Mot Nam Hoi Nghi Dien Hong Hungary

T SCH SOS2
MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY
Bin son: Nguyn Quang A H Ni 2005
Mc lc
Li gii thiu 1. Dn nhp 1 3
2. Tho thun bt u cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc 17 3. Hi ngh ton th khai mc ngy 13-6-1989 4. Hi ngh ton th ngy 21-6-1989 5. Hi ngh ton th ngy 19-9-1989 23 42 73
6. Tho thun kt thc giai on m phn 13/6-18/9/1989 98 7. Trnh t cc cuc m phn bn trn ch yu Ch mc 103 161
LI GII THIU Bn c cm trn tay cun th mi bn * ca t sch SOS2, cun Mt nm Hi ngh Din Hng Hungary. Tiu ca cun sch c th gy hiu lm. Hi ngh Din Hng l mt s kin lch s Vit Nam din ra vo thi Trn vi s tham gia ca hn 200 nhn s, sao li c hi ngh Din Hng Hungary? Sao li ko di c mt nm? ng l tn ca cun sch khng kho, nhng n mun gi mt qu trnh tng t xy ra Hungary khong mt nm tri t gia 1989 n u 1990. Qu trnh din bin ho bnh t ch chuyn ch sang ch dn ch. Qu trnh ny c s tham gia ca nhng ngi cm quyn, ca nhng ngi i lp, ca cc i din ca cc t chc x hi, cng c nhiu nt ging hi ngh Din Hng (cng do nh cm quyn khi xng vi s tham gia ca tng lp u t, bn v vn nc). Tuy vy im khc bit l hi ngh Din Hng bn v chng ngoi xm, cn y l bn v chng ni xm, bn v pht trin t nc. u cun sch c th gy tranh ci song ti thch u ny. y l mt cun sch l, khng c tc gi, hay kh bit ch xc ai l tc gi ca cc vn kin ny [tuy c th bit r ai pht biu]. N l mt cng trnh tp th. Thc ra, cun sch ny khng c tham vng gii thiu din bin nm 1989 Hungary. N lm mt vic khim tn hn nhiu l gii thiu tm tt cc cuc hi m, m phn Bn trn Dn tc xy ra trong khong 100 ngy t
*
Cc quyn trc gm: 1. J. Kornai: Con ng dn ti nn kinh t th trng, Hi Tin hc Vit Nam 2001, Nh Xut bn Vn ho Thng tin (NXB VHTT) 2002. 2. J. Kornai: H thng X hi ch ngha, NXB Vn ho Thng tin 2002 3. J. Kornai- K. Eggleston: Chm sc sc kho cng ng, NXB VHTT 2002 4. G. Soros: Gi kim thut ti chnh, sp xut bn 5. H. de Soto: S b n ca t bn, sp xut bn 6. J. E. Stiglitz: Ch ngha x hi i v u? sp xut bn 7. F.A. Hayek: Con ng dn ti ch nng n, sp xut bn 8. G. Soros: X hi M, sp xut bn 9. K. Popper: S Khn cng ca Ch ngha lch s, sp xut bn. 10. K. Popper: X hi m v nhng k th ca n, I, Plato 11. K. Popper: X hi m v nhng k th ca n, II, Hegel v Marx 12. Thomas S. Kuhn: Cu trc ca cc cuc Cch mng Khoa hc 13. Thomas L. Freedman: Th gii Phng
2 13-6-1989 n 18-9-1989, m kt qu ca n a Hungary t mt nn chuyn chnh sang mt nn dn ch. Ton b cc vn kin gn vi cc cuc m phn ko di hn mt nm (m phn thc cht ko di khong 100 ngy) c tp hp li 10 nm sau khi nn dn ch bn chc r Hungary di dng 8 cun sch (hn 4000 trang vi tiu Cc cuc m phn Bn trn, Kerekasztal Trgyalsok, do NXB Magvet xut bn cun 1 n cun 4 nm 1999, v NXB j Mandtum xut bn cc cun 5 n 8 vo nm 1999 v 2000). Chng ti da vo ti liu , cc ti liu khc vit ra phn dn nhp ca cun sch ny. Cc phn sau c dch t nguyn bn ting Hungary. Ti ngh cun sch c th b ch cho cc nh lnh o ng cng sn Vit Nam, cho nhng ngi bt ng chnh kin, cho cc t chc chnh tr-x hi Vit Nam. Tt nhin n cng c th l th vi mi ngi quan tm n lch s Hungary, n kinh nghim Hungary, n cc vn ca Vit Nam. Din bin ho bnh l mt t rt p, nhng li b gn cho mt ngha xu xa, ng ln n. Hy tr li cho t ng ngha ca n. Phi chng nhng ngi ght din bin ho bnh thch din bin bo lc? Ti ngh hn 80 triu nhn dn Vit Nam khng ai mun thy bo lc ti din trn t nc c qu nhiu au thng v bo lc ny. Bn c c th suy ngm liu c hc c bi hc g t kinh nghim Hungary hay khng. l ti ca mt tiu lun khc m ti mong c s gp ca cc qu v. Ti chn thnh cm n anh V Ngc Cn tham gia gip dch mt phn chng 7, cm n anh Bohr gi cho a CD. Cun sch chc cn nhiu thiu st mong bn c thng cm, lng th, v ch bo; xin lin h theo a ch Tp ch Tin hc v i sng, 54 Hong Ngc Phch H Ni [25/B7 Nam Thnh Cng], hoc qua in th thds@hn.vnn.vn hay nqa@netnam.vn 10-2005 Nguyn Quang A
