Preparatory Questions (Set – 1)

1. The Discontinuity which results from the entrapment of gas within the weld cross-section is
known as:
1.
1. Undercut
2. Lack of penetration
3. Lack of fusion
4. Porosity
2. A discontinuity can be called as a defect only when;
1.
1. It is a Linear indication
2. It is a rounded indication
3. It exceeds the code limit
4. if it is a crack
3. Due to the improper termination of the welding arc which discontinuity is likely to be occurred;
1.
1. Undercut
2. Incomplete penetration
3. Overlap
4. Crater crack
4. Dye-Penetrant test is carried out to detect;
1.
1. Surface Discontinuity
2. Surface as well as subsurface discontinuity
3. Both a and b
4. Neither a nor b
5. In SMAW, E7018 belongs to which F group;
1.
1. F 4
2. F 2
3. F 1
4. F 8
6. In SMAW, which one of the following electrodes doesn‟t belong to the F2 group;
1.
1. E 6010
2. E 6012
3. E 6013
4. E6014
7. Who is responsible for the qualification of welding procedures?
1.
1. contractor or manufacturer
2. welding Engineer
3. welding operator
4. Third-party Inspection agency
8. Stray arc strikes are undesirable since they:
1.
1. Leave a poor surface finish
2. Cause weld metal cracking.
3. Reduce corrosion resistance.
4. Cause local hardening and cracking in the parent material.
9. Welded joint in which the weld metal and parent metal have the same mechanical property and
chemical composition is called;
1.
1. Heterogeneous Joint
2. Dissimilar Joint
3. Homogeneous Joint
4. Transition joint Joint
10. Oxy pressure and nozzle size in flame cutting would influence;
1.
1. The temperature required for cut initiation
2. The ability to cut stainless steels
3. The depth of the cut obtained
4. None of the above
11. A code of practice is;
1.
1. A standard for workmanship only
2. A set of rules for manufacturing a specific product
3. Levels of acceptability of a weldment
4. None of the above
12. Movement of the arc in MMA welding by magnetic forces is called;
1.
1. Arc deviation
2. Arc misalignment
3. Arc blow
4. Arc eye
13. A metallurgical problem most associated with submerged arc welding is;
1.
1. Hydrogen cracking in the HAZ
2. Solidification cracking in the weld metal
3. Hydrogen cracking in the weld metal
4. Lamellar tearing in the weld metal
14. Which electrode deposits weld metal with the greatest ductility and resistance to cracking?
1.
1. Rutile
2. Cellulosic
3. Basic
4. Oxidizing
15. In positional MMA welding on pipework, welders are having difficulty in obtaining good
capping profiles when welding in the overhead position. Would you;
1.
1. Advise them to increase the current
2. Advise them to increase the voltage
3. Ask for a new welding team
4. Suggest the use of a smaller diameter electrode
16. A common gas mixture used in MIG welding nickel alloys, to combine good levels of
penetration with good arc stability would be;
1.
1. 75% argon and 25% CO2
2. 100% argon
3. 80% argon and 20% CO2
4. 98% argon and 2% CO2
17. MMA welding of low alloy steels is more likely to be performed with;
1.
1. Cellulosic electrodes.
2. Rutile electrodes.
3. Iron oxide electrodes
4. Basic hydrogen controlled electrodes
18. Which of the following tests would indicate the toughness of weld metal/parent metal – HAZ?
1.
1. Tensile Test
2. Root bend Test
3. Hardness Test
4. Charpy v-notch
19. Pre-heating of carbon steel in manual metal arc welding is carried out to minimize the risk
of;
1.
1. Parent metal cracking
2. Scattered porosity
3. Undercut
4. Lack of fusion
20. Hot shortness is a term used to indicate;
1.
1. Underfill
2. Solidification cracking
3. Hydrogen induced cracking
4. Hot crack
21. In the welding of austenitic stainless steels, the electrode and plate materials are often
specified to be low carbon content. The reason for this;
1.
1. To prevent the formation of chromium carbides
2. Minimize distortion
3. To prevent cracking in the weld
4. All of the above
22. Is it permissible to allow a single pass butt weld to cool down between weld passes?
1.
1. It depends on the specification requirements
2. It is allowed if welding is carried out in a hot and humid environment
3. It depends on the condition of HAZ
4. All of the above
23. Why shielding of arc is required during an arc welding process?
1.
1. To protect the weld pool from hydrogen, helium, and molybdenum
2. To protect the HAZ region
3. To protect the weld pool from the atmosphere
4. All of the above
24. Which of the following defects would show up as light indications on a radiograph?
1.
1. Tungsten inclusion
2. Lack of penetration
3. Excessive cap height and incomplete root penetration
4. All of the above
25. While doing a pipe to pipe weld (circumferential seam), 610mm diameter with no internal
access, which of the following techniques is most likely to be used, considering radiography using
x-ray;
1.
1. SWSI
2. DWSI
3. SWSI – Y
4. SWSI – X
26. A fatigue cracks fracture surface is;
1.
1. Hill top
2. Smooth
3. Zig saw fit
4. None of the above
27. Which of the following elements, if present in significant quantities in steel, may lead to cold
shortness;
1.
1. Phosphorus
2. Sulphur
3. Silicon
4. Copper + Nickel
28. Lamellar tearing has occurred in a steel fabrication before welding could, which of the
following test methods could have detected it?
1.
1. Ultrasonic Testing
2. Radiographic testing
3. Magnetic particle
4. It could not be found by any testing method
29. The strength of the fillet weld is primarily controlled by;
1.
1. Leg length
2. Throat thickness
3. Weld thickness
4. All of the above
30. Which of the following welding processes/technique is likely to be used for the repair
welding of localized porosity in a butt weld;
1.
1. MMA, Submerged arc
2. Mechanised MAG
3. All of the above
4. None of the above

