do not forget the circonflex accent on notre and votre as pronoms possessifs
c. Pronoms Possessifs begin with le, la, les
viii. ADJECTIFS / PRONOM DEMONSTRATIFS :
a. Pronoms demonstratifs simples : celui/celle/ceux/celles, comes before a
preposition, pronoms relatifs simples, past participles
b. Pronoms demonstratifs composés : add -ci and -là to the simple ones. Used when
comparing two nouns of the same kind
ix. SUBJONCTIF:
a. Endings are: e, es, e, ions, iez, ent
b. Learn the verbs that have irregular subjonctif conjugation thoroughly
c. Learn the verbs that have double stem in subjonctif