Dn nhp
1. Vi nt lch s Ngi Hungary c gc chu v sau nhiu nm di c n nh c v lp quc chu u ti a im nc Hungary ngy nay vo nm 895. V Hungary c lch s thnh vn t khi . Cc vua cha phong kin xy dng mt nc Hungary hng mnh. Cch mng t sn Hungary xy ra ngy 13-3-1848. Trong ch Qun ch o-Hung (t 1867) c ho bnh v thnh vng, c mt h thng hin php t do, nhng khng c dn ch. T 1914 nc Hungary u tin b cun vo chin tranh th gii ln th nht, sau trong tnh trng hn n sau chin tranh Hungary tri qua cc cuc cch mng ngn mang tnh dn ch ri phn dn ch. Vi hip nh ho bnh Trianon tuy Hungary ly li c s c lp, nhng b mt hai phn ba lnh th. Thi k Horthy (t 1919) c th c trng bi hn hp cc c tnh theo nguyn l uy quyn, na hin php-na dn ch, mang tnh phc th bao gm nhiu giai on chnh tr khc nhau, nhng khng c giai on no l dn ch c. Tuy quyn bu c c m rng, hp php ho s hot ng ca mt ng i lp (ng X hi Dn ch Hungary), bu c bng phiu kn c thc hin cc thnh ph ln, nhng nhng ni khc vn l h thng bu m. Tuy c nhiu ng, nhng ng nm quyn lun lun thng. c t do ngn lun mt thi gian di, nhng n cui thi k ny li c kim duyt. T 1938 vi t cch ng minh ca nc c nazi ch ny ngy cng phn bit i x vi ngi gc do thi. T thng 3-1944 cho n tn 6-1991 cc i qun nc ngoi ng ti Hungary, nh th ch quyn quc gia v c bn- v mt qun s v chnh tr - b hn ch. Nm 1944 v u 1945 t nc Hungary bin thnh chin trng chnh ph tay sai phc v cc li ch nazi. 3
Vi s kt thc chin tranh th gii ln th hai t 1945 Hungary bt u mt qu trnh pht trin dn ch ch thc nhng b s soviet ho ca nhng nm 1947-48 ph hng. c mt h thng da trn bu c t do, nhng vn ch l h thng na dn ch gia cc nm 1945-47, bi v ch do nhng ngi soviet kim sot khng cho phe i lp t do hot ng, cc ng ch yu b dn vo mt i lin hip, tc ot quyn bu c ca hng trm ngn ngi, v ng cng sn chim cc v tr then cht trong lnh vc kim sot cc lc lng v trang ngy cng hn ch tm hot ng ca nhng ngi dn ch. Gia cc nm 1948 v 1963 c cc c im ca ch ton tr chuyn chnh v sn -gn vi tn cc tng b th ng cng sn l Rkosi, Ger, ri Kdr m cuc cch mng 1956 ch c th lm t on trong thi gian 12 ngy. T 1963 n 1989 l thi k ca ch chuyn ch hu ton tr mm hn, vi c trng l c s ci m kinh t tng i v sn lng ci cch, nhng ng cng sn vn gi c quyn chnh tr. Cui cng nm 1989 lc lng lnh o ch , ng CNXHCN chp nhn tng dn ch i din, tin hnh m phn vi phe i lp, t b nh nc-ng v cng phe i lp tho thun v hin php mi, v cc lut c bn to iu kin cho din bin ho bnh sang ch dn ch. Lch s Hungary th k hai mi t c thi k dn ch v ho bnh. ngha lch s ca din bin ho bnh nm 1989 l v cng trng i. 2. Hot ng i lp Ti liu ny tm tt tin trnh dn ch ho xy ra t u nm 1989 n u nm 1990 Hungary. Bin c 1989 khng ch c ngha vi Hungary, m c ngha quc t. Ngc vi tnh hnh Ba Lan, ni nh th c nh hng rt mnh v lun coi trng li ch dn tc v ng h cc phong tro yu nc, ni cc lc lng i lp hot ng mnh m, nht l thi k Cng on on kt huy ng c lc lng qun chng cng nhn, v l nhn t quyt nh dn n thay i chnh tr nc ny. Hot ng i lp Hungary, c l do b n p khc lit sau tht bi ca cch mng 1956, kh yu t, ch yu xut pht t tng lp tr thc. Nhng nhn t phn khng lun tn ti nhng quy
DN NHP