Preparatory Questions (Set – 2)

1 Comment / Preparatory Questions For AWS & CSWIP Exams / By Sandeep Anand
1. Stress relieving is not helpful in which of the following cases?
1. Softening the steel
2. Lowering the peak residual stress
3. Improving resistance to stress corrosion cracking
4. Improving dimensional stability after machining
2. Stray arcing may be regarded as a serious defect because:
 1. It may reduce the thickness dimension of a component
2. It may cause liquation cracks
3. It may cause hard zones
4. All the above
3. Slag inclusions would occur with:
1. Shielded metal arc welding
2. Metal inert gas welding
3. Undercut and underfill
4. Lack of Penetration
4. Stress relieving is not helpful in which of the following cases?
1. In improving resistance to stress corrosion
2. In lowering the peak residual stresses
3. In softening the metal
4. In improving dimensional stability after machining
5. What is the ratio between the leg length and the design throat thickness on a mitre fillet weld
with equal leg lengths?
1. 1 to1
2. 2 to 1
3. 1.414 to 1
4. All of the above
6. The most serious type of defect (s) is (are);
1. Lack of penetration
2. Cracks
3. Lack of fusion
4. All the above
7. When „hydrogen control‟ is specified for a Shielded metal arc welding project, the electrode
would normally be;
1. Cellulosic
2. Iron oxide
3. Acid
4. Basic
8. When manual metal arc welding is being carried out on an open construction site, which group
of welders are most likely to require continuous monitoring?
1. Concrete shuttering welding teams
2. Pipe welding teams
3. Expert riggers and foremen
4. Operation In-Charge
9. A low hydrogen electrode, according to BS 639, would contain:
1. No hydrogen.
2. Less than 15 ml of hydrogen per 100 grams of deposited weld metal
3. Less than 15 ml of hydrogen per 1000 grams of deposited weld metal
4. More than 15 ml of hydrogen per 100 grams of deposited weld metal
10. Two low carbon steel pipes, 150mm diameter and 6mm wall thickness, are to be butt-welded
using the TIG process. To ensure a full-strength joint, which of the following preps is most
suitable?
1. Open single bevel
2. Open single V
3. Open square preparation
4. All of the above
11. Macroscopic examination requires any specimen to be inspected:
1. Once, after etching
 2. Twice, before and after etching
3. No need to inspect before etching
4. None of the above
12. In a fatigue failure the appearance of the fracture surface is characteristic. It would be;
1. Rough and torn
2. „Chevron‟-like
3. Smooth
4. None of the above
13. Toe blending is important as it may affect;
1. Corrosion
2. Fatigue life
3. Overlap type defects
4. All the above
14. Undercut is normally assessed by;
1. Its depth
2. Its length
3. It‟s blending
4. All the above
15. Welds made with high heat inputs show a reduction in which of the following properties?
1. Ductility
2. Toughness
3. Fatigue strength
4. Mechanical strength
16. If pipe bores are not matched correctly it can result in:
1. Lack of root penetration
2. The incorrect flow of water
3. Excessive undercut
4. High preheating during welding
17. In Shielded metal arc welding of low carbon steel, which electrode flux will yield the greatest
degree of penetration?
1. Iron powder
2. Rutile
3. Cellulosic
4. Low hydrogen
18. The most common type of defect found in a structure that is in operation for a longer period
of time;
1. Fatigue cracking
2. Crystallization
3. Cold Cracking
4. Stress gradient
19. The weld dimension used to indicate the minimum strength of a fillet weld is:
1. Leg length
2. Throat thickness
3. Width of bead
4. Length of weld element
20. You would certainly recognize a hydrogen controlled flux covered electrode from its:
1. Colour
2. Length
3. Trade name
4. BS639/AWS code letter
21. Basic coated electrodes possess which of the following properties;
 1. High mechanical properties may be used to produce welds of high deposition rates and to
produce welds of low hydrogen content
2. Low hydrogen content welds, good stop/start properties and high strength
3. Low carbon content welds, friable slag and high strength
4. All of the above
22. Which is the hardest part of a multi-pass welded joint, considering no post weld heat
treatment has been done?
1. The HAZ of the cap
2. The HAZ of the root
3. The root
4. The root, and cap
23. Which of the following is applicable to a plate lamination?
1. They originate in the parent material
2. They are mainly caused by hydrogen entrapment
3. Both 1 & 2
4. None of the above
24. A black triangular flag used in conjunction with a weld symbol as to en 22553 means:
1. Be cautious while welding
2. Only E 7018 to be used
3. Welding to be carried out on-site (field weld)
4. All of the above
25. Which of the following is likely to be considered an essential variable in a welding procedure?
1. A change in welding position from Vertical to Overhead
2. A change from an electrode classified to AWS E 6012 to an electrode E 7018
3. A change in preheat temp from 1100 C to 1650 C
4. All of the above
26. Which of the following flame types would you expect to be used for the cutting of mild steel?
1. Neutral flame
2. Carburizing flame
3. Oxidizing flame
4. None of the above
27. Which of the following is used for a crater crack?
1. Tearing
2. Fatigue crack
3. Star crack
4. Lap
28. Cold lapping is another term for:
1. Lack of fusion at the toe of a weld
2. lack fusion between weld metal and HAZ
3. undercut on root pass
4. both a and b
29. The throat thickness of a ¾ inch fillet weld is?
1. 27.5mm
2. 24mm
3. 13.5mm
4. 12.5mm
30. To test a component for vibrational loading, a suitable mechanical test would be:
1. Fatigue
2. Impact
3. Compressive
4. Tensile
Preparatory Questions (Set – 3)
4 Comments / Preparatory Questions For AWS & CSWIP Exams / By Sandeep Anand
1. Overlap in welds could be influenced by:
1. Welding process
2. Welding position
3. Poor welding technique
4. All the above
2. In MAG/CO2 welding which parameter gives the greatest control of weld appearance during
dip transfer or short-circuiting welding?
1. Wire stick-out length
2. Welder‟s convenience
3. Wire feed speed
4. Inductance
3. In X-ray work the quality of the radiographic image is assessed by the:
1. The density of the film
2. IQI indicator
3. KVA available
4. Stand-off distance
4. In Shielded Metal arc welding what parameter is used for control of penetration into the base
material?
1. Voltage
2. Welding speed
3. The gravitational pull of the earth
4. Current
5. Welds made with damaged electrode coatings in Shielded metal arc welding will lead to:
1. Porosity
2. Undercut
3. Excessive penetration
4. Excessive bead height
6. What is the most common cause of failure in root bend tests?
1. Improper mandrel setting
2. Improper electrode holder
3. Lack of fusion and penetration
4. Too high a travel speed
7. When steel is heated to above its upper critical temperature, the structure produced is:
1. Martensite
2. Austenite
3. Pearlite
4. Ferrite
8. Which of the following can arise from copper inclusions in a mild steel weld?
1. Weld metal cracks
2. HAZ cracks
3. Lack of fusion
4. Porosity
9. An electro slag weld requires what heat treatment to improve the grain structure?
1. Annealing
2. Stress relieving
3. Normalizing
4. Quench and tempering
10. An austenitic stainless steel may suffer:
 1. Weld decay
2. Sensitization
3. Solidification cracking
4. All the above
11. Ultrasonic test (UT) would be preferred over radiography due to:
1. Ability to find most defects
2. Lower skill requirement
3. Ability to detect laminations
4. Both 1 and 3
12. Generally the most suitable method of detecting lack of sidewall fusion would be:
1. Ultrasonic Test
2. MPI
3. Radiography
4. Penetrant inspection
13. Repair welding is often more difficult than production welding due to:
1. The material being ingrained with in-service contaminants
2. Restricted access within the repair area
3. The possible position of the weld repair
4. All the above
14. Flame cut preparations may, during welding, increase the likelihood of:
1. Cracking
2. Misalignment problems
3. Inclusions
4. All the above
15. A welding procedure is useful to:
1. Give information to the welder
2. Give information to the inspector
3. Produce sound welds
4. All the above
16. From the following electrode coding E50 4 B 160 20 H5, the compulsory part is:
1. E50 4 B 160 20 H5
2. B 160 20 H5
3. E50 4 B
4. None of the above
17. During TIG welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel pipe, Argon gas baking is used to:
1. Prevent oxidation
2. Prevent under bead cracking
3. Prevent porosity
4. Control the penetration bead shape
18. A welder qualification test is carried out to verify:
1. The skill of the welder
2. The quality of the materials
3. The non-destructive test procedures
4. The manufacturing method
19. The unit of Joules would be used to measure:
1. Tensile strength
2. Impact energy
3. Hardness
4. Electrical resistance
20. Submerged arc welding is a process that generally gives:
1. Slag free welds
 2. Low penetration
3. Low dilution
4. High heat input
21. When measuring the welding parameters with the MMA welding (SMAW) process for
approval of welding procedure, the Welding inspector should measure the voltage:
1. As close to the welding arc as possible
2. Anywhere along the welding cable
3. Always from the voltmeter on the welding plant
4. As near to the welding terminals as possible
22. In arc welding process, which of the following is the correct term used for the amount of weld
metal deposited per minute?
1. Filling rate
2. Deposition rate
3. Weld deposition
4. All of the above
23. Which electrode is most suitable for welding of low alloy steels with MMA welding process:
1. Basic hydrogen controlled electrodes
2. Rutile electrodes
3. Cellulosic Electrodes
4. Iron powder electrodes
24. Initiation of a TIG arc by using a High Frequency (HF) spark may not be allowed for some
application because
1. It can damage electronic equipment
2. It causes tungsten inclusion
3. It is an electrical safety hazard
4. All of the above
25. Which of the following is likely to give the highest impact strength in ferritic weld metal?
1. Basic coated normal metal arc electrodes
2. Cellulosic electrodes
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
26. Which type of power source characteristics is normally used for manual welding?
1. Constant welding
2. Flat characteristics
3. Constant current
4. A motor-generator
27. Which NDT method can be used to detect the surface as well as the sub-surface defects?
1. Radiography
2. Magnetic particle
3. Penetrants
4. Ultrasonic flaw detector
28. When hydrogen control is specified for a manual metal arc-welding project the electrode
would normally be:
1. Cellulosic
2. Iron oxide
3. Acid
4. Basic
29. The steel composition in the structural contract is changed from 0.15% carbon, 0.6%
manganese, to 0.2% carbon, 1.2% manganese. Might this influence the incidence of?
1. Cracking in the weld area
2. Porosity
 3. Undercut for fillet welds
4. All of the above
30. For open site manual metal arc welding the following equipment is available. Which would
you choose for safe working?
1. Diesel engine driven motor-generator
2. Single operator transformer
3. Multi operator transformers
4. All of the above

