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1.4 Orthogonal Rake System 1.4 Orthogonal Rake System
The system is also known as ISO – Old. The planes of reference and the co-ordinate axes used for
ASA system has limited advantage and use like convenience expressing the tool angles in ORS are:
of inspection. πR - πC - πO and Xo - Yo - Zo which are taken in respect of the
But ORS is advantageously used for analysis and research in tool configuration as indicated in Fig.
machining and tool performance.
Orthogonal Rake System (ORS) utilizes three mutually
perpendicular planes as reference for measuring various tool
angles.
These three planes are enlisted below:
1. Reference Plane
2. Cutting Plane
3. Orthogonal Plane
The planes of reference and the co-ordinate axes used for
expressing the tool angles in ORS.
1.4 Orthogonal Rake System 1.4 Orthogonal Rake System
πR = Reference plane perpendicular to the cutting velocity vector,
Cv.
Orthogonal Rake System:
This system is designated with 5 Planes, 6
πC = Cutting plane; It is a plane perpendicular to reference plane
Angles and Nose Radius.
(πR) and contains the principal cutting edge of the tool.
1. Reference Plane - πR
πO = Orthogonal plane; It is a plane perpendicular to reference
plane (πR) and also perpendicular to the cutting plane. So all three
2. Cutting Plane - πC
planes are mutually perpendicular (πO is perpendicular to both πR 3. Orthogonal Plane - πO
and πC). 4. Auxiliary Cutting Plane - πC’
Xo = along the line of intersection of πR and πO 5. Auxiliary Orthogonal Plane - πO’
Yo = along the line of intersection of πR and πC
Zo = along the velocity vector, i.e., normal to both Xo and Yo axes
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1.4 Orthogonal Rake System 1.4 Orthogonal Rake System
Orthogonal Rake System: 5 Planes : 1. Reference Plane and 2. Cutting Plane
Cutting plane is
Perpendicular to the
Reference plane
1.4 Orthogonal Rake System 1.4 Orthogonal Rake System
5 Planes : 4. Auxiliary Cutting Plane
5 Planes : 3. Orthogonal plane
Orthogonal plane is
Perpendicular to the
Cutting plane and also
Perpendicular to the
Reference Plane.
Auxiliary cutting plane is which contains auxiliary
cutting edge and Perpendicular to the Reference
plane
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1.4 Orthogonal Rake System 1.4 Orthogonal Rake System
5 Planes: 5. Auxiliary Orthogonal Plane 6 Angles :
Perpendicular to the Auxiliary cutting plane
1.4 Orthogonal Rake System 1.4 Orthogonal Rake System
6 Angles : 6 Angles : 1. Inclination Angle
λ = Inclination angle; It is the angle of inclination of tools
principal cutting edge from the reference plane
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1.4 Orthogonal Rake System 1.4 Orthogonal Rake System
6 Angles : 1. Inclination Angle 6 Angles : 2. Orthogonal Rake Angle
λ = Inclination angle; It is the angle of inclination of tools γo = Orthogonal rake angle It is the inclination of the rake surface
principal cutting edge from the reference plane from Reference plane, πR and measured on the orthogonal plane,
πo
1.4 Orthogonal Rake System 1.4 Orthogonal Rake System
6 Angles : 3. Orthogonal Clearance angle 6 Angles : 3. Orthogonal Clearance angle
αo = Orthogonal clearance angle: It is the angle of orientation of Tool side view Orthogonal Plane view
tool principal flank surface from the cutting plane (πC) and
measured on Orthogonal plane (πo)
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1.4 Orthogonal Rake System 1.4 Orthogonal Rake System
6 Angles : 4. Auxiliary orthogonal Clearance Angle 6 Angles : 4. Auxiliary orthogonal Clearance Angle
Definition:
αo' = Auxiliary orthogonal clearance angle Angle of orientation
of tool auxiliary flank surface from the auxiliary cutting plane (πc’)
and measured on auxiliary orthogonal plane (πo’)
1.4 Orthogonal Rake System 1.4 Orthogonal Rake System
6 Angles : 5. Auxiliary Cutting Edge Angle 6 Angles : 6. Principal Cutting Edge Angle
φ1 = Auxiliary cutting Edge angle: Angle between auxiliary φ = Principal cutting edge angle: Angle between πC and the
cutting plane πC’ and Longitudinal feed direction and measured on direction of assumed longitudinal feed and measured on πR
πR
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1.4 Orthogonal Rake System 1.4 Orthogonal Rake System
6 Angles : 6. Principal Cutting Edge Angle Tool Nomenclature in ORS System
The ORS system comprises seven parameters to describe a tool.
Angle between the cutting The main elements of ORS designated in the following order.
plane and Longitudinal feed
direction