m nh. Nm 1977 c 34 tr thc k mt th phn i vic a cc nh lnh o ca Charta 77 Tip Khc ra to, trong by t s ng h ca h i vi cc lnh t ca phong tro Praha. Nm 1981 xut hin mt tp ch t xut bn (samizdat) m trong ban bin tp ca n c nhiu nh lnh o ca Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do sau ny. Nm 1985 ti cuc gp g Monor c 45 ngi tham gia m o v vic nh gi li s kin 1956, v tnh hnh t nc v khng hong h thng. Nm 1986 t chc thu thp c hn 100 ch k phn i vic cm tp ch vn hc Tiszatj, v nhng ngi ny c vai tr chnh trong cuc ni lon i hi Hi Nh vn thng 11-1986, khi h dng l phiu ca mnh loi tt c nhng ngi thn chnh quyn ra khi Ban chp hnh Hi. Ngy 27-10-1987 c 181 ngi n d hi tho Lakitelek, trong c Pozsgay Imre u vin trung ng ng cng sn tham d v pht biu. Hi tho ny c php t chc vi tn chnh thc l cc c hi ca dn tc Hungary. y l cuc gp g quan trng ca cc lc lng i lp v khc vi cc cuc gp trc cuc gp ny l mt hi tho hp php (tuy xy ra trang tri ring ca Lezsk Sndor v do ng ng ra t chc). c hn ba mi bo co v tnh hnh x hi, kinh t, chnh tr ca t nc v nhng lo ngi v vn ho v gio dc. Nhng ngi tham d gp g Lakitelek thc y thnh lp Din n Dn ch Hungary, sau mt nm tr thnh mt phong tro. Cui 1987 u 1988 tn dng cc khung kh php l chnh thc Din n Dn ch cng khai hot ng nhiu ni. Cng trong thi gian ny ngy 30-31988 Lin minh Dn ch Tr c thnh lp. Ngy 13-11-1988 Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do ra i. Nhiu t chc nghip on mi cng ra i v cc ng c nh ng Tiu ch c lp, ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio cng khi phc. S hnh thnh Bn trn i lp ban u l mt s t v ca phe i lp (t v vi chin thut x nh trong m phn ca ng CNXHCN) v c tm quan trng v phi hp chnh tr ca cc phe phi i lp. Sau cuc biu tnh k nim cch mng 15-3-1989 c tc ng ln, cm nhn c s ng h ca x hi, theo xut ca Din n Lut gia c lp hnh thnh Bn trn i lp ngy 223-1989. Cc t chc sng lp ra Bn trn i lp gm Hi Hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre; Lin minh Dn ch Tr; ng Tiu ch c lp; Din n Dn ch Hungary; ng Nhn dn
Hungary; ng X hi Dn ch nc Hungary; Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do, cng nh Lin on Dn ch cc Cng on c lp vi t cch quan st vin. Thng 6-1989 ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio gia nhp vo t chc c tm thnh vin ny, v mun hn nhiu (thng 1-1990) ng X hi Dn ch c lp cng gia nhp. Nh th t thng 6-1989 chn thnh vin to thnh Bn trn i lp m phn thc cht vi ng CNXHCN cm quyn (8 chnh thc 1 quan st vin). Trc khi trnh by tm tt cc cuc hp ca Bn trn i lp v cc cuc m phn ba bn c l cng nn ni tm tt v tnh hnh ca ng cm quyn, ng CNXHCN. 3. ng cm quyn ng ca nhng ngi cng sn nc Hungary c thnh lp nm 1918. Tranh th tnh hnh ri ren sau chin tranh th gii ln th nht nhng ngi cng sn v nhng ngi dn ch x hi thit lp ch chuyn chnh v sn Hungary t ngy 21-3-1919 n ngy 1-8-1919. Trong thi k Horty (1919-1944) ng b n p. Nm 1945 chuyn thnh ng Cng sn Hungary. Trong bu c t do ln u tin sau chin tranh th gii ln th 2 ng cng sn c 17% phiu bu, ng dn ch x hi c 17,4% v ng Tiu ch c 57%. Nm 1946 thnh lp nc cng ho Hungary vi mt hin php dn ch. Di s h tr ca qun i Soviet lnh o ca ng cng sn Rkosi Mtys tm mi cch loi b tng i th chnh tr mt, tuy n nm 1947 nh tan ng tiu ch nhng 60% phiu bu vn thuc cc ng khc. Ngy 12-61948 ng cng sn v ng x hi dn ch hp nht thnh ng Lao ng Hungary. Sau l cc cuc thanh ton cc lnh t ca ng x hi dn ch v nhng ngi cng sn khng cng ch hng, ng cng sn nm c quyn theo hng stalinist. 20-81949 hin php ca nc Cng ho Nhn dn Hungary c hiu lc. Nm 1953 theo lnh ca Moskva Nagy Imre, ng vin ng cng sn, ln lm th tng, Rkosi Mtys vn lm tng b th. Nm 1955 Nagy Imre b ph trut v sau b khai tr ra khi ng. Thng 1-1956 i hi XX ca ng Cng sn Lin X vch trn cc ti c ca Stalin, m Rkosi li l hc tr thn cn ca Stalin nn di nh hng ca i hi XX Rkosi phi rt lui. Ngy 23-
DN NHP