Preparatory Questions (Set – 4)

/ Preparatory Questions For AWS & CSWIP Exams / By Sandeep Anand
1. Which of the following does not require baking;

1.
1. E 6010
2. E 7018
3. Both a & b
4. None of the above
2. Gamma rays and X-rays are part of a family of waves called

1.
1. Acoustic waves
2. Light waves
3. Electromagnetic waves
4. Transverse waves
3. Why is hot – pass so-called?

1.
1. Because it is applied at a high amperage
2. Because it is applied when the root is still hot
3. Because it could cause „hot – shortness‟
4. Because it heat treats the root
4. To weld a carbon steel which electrode will give the greatest deposition rate in
SMAW?

1.
1. 2% Hydrogen
2. Cellulosic
3. Iron powder
4. Rutile
5. Tempering is often carried out to regain toughness after which of the
following processes?

1.
1. Normalising
2. Annealing
3. Hardening
4. Dwelling
6. Incomplete root penetration in a butt joint could be caused by:
 1.
1. Excessive root face width
2. Excessive root gap and depth
3. Low current setting
4. Both A and C
7. Welding a steel plate with a CE of 0.45 would require preheating to:

1.
1. Prevent the formation of chlorides
2. Prevent hardening in the HAZ
3. Prevent distortion
4. Save weld time
8. Pipe welding codes are set up by

1.
1. Welding Inspector
2. Head of the state
3. Associations, societies, insurance companies, manufacturers and the military.
4. Company CEO
9. A fabricating procedure calls for fillet welds to be „blended in‟ by grinding.
This influences

1.
1. Tensile strength
2. Fatigue life
3. Resistance to load
4. Yield strength
10. You see a welder using an oxy-acetylene flame with a long feathered inner
cone. What would be the effect of this on carbon steel?

1.
1. The weld would be hard and brittle
2. The weld could bulge
3. Reinforcement could be higher than usual
4. Underfill and spatters would be comparatively more
11. During TIG welding of austenitic stainless steel pipe, argon gas backing is used
to;

1.
1. Prevent oxidation
2. Prevent linear indication
3. Prevent blow holes
4. None of the above
12. You notice manual metal arc electrodes, stripped of flux, are being used as
filler wire for TIG welding. You would object because:

1.
1. It is too expensive
2. The wire would be too thick
 3. The metal composition may be wrong
4. The wire is too short
13. Which gas to be used for shielding while doing welding of aluminium alloys by
TIG welding?

1.
1. Nitrogen
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Argon/carbon dioxide mixture
4. Argon
14. In the welding of a butt joint from one side, the profile of the root bead is
controlled by

1.
1. Bevel angle
2. Root face
3. Root gap
4. All of the above
15. Which one of the following types of steel would give rise to the formation of
porosity when welded with an arc process?

1.
1. Fine grained steel
2. Fully killed steel
3. Semi killed steel
4. Rimming steel
16. The most common type of failure associated with sharp fillets, notches and
undercut is

1.
1. Cree
2. Fatigue
3. Corrosion
4. Sudden bend
17. Low alloy steels with a high carbon equivalent will require …………. before
welding

1.
1. No pre-heating
2. High pre-heat temperatures
3. Low pre-heat temperatures
4. None of the above
18. When open site working, serious porosity in metal arc welds is brought to your
attention. What would you investigate?

1.
1. Electrode type
2. Power plant type
3. Electrode storage
 4. Day temperature
19. A root bend test is used to test the amount of weld:

1.
1. Ductility
2. Degree of freedom
3. Hardness
4. Crack orientation
20. The second run in a three run butt weld using the stovepipe technique is
known as the

1.
1. Sealing run
2. Hot pass
3. Intermediate run
4. Capping
21. In MAG/CO2 welding, which parameters give the greatest control of weld
appearance during dip transfers or short-circuiting welding?

1.
1. Wire sick-out length
2. Amperage
3. Wire feed speed
4. Inductance
22. What constituent is needed in coating of electrode of an electrode to prevent
formation of porosity in welding of rimming steel?