10-1956 cch mng n ra trong 12 ngy; th tng Nagy Imre tuyn b rt khi Hip c Varsawa; sau cch mng b qun i Soviet dp tan. Nagy Imre b bt. Lin X a Kdr Jnos ln nm quyn. ng i tn l ng Cng nhn X hi Ch ngha (CNXHCN) Hungary. Nagy Imre v cc ng ch ca ng b x t ngy 16-6-1958. Thi i Kdr c cng c v t nm 1963 bt u c ci m v ci cch; nm 1968 bt u c ch kinh t mi. c trng ca c thi k ny l khu hiu ca Kdr Ai khng chng chng ta l ngi pha chng ta. n i hi ng ngy 20-22/5/1988 Kdr t chc v Grsz Kroly ln lm tng b th n 24-6-1989. T 24-9-1989 n 7-10-1989 thay cho vai tr ca tng b th l vai tr ca Ban thng v Chnh tr gm Nyers Rezs, Nmeth Mikls, Grsz Kroly v Pozsgay Imre. Grsz Kroly ngy cng tr thnh nhn t cn tr ci cch v vai tr ca ng b lu m i. i hi XIV ca ng CNXHCN tuyn b chp dt hot ng vi t cch ng-nh nc, v lp ra ng X hi Ch ngha Hungary nh ng k nghip ngy 7-10-1989. c im khc bit nht l lnh o ca ng cm quyn lun c quan h vi nhng ngi bt ng chng kin, khng ging nh tt c cc nc x hi ch ngha khc. Trong sut cc nm t 1960 n 1989 ng CNXHCN c chnh sch tng i ci m. Cc lnh o cao nht ca ng vn c cc cuc gp g vi nhng ngi c t tng i lp, nh cc u vin B Chnh tr Aczl Gyrgy, Nyers Rezs hay u vin trung ng Pozsgay Imre thng gp g vi nhng ngi chng i, lng nghe h, tr chuyn vi h v hnh thnh kin ca mnh. Nyers Rezs khi b tht sng, tuy vn l u vin trung ng, lm gim c Vin Kinh t ca Vin Hn lm Khoa hc Hungary, ni nhiu ngi i lp lm vic. Phn ln bn b ca Pozsgay Imre c coi l nhng ngi i lp. Nh ni trn Pozsgay Imre tham gia cuc gp g Lakitelek lch s nm 1987, cn thng 12-1987 Nyers Rezs khi xng Mt trn Thng Ba Mi. Ngy 11-1-1989 quc hi thng qua lut lp hi v quyn hi hp to c s cho vic lp ng. Chnh ph cng c d tho sa i hin php v sa i nhiu lut khc to c s cho din tin ho bnh. Tuy vy ni dung chnh ca cc cuc m m phn s c tm tt sau y l vic sa i hin php v sa i cc o lut ny cng nh v nhiu vn khc.
4. Cc cuc m phn Mc tiu chnh ca cc cuc m phn l tm cch chuyn t ch chuyn ch sang ch dn ch mt cch ho bnh. V dn ch c nhng ngi khc nhau hiu theo cch khc nhau, v th nn thng nht v thut ng ny. Ch dn ch c hiu l ch trong : cng nhn y quyn cng dn; th ch nh nc php quyn tr thnh nguyn l hin php c bn; c nn t php c lp; bu c dn ch la ra nhng ngi cm quyn; cc cuc bu c phi t do v trong sch; mi ngi u c quyn t do nu kin, v c quyn tip cn ngun thng tin kh d khc (t do ngn lun v t do bo ch); t do lp hi, k c quyn lp t chc chnh tr; v cui cng l s kim sot dn s i vi cc lc lng v trang. l ch ni ngi b tr c th sa thi nhng k cai tr m khng phi dng n bo lc, v c cc nh ch cho vic chn v ph trut nhng ngi cm quyn sao cho nhng ngi cm quyn kh c th thay i cc nh ch ny. cho nn dn ch hot ng hu hiu cn c lc lng i lp mnh. Nh th s tn ti ca lc lng i lp l c li v mt x hi. T cc c im trn suy ra dn ch lun gn vi khoan dung. C nhng ngi coi dn ch nh c hiu nh trn ch l dn ch hnh thc, dn ch x hi ch ngha ca h mi l dn ch ch thc. May thay iu ny chng cn c my ai tin. Tho lun v sa hin php, sa i lut hay tho d lut mi trong cc cuc m phn chnh l nhm t c mc tiu chnh ny. V thi gian, cc cuc m phn bn trn Hungary c th chia lm ba giai on r rt. Giai on u tin l t ngy thnh lp Bn trn i lp 22-3-1989 n khi bt u cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc ngy 10-6-1989. Giai on th hai ca cc cuc m phn bn trn, c tm quan trng quyt nh l ba thng ca cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc ko di t 13-6-1989 n 18-91989. Cui cng gai on th ba ca cc cuc m phn bn trn l giai on sau khi thit lp nc cng ho, khi ch yu bn v vic trnh by li bn sc ca Bn trn i lp, v cc cuc bu c t do sp xy ra. T 2-11-1989 n 27-4-1990 Bn trn i lp mt dn nh hng ca mnh, v thay cho s hp tc gia cc t chc tham gia th s tranh ua ngy cng quyt lit.
DN NHP
Cc t chc i lp tp hp quanh Bn trn i lp n lcv trong phin hp thnh lp ngy 22-3 h thng nht -, cc thnh vin Bn trn i lp ch c th l cc t chc, 1. coi vic t c nguyn tc dn quyn l mc ch ca mnh, 2. khng chia s cc c quyn c quyn quyn lc, v 3. khng lp lin minh vi cc t chc nh vy. to s nht tr nhng ngi tham gia tho thun v cc quy tc th tc, rng cc quyt nh ca Bn trn i lp c a ra vi s ng thun, nh th ngay d phiu chng ca mt t chc duy nht cng c th c ngha l ph quyt. Quy tc ny t ra l mt lc c kt mnh. K t y mi t chc phi cn nhc, rng phiu khc bit ca mnh c quan trng n vy hay khng bng phiu cn tr Bn trn i lp ra quyt nh. Trong lch s ca Bn trn i lp nhiu ln gn n tan v hay sp tan r c nhng trng hp h tranh ci vi nhau n pht cht -, nhng nhng ngi tham gia cui cng nhn nh, rng s thng nht ca phe i lp c gi tr n mc h ch c th chu trch nhim trn c s cc l do rt nghim trng v s tan v. iu ny khng c ngha rng cc t chc thnh vin ch b phiu thun trong cc tranh lun ni b ca h: nhiu khi h b phiu trng, hoc tuyn b rng phiu chng ca h" ch lm r tng quan lc lng trong ni b Bn trn i lp, nhng khng c ngha l ph quyt. Nguyn tc ng thun trong ra quyt nh, dng c sc thi hn cng c dng trong cc cuc m phn ba bn ca giai on hai, v c tc ng rt ln n vn ho chnh tr dn ch ang hnh thnh. Cc bn tham gia m phn r rng n lc nguyn tc thc hnh quyn lc ng thun cng th hin mc no trong c quc hi mi na. Tt c cc bn tham gia u nh gi rng, kt qu ca vn bi l b ng, khng thy trc c, h c khuynh hng bo m qu cho thnh cng ca qu dn ch. mc nht nh mi ngi u c gng thng cuc ngay c nu mnh thua trong cc cuc bu c. Trong khi phe i lp lm mi th hng ng ca h ng tan r, lun lun xut m phn hai bn vi ng CNXHCN. Theo quan im ca h hai bn ngi i din vi nhau: mt bn l ng, cn bn kia l Bn trn i lp. H mun l gii m phn l i thoi gia quyn lc v x hi. iu ny khng c c ng CNXHCN ln cc t chc x hi gn vi ng cm quyn,
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nhng mun tch mnh khi ng-nh nc, chp nhn. Nh th cc on i biu chuyn gia ca hai bn trong cc cuc hp tr b kn cui cng i n tho hip v quan nim m phn ba bn. Cc bn nh th tho thun rng, trong cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc bt u gia thng su cc t chc x hi c quan h gn vi ng CNXHCN c th tham gia nh mt bn c lp c lp trng thng nht. Nh th tham gia cc cuc m phn Bn th Ba c Lin hip La chn Cnh T; Mt trn T quc; Lin minh Thanh nin Dn ch; Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng pht xt; Hi ng Ton quc Ph n Hungary; Hi Mnnich Ferenc; v Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on. Trn c s tho thun ca cc bn m phn cc t chc khc ng k vi ch tch Quc hi- v vi li mi ca ch tch Quc hi- c th tham gia ch vi t cch quan st vin (bn th t). Nh th bn trn thc ra c bn cnh, v bn trn trong thut ng Bn trn i lp, Bn trn Dn tc ch c ngha tng trng ch cc cuc m phn nhiu bn v c tnh phn bit m thi. Cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc din ra ba cp: cc phin hp ton th; cc cuc tho lun cp trung v cc vn chnh tr (do cc lnh t cao nht ca cc ng tin hnh) v v cc vn kinh t x hi dng cc u ban; cc cuc m phn cp chuyn vin theo cc chuyn khc nhau. Bn trn i lp hi hp thng xuyn hnh thnh lp trng chung ca mnh trc cc cuc m phn ba bn, nhiu khi ko di n pht cht trc khi bc sang m phn Bn trn Dn tc. Tuy Bn trn i lp c l do chnh ng gi s rng, ng ng sau cc t chc ca mnh c s ng h x hi ng k, thc ra tnh chnh ng ca n cng ht c vn nh ca cc t chc m n m phn vi. Bi v Bn trn i lp chp nhn s hn ch cng khai ca cc cuc m phn, n ngy cng phi i mt vi s ln n rng, vi t cch ngi tham gia mc c, n mun chia chc quyn lc vi ng CNXHCN trn u nhn dn. V th lc u n nhn mnh l, khng mun m phn v hin php mi hay chnh sch kinh t, khng mun tham gia vo vic lp ra cc nh ch mi (tng thng nc cng ho, To n Hin php), bi v khng c u quyn ca x hi lm cc vic ny. Lp trng ca n l, v cc ch ny ch c Quc hi mi c bu mt cch t do mi c thm quyn quyt nh. N c gng hiu vai tr ring