1.
1. Iron powder
2. Calcium fluoride
3. Calcium carbonate
4. Silicon
23. In the welding of Austenitic stainless steels, the electrode and plate material
can be purchased with low carbon contents. The reason for this is to prevent?

1.
1. Cracking I the HAZ
2. The formation of chromium carbides
3. Cracking in the weld metal
4. Distortion
24. Incomplete penetration in a butt joint could be caused by:

1.
1. Excessive root face width
2. Excessive root gap size
3. Low current setting
4. Both A & C
25. The planar defect is:
 1.
1. Incomplete fusion defects
2. Slag inclusion
3. Incomplete penetration
4. Both A & C
26. The main causes of porosity in welded joints are:

1.
1. Poor access
2. Loss of gas shield
3. “Dirty” materials
4. All of the above
27. A fatigue failure characteristic by the appearance of the fracture surface. It
would be:

1.
1. Rough and torn
2. Smooth
3. Both A and B
4. Neither A and B
28. A metallurgical problem most associated with submerged arc welding is:

1.
1. Hydrogen cracking in HAZ
2. Solidification cracking in the weld metal
3. Hydrogen cracking in the weld metal
4. Lamellar tearing in the weld metal
29. In welding procedure term, a change in essential variable means

1.
1. Re-qualification of the welding procedure
2. Possible change in the weld‟s microstructure
3. Possible change in t he mechanical properties
4. All of the above
30. Ultrasonic test is preferred over radiography due to:

1.
1. The ability to detect laminations
2. The ability to find more defects
3. Less cost
4. Both a and c

Preparatory Questions (Set – 5)

1 Comment / Preparatory Questions For AWS & CSWIP Exams / By Sandeep Anand
1. Which of the following NDT methods can only detect surface breaking defects?

1.
1. MPI
2. DPI
3. UT
 4. RT
2. Which of the following is applicable to electrode efficiency?

1.
1. The mass of metal deposited as a percentage of the mass core wire melted
2. Iron powder electrodes have efficiencies above 100%
3. Electrodes of high efficiencies tend to procedure welds of a smooth flat profile
4. Both a and b
3. Cellulose electrodes have which of the following properties?

1.
1. Viscous slag, large volumes of shielding gas and UTS values above 90,000 PSI
2. Large volumes of shielding gas, hydrogen contents>15 ml per 100g of weld metal
deposited and should be never baked
3. Large volumes of shielding gas, high spatter contents and hydrogen levels < 15 ml per 100g
of weld metal deposited
4. None of the above
4. Drooping characteristic power source is suitable for

1.
1. TIG and MMA
2. MIG and TIG
3. TIG and PAW
4. All of the above
5. What is a weld junction?

1.
1. The area containing the HAZ and the weld metal
2. The boundary between the fusion zone and the HAZ
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of the above
6. The likelihood of a brittle fracture in steels will increase with

1.
1. A slow cooling rate
2. A reduction in-service tem to sub-zero conditions
3. Both 1 and 2
4. All of the above
7. A common gas/mixture used in MIG welding of nickel alloys to combine good
levels of penetration with good arc stability would be :

1.
1. 100% CO2
2. 100% argon
3. 80% argon 20%CO2
4. 98% argon 2% oxygen
8. When visually inspecting a completed single V-butt weld cap you would
certainly assess
 1.
1. cap height
2. toe blend
3. weld width
4. All of the above
9. What two functions in arc welding must be in equilibrium to enable a stable
arc to be established?

1.
1. Arc voltage
2. Current
3. Wire-electrode feed rate
4. Metal burn- off rate
10. Which of the following destructive tests is not normally required for welder
performance test?

1.
1. Bend tests
2. Macro examination
3. Impact tests
4. Fracture tests
11. In the welding of austenitic pipe work, the bore is usually purged with argon
to

1.
1. Prevent formation of porosity in the weld
2. Prevent burn-through in the root run
3. Prevent oxidation of the root bead
4. None of the above
12. MIG welded joints are susceptible to lack of fusion problems. Due to

1.
1. Poor maintenance of equipment
2. Incorrect settings
3. Poor inter-run cleaning
4. All the above
13. Reason for Incomplete penetration in a single „V‟ butt joint could be

1.
1. Root gap too large
2. Root gap too small
3. Step up rectifier
4. High heat input
14. During examination of a aluminium weld joint, macro etching may reveal:

1.
1. Weld defect
2. Weld decay
3. Linear indications
 4. Lack of inter-run penetration
15. What type of power characteristic is required for manual welding?

1.
1. Constant voltage
2. DC generator
3. Drooping characteristic
4. None of the above
16. Excessively high voltage in submerged arc welding would result in:

1.
1. Lack of fusion and spatters
2. Excessive flux melting
3. Slag removal difficulties
4. None of the above
17. Undercut is principally caused by:

1.
1. Excessive amps
2. Excessive volts
3. Excessive travel speed
4. All the above
18. Which electrode classification would be relevant to AWS A5.1-81?

1.
1. E 6013
2. E 5133
3. E 7018 – G
4. None of the above
19. Hydrogen controlled electrodes were developed principally for

1.
1. The prevention of porosity
2. The prevention of cracking
3. Replacing the costly electrodes
4. None of the above
20. E6014 electrode would most probably used for welding

1.
1. Low pressure pipework
2. High- pressure pipework
3. Vertical down welding in heat exchange
4. When low hydrogen welds are required
21. For welding of carbon steel with thickness more than 100 mm, which of the
following welding processes would be the most suited?