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DN NHP
ca mnh l cn hp tc tho ra cc d lut ct yu dn n cc cuc bu c t do (th d nh lut bu c hay lut ti tr cho cc ng - bi v nu n khng lm, th khng c n chnh ph vn s trnh cc lut ny ra trc Quc hi-, nhng n khng c gnh vc nhiu hn th. Tuy vy n khi ng CNXHCN c khuynh hng vt qu tho hip Ba Lan, v chp nhn rng, kt qu ca cc cuc m phn khng mang li mt cht li th ring no cho h v cn phi l s m bo php l cho cc cuc bu c trong sch v t do. n lc ng CNXHCN khng ch chp nhn h thng a ng nh thng 1-1989- m chp nhn c vic khng nht thit phi c thc hin trong khun kh "a nguyn x hi ch ngha" na. Tuy nhin cho ng CNXHCN c th ng vng trong cc khun kh ca ch ngha a nguyn- h ngh- nhng ngi do h xut phi c mt cc nh ch mi quan trng nht. Chnh v th n thc y vic m phn v sa i hin php, v thm quyn ca tng thng v v phng thc bu tng thng, cng nh v vic lp To n Hin php cng sm cng tt. Ban u n cng cho cc cuc m phn kinh t l quan trng, nhng sau khi Nyers Rezs c bu lm ch tch ng th khng cn p na, nh th m phn kinh t tt sau m phn chnh tr nhiu. Cng vi vic ny cc i biu ca ng CNXHCN ngh rng, s tho thun v tt c cc ch ny l iu kin khng th thiu c ca s tin hnh thnh cng qu ho bnh. Cui cng Bn trn i lp chp nhn a cc ch trn vo chng trnh ngh s, v nh th c m phn kinh t, r sot li ton b hin php, tin hnh tho cc lut ct yu v cc lut khc na. Thi k m phn h 1989 l thi k y bin ng. Ti Ba Lan dng nh cuc u tranh ng ng, v nhng ni khc c hi vng cho thay i. Nh th t cc cuc bu c Ba Lan n bin c ng c (t 6-1989 n 10-1989) Hungary lt vo trung tm chnh tr quc t. Trong vi thng ch c cc cuc m phn bn trn Hungary l c hi vng khu vc ny cho din bin dn ch. Cng trong thi k ny bn trong Bn trn i lp c th thy, c th cm nhn c nhng khc bit quan im. Cc bin bn, cc bng ghi m v ghi hnh phn nh s cng thng ca cc cuc tranh lun. c cc vn , sau cc cuc tranh lun ko di, Bn trn i lp c th i n thng nht: th d nh lut quyn
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bu c hay cc vn ti tr cc ng. c cc vn m cc t chc Bn trn i lp c s thng nht, nhng li khng tho thun c vi ng CNXHCN. Th d vn chm dt s kim sot ca ng i vi cc phng tin thng tin i chng, vn gii th lc lng t v cng nhn ngay tc khc m khng c ngi tha k hp php, nh i hi thanh l ti sn ng (m ng CNXHCN khng phi l ch s hu m l ngi qun l), cng nh vic cm cc t chc ng hot ng ni lm vic. Lin quan n thit lp nh ch tng thng nc cng ho- trn c s lut I. nm 1946 c s ng thun ba bn. Nhng v cch thc bu (dn bu hay quc hi bu) v thi gian bu (trc bu c quc hi mi hay sau ) n ra tranh ci gay gt ngay c bn trong Bn trn i lp. V vn ny t thng 8-1989 Bn trn i lp khng c lp trng thng nht khi m phn vi ng CNXHCN, v v th lin tc tr hon ra quyt nh. Cui cng Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do v Lin minh Dn ch Tr quyt nh rng, v trong cc cuc m phn vn cn cc vn b ng c tm quan trng ln nh thanh l ti sn ng, chm dt hay tn ti t v cng nhn, cho php hay cm cc ng t chc ni lm vic v thi gian v cch thc bu tng thng-, v cc vn ny h s khng k tho thun ngy 18-9-1989 v xut trng cu dn v cc vn cha c gii quyt. Ti thi im ny Bn trn i lp tch ra lm i. a s cc t chc k tho thun (Hi Hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre, ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio, Din n Dn ch Hungary, ng Nhn dn Hungary) cho rng, kt thc mt giai on ca cc cuc m phn, nh th khng c cn tr no dn xp cc vn cn b ng bng m phn tip theo. Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do v Lin minh Dn ch Tr xut trng cu dn th cho rng, khng c kh nng gii quyt cc vn ny bng m phn, bi v ng CNXHCN bt u cng vic chun b cho bu c tng thng trc tip, thm ch, ngay i hi chuyn i ng cng c ngh quyt ng h vic t chc ng ni lm vic. Lin on Dn ch cc Cng on c lp vin vo a v quan st vin nn khng k tho thun ngy 18-9-1989. ng X hi Dn ch Hungary- k tho thun ch vi ghi ch thm rng khng ng bu tng thng trc bu quc hi, cng nh ng Tiu ch c lp k hon ton tho thun (cm nhn c kh th chung v