1.
1. TIG
2. Electro-slag
3. Manual metal arc
 4. Plasma arc
22. Lap joints would have a

1.
1. fillet weld
2. corner joint
3. butt-weld with single V
4. single-bevel butts with long edges
23. Cold lapping is used for

1.
1. Lack of fusion at the toe of a weld
2. Overlap
3. Cold cracking
4. Both a and b
24. „Toe blending‟ is important as it may affect

1.
1. Corrosion
2. Fatigue life
3. Both a and b
4. All of the above
25. A welding procedure is useful to :

1.
1. Give information to the welder
2. Give information to the inspector
3. Give „confidence‟ to a product
4. All of the above
26. The inclusion of an inductance in the welding circuit when using MIG/MAG
welding process is to ;

1.
1. Control the rate of patter in the dip transfer mode
2. Enable the welder to weld in position with the spray transfer mode
3. Both a and b
4. None of the above
27. Welding flux

1.
1. Melts the base metal
2. Protects the weld pool from atmospheric contamination
3. Both a and b
4. None of the above
28. In a bend test the face of the specimen is in tension and the root is in
compression. What type of test is being carried out?

1.
1. Root bend test
 2. Side bend test
3. Face bend test
4. None of the above
29.The British code for visual inspection requirements is:

1.
1. BS 4872
2. BS 499
3. BS 4870
4. None of the above
30. With respect to welding procedure specification (WPS), a change in essential
variable will lead to

1.
1. Re-qualification of the weld procedure.
2. Possible changes in the weld‟s microstructure.
3. Possible changes in the mechanical properties.
4. All the above
31. The steel composition in a structural contract is changed from 0.15% carbon
0.6% manganese, to 0.2% carbon 1.2% manganese. This might influence the
incidence of:

1.
1. Heavy porosity with blow holes
2. Cracking in the weld area
3. Underfill in filler pass
4. Lack of fusion
32. The predominant structure of an hyper-eutectoid steel that has been
quenched at above its upper critical point will be:

1.
1. Austenite
2. Martensite
3. Ferrite
4. Sorbite
33. Which of the following steels is likely to be more susceptible to hydrogen
cracking?

1.
1. Carbon equivalent of less than 0.15 %
2. Carbon equivalent of 0.25%
3. Carbon equivalent of 0.18%
4. Carbon equivalent of 0.43%
34. A correctly made tack weld should slope from the middle to the ends in order
to:

1.
1. Aid better penetration at the join-up
2. Prevent porosity
 3. Both a and b
4. None of the above
35. The use of flux with gas shielded metal arc welding allows:

1.
1. Sheet metal to be welded
2. A stable arc when using high current densities
3. Aluminium to be welded
4. Less dilution of the weld by the parent metal
36. A steel described as QT will have improved tensile properties because it has
been

1.
1. Been heat-treated
2. Been quality tested
3. Both a and b
4. None of the above
37. In the submerged arc welding process, the use of excessive high voltages
would result in?

1.
1. Insufficient flux melting
2. Excessive flux melting
3. Slag removal difficulties
4. Excessive spatter
38. What does the 70 represent on an E70 10 AWS A5.1 classified electrode?

1.
1. 70 n//mm2 min UTS
2. 70 grade steel
3. 70,000 P.S.I min yield strength
4. 70,000 PSI min UTS
39. Which element in steel if present in significant amounts may lead to hot
shortness

1.
1. Phosphorus
2. Manganese
3. Sulphur
4. None of the above
40. Which of the following elements if present in significant quantities in steel
may lead to cold shortness

1.
1. Calcium
2. Phosphorus
3. Hydrogen
4. Copper
Preparatory Questions (Set – 6)
3 Comments / Preparatory Questions For AWS & CSWIP Exams / By Sandeep Anand
1. Which of the following processes joins metals plastically?
1.
1. Friction welding
2. Resistance welding
3. Plasma welding
4. None of the above
2. In submerged arc welding, excessive arc voltage may cause?
1.
1. Excessive penetration
2. Change in weld metal composition
3. Narrow weld width
4. All of the above
3. In a tensile test, a brittle material would be indicated if the fracture surface?
1.
1. Shows a reduction in size
2. Is flat and featureless
3. Breaks in the weld metal
4. Breaks in the parent metal
4. If steel attains improved creep properties at elevated temp, which one of the
following elements would have helped in doing so?
1.
1. Tungsten
2. Manganese
3. Molybdenum
4. Carbon
5. Macroscopic exam requires any specimen to be inspected
1.
1. Twice after etching
2. Twice, before and after etching
3. Twice before etching
4. All of the above
6. Which of the following could be expected due to the presence of iron sulphide
in the weld metal?
1.
1. solidification cracking
2. hydrogen cracking
3. Undercut and under fill
4. Weld depression
7. Incomplete root penetration in a butt joint could be caused by:
1.
1. excessive root face width
2. excessive root gap size
3. low current setting
4. both 1 and 3
8. If the procedure doesn‟t mention the requirements for visual inspection of a
specimen then what should you do?
 1.
1. Carry out normal visual inspection
2. Seek advice from higher authority
3. Carry out no visual inspection
4. Re- write the requirements of the specification
9. Chromium, when added to steel as an alloying element, has the effect of
making the alloy more:
1.
1. Ductile
2. Plastic
3. Hardenable
4. Malleable
10. When a steel suffers hot shortness, it is mostly due to the presence of:
1.
1. Sulphur
2. Phosphorous
3. Silicon
4. Manganese
11. A discontinuity can be called as defect only when
1.
1. It is a Linear indication
2. It is a rounded indication
3. It exceeds the code limit
4. None of the above
12. You have a macro section of a „T‟ butt joint that shows a step-like defect lying
outside the visible HAZ. What would this defect possibly signify?
1.
1. HAZ cracking
2. Toe cracking
3. Lamination
4. Lamellar tearing
13. The important point of high temperature steels is that:
1.
1. They can withstand creep failure
2. They may suffer re-heat cracking problems
3. They may suffer loss of toughness
4. All the above
14. A basic electrode would normally:
1.
1. Have superior mechanical properties
2. Require baking before use
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
15. Hot shortness is a term used to indicate:
1.
1. Lamellar tearing
2. Solidification cracking
3. Hydrogen cracking
4. None of the above
16. Which defect would you expect to get in TIG welds in non-deoxidised steel?
1.
1. Underfill and high reinforcements
2. Porosity
3. Tungsten inclusions
4. Spatters
17. The overall length of a pipeline can be affected by:
1.
1. Longitudinal shrinkage
2. Angular shrinkage
3. Circumferential shrinkage
4. All of the above
18. Which one of the following is not helpful in minimising angular distortion
during welding?
1.
1. Use of double „V‟ weld prep using balanced welding technique
2. Pre-setting of work piece
3. Applying post weld heat soak
4. All of the above
19. Percentage elongation of a metal undergoing a tensile test is a measure of:
1.
1. Elasticity
2. Plasticity
3. Ductility
4. None of the above
20. Argon purging on the root side is necessary in the TIG welding of stainless
steel to:
1.
1. Avoid porosity in the root
2. Obtain full penetration
3. Obtain full fusion
4. All of the above
21. The toes of the cap on a butt weld:
1.
1. Must overlap on the external surface of a pipe or plate by at least 1.5mm
2. Must be grounded
3. Must not be grounded
4. None of the above
22. Why is hot – pass so-called?
1.
1. Because it is applied at a high amperage
2. Because it is applied when the root is still hot
3. Because it could cause „hot – shortness‟
4. Because it heat treats the root
23. Is it permissible to allow a single „V‟ butt weld to cool down passes?
1.
1. It is solely the decision of the welder
2. It depends on the requirement of the procedure and specifications
3. It is solely the decision of the welding inspector
 4. No, all welds should be completed before dropping the temperature to ambient
24. Fluctuating load is: cyclic stresses, below the UTS on a weld component may
lead to:
1.
1. Tensile failure
2. Yield failure
3. Fatigue failure
4. Shear failure
25. To measure accurately the root radius of a charpy or Izod specimen, which of
the following can be used?
1.
1. A shadowgraph
2. A Steel rule
3. A Vernier caliper
4. Steel Tape

Preparatory Questions (Set – 7)