13
DN NHP
kin ca ng vin) sau gia nhp vo lin minh i trng cu dn cc vn cn b ng. Bn trn i lp hot ng trn nguyn l ng thun, nn mt phiu chng ca mt t chc duy nht c th cn tr vic ra quyt nh ca cc t chc khc. trnh vic ny c tho hip gy tranh ci t : cnh cp tin ca Bn trn i lp t b quyn ph quyt, nh th cho cc t chc khc c th k tho thun. i li ngay ti , trc cng lun trong bui truyn hnh nghi l k kt h xut trng cu dn , v nh th ngay lp tc tr thnh vn chnh tr ton quc. Cui cng s hp tc bt c d ca cnh n ho v cnh cp tin ca Bn trn i lp thc s vy cht ng CNXHCN. Vic k kt vi 5 t chc n ho ca Bn trn i lp buc tay ng CNXHCN trong vn thng qua cc lut ct yu v sa i hin php: nh th ngy 23-10-1989 c th thnh lp nn cng ho th ba. Cc t chc cp tin ca Bn trn i lp tuy vy khi ng ngay chin dch ly ch k i trng cu dn , v ngy 26-11-1989 trng cu dn v bn vn cha ng ng c tin hnh. Kt qu trng cu dn nh sau: C 58% c tri tham gia trng cu dn . Kt qu 95% ng gii th lc lng t v cng nhn, thanh l ti sn ng v phi chnh tr ho cc ni lm vic. Ngc li v vic bu c tng thng s phiu tn thnh ch hn s phiu khng tn thnh 6101 phiu. Nh vy vi vic k tho thun 18-9-1989 cng vi thnh cng ca trng cu dn , mc tiu v s mnh ban u ca Bn trn i lp c thc hin: bng con ng ho bnh a t nc n ngng ca ca dn ch, n cc cuc bu c t do. ng CNXHCN tuy hon ton tht bi v chin thut nhm mang li cho mnh nhng li th nht nh (mun Pozsgay Imre c bu lm tng thng, mun gi t chc ng ni lm vic, mun gi lc lng t v cng nhn, khng mun thanh l ti sn ng; nh th to iu kin c li cho mnh, vi phm nguyn tc bnh ng v c hi cho cc ng) cng t c mc tiu chnh ca mnh v qu ho bnh n ch a ng, n nn dn ch i ngh. ng l mi ngi u cm thy mnh thng. Sau khi k tho thun 18-9-1989, cc u ban cng tc tip tc lm vic. Ngy 17-20/10/1989 Quc hi thng qua lut v sa i hin php, cng nh lut v To n Hin php, lut v ng v lut v tin hnh bu c. Lut xc nh cc quy tc bu tng thng.
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Trong lut s XXX nm 1989 Quc hi gii tn lc lng t v cng nhn m khng c ngi tha k hp php. Lut v hot ng v qun l ca cc ng quy nh thanh ton ti sn v qun l ti sn, ngoi ra cm vic t chc ch lm vic ca cc ng. Ngy 23-10-1989 tng thng lm thi Szrs Mtys tuyn b s ra i ca nn cng ho th ba, nc Cng ho Hungary. Ngy 21-12-1989 Quc hi tuyn b gii th vo ngy 16-31990, v tng thng lm thi ban b vic bu c quc hi mi vo ngy 25-3-1990. Trong vng u bu c Quc hi ngy 25-3-1990, trong s 176 khu vc bu c c nhn ch trong 5 khu vc c kt qu ng ng v s gh bu. Trong cc cuc bu c theo danh sch ng v tr th nht l Din n Dn ch (24,73%), tip n l Lin minh Dn ch T do (21,39%), ng Tiu ch c lp (11.73%), ng XHCN (10,89%). S phiu ca Lin minh Dn ch Tr l 8,95%, ca ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio l 6,64%. ng CNXHCN (3,68%), ng X hi Dn ch (3,55%), Lin minh Nng nghip (3,13%), ng cc nh Doanh nghip (1,89%), Lin minh Bu c Yu nc (1,87%) v ng nhn dn (0,75%) khng t c gi tr ngng (l 4%). Ngy 2-5-1990 Quc hi mi hp phin u tin, thng qua chng trnh ca chnh ph, vi s lnh o ca th tng Antall Jzsef Chnh ph lin hip gm ba ng l Din n Dn ch Hungary, ng Tiu ch c lp v ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio hnh thnh v i vo hot ng. Ch dn ch thc s c thit lp v qu trnh chuyn i ho bnh, thi k qu chm dt. 5. Vi nhn xt S thay i ch theo ngha th ch chnh tr xy ra trong thi gian ngn, tin trin sun s khng c nhng tho hip gy cn tr hay lm mo m qu trnh v kt thc nhanh chng. N khc cc cuc cch mng ch, nhng ngi tham gia- c l rt ra c cc bi hc t kinh nghim 1956 - tt c mi ngi mun trnh bo lc. Trc ht khng phi l vic p tan cc nh ch ca ch c v thay vo cc nh ch hon ton mi, m ng hn l ci to cc nh ch c. N nhiu hn ci cch v
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DN NHP