12 Comments / Preparatory Questions For AWS & CSWIP Exams / By Sandeep Anand
1. Which of the following butt weld preparations is generally most susceptible to lack of side wall
fusion during MMA welding?
1.
1. A “U” preparation
2. A “V” preparation
3. A Double V preparation
4. All of the above
2. Which of the following units is used for charpy V notch energy?
1.
1. Pounds per square inch
2. Joules
3. KSi
4. All of the above
3. What destructive test would be required to ascertain the likelihood of cracking in the HAZ of a
weld?
1.
1. Volumetric test at HAZ area
2. Side bend test
3. Tensile test
4. Macro test
4. Stress can be measured in:
1.
1. N/mm2
2. Psi
3. mm
4. both a & b
5. What is the ratio between the leg length and the design throat thickness on a miter fillet weld
with equal leg lengths
1.
1. 1 to1
2. 2 to 1
3. 1.414 to 1
 4. All of the above
6. The primary duty of a welding inspector is:
1.
1. to ensure the welds are defect free
2. to ensure the weld is free from residual stresses
3. to write job specifications
4. to ensure all welding and associated activities are carried out in accordance with the
procedure and specification
7. Quality Assurance:
1.
1. Another name for inspection
2. Relates to all activities and functions concerned with the attainment of quality
3. Is the activity of ensuring documents related to specific contracts are in order
4. Is the activity of carrying out quality control
8. Generally speaking, a welding inspector, as a minimum requirement:
1.
1. Must have a thorough knowledge of NDT
2. Must know how to interpret radiographs
3. Must have thorough knowledge of welding metallurgy
4. None of the above
9. The toes of the cap of a butt weld
1.
1. Must overlap onto the external surface of a plate or a pipe by at least 1.5mm
2. Must be ground
3. Must never be ground
4. None of the above
10. A welding inspector:
1.
1. Should be able to weld
2. Must know how to interpret radiographs
3. May be required on certain contracts, to interpret radiographs
4. None of the above
11. What is the throat thickness of a fillet weld
1.
1. The distance from the toe to the face
2. The distance from the root to the face center
3. The distance from the root to the toe
4. The distance from toe to toe
12. Stress acting in the opposite direction of compressive stress is known as:
1.
1. Tensile stress
2. Shear stress
3. Hoop stress
4. All of the above
13. A weld defect is
1.
1. A flaw of any size or type
2. An indication which can be seen by visual inspection
3. An imperfection with a dimension above the specified limit
4. An indication shown by surface or volumetric NDT
14. The fusion boundary of a weldment is
 1.
1. The boundary between weld metal and HAZ
2. The boundary between different passes
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2
15. Which group of welders is most likely to require continuous monitoring by a welding
inspector?
1.
1. Concrete shuttering welders
2. Overland pipeline welders
3. Tack welders
4. Maintenance welders
16. Which of the following destructive tests would indicate the toughness of weld metal/parent
1.
1. Tensile test
2. Ultrasonic test
3. Side bend test
4. Charpy V notch test
17. Fillet welds are:
1.
1. Preferable to butt welds due to high strength
2. Difficult to assess with NDT in comparison with butt (groove) welds
3. Used only for appearance purposes
4. All of the above
18. API stands for:
1.
1. Associated pipeline industries
2. American pipeline institute
3. American petroleum institute
4. American pressure pipe institute
19. What is the leg length of a fillet weld
1.
1. Between 1 mm to 3 mm
2. The distance from the root to the face center
3. The distance from the root to the toe
4. The distance from the one toe to other
20. Which of the following alloys is non-magnetic ?
1.
1. 4.0% chromium molybdenum
2. 12.0% chromium 1.5% molybdenum
3. Austenitic stainless steel
4. 9.0% nickel steel
21. If submerged arc welding is used to make butt welds, which would you be most critical of?
1.
1. The root gap tolerance
2. The angle of preparation
3. Both 1 & 2
4. Neither 1 & 2
22. Which one of the following statements is correct?
1.
1. Preheating increases dilution
 2. Preheating increases cooling
3. Both 1 & 2
4. Neither 1 & 2
23. Proof stress is used when non-ferrous metals are undergoing tensile tests to determine the
equivalent:
1.
1. Elasticity
2. Yield strength
3. Tensile strength
4. All of the above
24. One purpose of a microscopic examination of a weld is to establish the:
1.
1. Strength of the weld
2. Number of alloying elements
3. Grain size
4. Number of runs used
25. Nick break specimen test is carried out for:
1.
1. Soundness and fracture appearance
2. Tensile strength and fracture appearance
3. Ductility and fracture appearance
4. All of the above
26. Submerged arc welds made with re-cycled flux are liable to:
1.
1. Porosity
2. Underfill and spatters
3. Incomplete fusion
4. All of the above
27. Degreasing components is essential for quality welding but some agents may:
1.
1. Cause corrosion problems
2. Give off phosgene gas
3. Leave residues
4. All the above
28. The weld metal deposit of MMA electrodes achieves its mechanical strength through:
1.
1. The core wire
2. The flux coating
3. Iron powders with the flux coating
4. None of the above
29. Submerged arc fluxes can be supplied in two forms. These are:
1.
1. Fused and agglomerated
2. Agitated and fused
3. Sintered and agglomerated
4. None of the above
30. Which of the following processes uses the „key holing‟ system of fusion?
1.
1. Friction welding
2. Thermit welding
3. Electron beam welding
 4. All of the above
31. When visually inspecting a fillet weld it would normally be sized by:
1.
1. The leg lengths
2. The actual throat thickness
3. The design throat thickness
4. Both 1 and 3
32. The main usage of arc cutting/gouging processes is:
1.
1. The cutting of single bevel preparations
2. The removal of deposited welds
3. The cutting of single U type preparations
4. The cutting/gouging of non-ferrous materials only
33. Which of the following coatings is associated with stove welding?
1.
1. Cellulosic
2. Rutile
3. Basic
4. Oxidising
34. A welding inspector‟s main attribute includes:
1.
1. Literacy
2. Knowledge and experience
3. Honesty and integrity
4. All of the above
35. Quality assurance is:
1.
1. The inspection of a product or service
2. Not solely related to planning and inspection
3. The implementation of quality control
4. None of the above
36. Which mechanical test can be used to make an assessment of surfacing breaking defects?
1.
1. Nick break test
2. Macro test
3. Bend test
4. All of the above
37. Gamma rays and X-rays are part of a family of waves called:
1.
1. Acoustic waves
2. Light waves
3. Electromagnetic waves
4. Transverse waves
38. A surface breaking crack will be detected during a magnetic particle inspection if it is:
1.
1. At right angles to the lines of flux
2. Parallel to the lines of flux
3. At 25° to the lines of flux
4. All the above
39. A code of practice for visual inspection should include the following:
1.
 1. Before, during and after welding activities
2. Before welding activities only
3. After welding activities only
4. None of the above
40. One advantage of metal gas arc shielded welding is:
1.
1. Can be used in draughty locations without protection
2. Produces a deposit low in hydrogen content
3. Both 1 & 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2