t hn cch mng. Cch mng hp hin Hungary v ni dung l trit , bi v n thay i h thng: t chuyn ch sang nn dn ch. V hnh thc ng hn c tnh bo th, v mt mt trnh bo lc trong qu trnh ci to n ko nhng ngi ca ch c vo cuc, mt khc trong nhiu trng hp rt ru mi vo cc bnh c. Chnh v th n l cuc cch mng hp hin, bi v trng tm ca n khng phi l vic thay i nhng vic hng mt cch p buc, m l tho lun li bng l l. N cng hp php nh cch mng Hungary khng mu thng ba-thng t 1848, hay nh qu dn ch c nhiu ngi nhc n ca Ty Ban Nha. Cc cuc m phn bn trn v hnh thc c th din gii nh xy ra gia cc khun kh ca tranh lun x hi, c tin hnh theo cc quy nh ca ch c. Cc lc lng dn ch v cc nh lnh o ca ng cm quyn tun th cc quy nh hp hin ca ch chuyn ch thot khi ch chuyn ch. ng cng sn (ng CNXHCN, sau l ng XHCN) nhn thc c thi cuc, ch ng to iu kin cho s kin pht trin, tham gia tch cc vo qu trnh din bin ho bnh, v quan trng nht t thay i mnh. Tuy h tht bi trong chin thut nh nu trn, tht bi trong bu c ln u tin (ch c 10,89% phiu bu), nhng so vi i cc v mc tiu ban u ca h, h thng. H gi c ba quyn lc chnh ca mnh: quyn lc chnh tr; quyn lc kinh t; quyn lc vn ho. Tt nhin gi c ba quyn h phi nh i: t b c quyn. Cc quyn lc v chnh tr, kinh t, vn ho, m h vn c, th hin nh hng ca h n hot ng chnh tr, kinh t v vn ho Hungary. Hu nh tt c (tr cp lnh o chp bu) cn b nh nc, qun i, cng an vn nguyn nh c. Gii lnh o kinh t hoc vn lm vic c, hoc chuyn sang khu vc t nhn, hay lm cho cc t chc quc t. Trong lnh vc vn ho cng vy. khng c n p, tr th, sn ui, ci to hay truy cu trch nhim. Sau hai nhim k hot ng v th i lp trong quc hi, h li thng v ln cm quyn (t 1994-1998); nhim k tip h li tht bi, ri li thng v ln cm quyn t 2002 n nay. H tnh to c quyt nh t ph vo nm 1989. H phi cn nhc k lng gia hai s la chn: 1. c kh kh bm ly ch chuyn chnh (gi c quyn hon ton v chnh tr, quyn iu hnh kinh t v nh hng n vn ho- nhng phi i mt vi vic b mt
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vai tr lch s, mt sch v t nc c th lm vo ri ren); hay 2. t b c quyn, t thay i mnh, ch ng xc tin, tham gia vo din bin ho bnh chuyn t nc t ch c ti sang ch dn ch, gi cho t nc v x hi khi b ri ren- th vn c th gi c mt s quyn lc v chnh tr, kinh t v vn ho. H sng sut la chn phng n th hai. V quan trng nht l nhn dn Hungary thng. Cuc chi chnh tr, kinh t, vn ho l cc cuc chi m nu chi kho th tt c mi ngi u c th thng. Trc 1990 Hungary cha tng bao gi c nn dn ch (tuy trong cc nm 1945, 1946 c bu c t do, c hin php dn ch nhng cha tht s v khng ko di c lu). Mi lm nm tri qua v nn dn ch bn r chc Hungary. Cc t liu v ton b tin trnh din bin ho bnh ny c ghi chp y bng cc bin bn, cc bng ghi m v bng ghi hnh. Sau khi nn dn ch Hungary c cng c cc t liu ny c sp xp li v c cng b dng 8 cun sch c xut bn vo nm 1999 v 2000, v dng a CD, cha hng ngn trang bin bn ca tt c cc cuc hp ca Bn trn i lp, ca cc phin m phn Bn trn Dn tc, cc tho thun [c ca cc phin hp cp chuyn gia, cp trung v cc phin ton th], cc d tho lut, cng nh nhiu thng tin khc v bi cnh chnh tr kinh t ca thi . Chng ti khng th c tham vng dch ton b 8 cun sch ny. Chng ti tm tt li din tin ca ton b tin trnh bng dn nhp ny, bng la ra hai tho thun m cc bn k v ba bin bn cc cuc hp ton th, km theo bn ghi tm tt cng vic m phn ca tng ngy trong thi gian . Nh th chng tip theo trnh by ton b tho thun ngy 106-1989 v bt u cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc. Chng ba: bin bn phin ton th khai mc ngy 13-6-1989 Chng bn: bin bn phin m phn ton th ngy 21-6-1989 Chng nm: bin bn phin m phn ton th ngy 18-9-1989 Chng su: tho thun m cc bn k ngy 18-9-1989 Chng by: trnh t thi gian ca cc cuc m phn ch yu v cc din bin chnh t 10-1-1989 n 23-5-1990.
Tho thun v bt u cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc 10-6-1989

(Thng bo) Tho thun v bt u cc cuc m phn chnh tr thc cht I. S thot khi khng hong kinh t v chnh tr ging ln dn tc, cng nh s chuyn i dn ch cc quan h quyn lc lm cho i thoi ca tt c nhng t hp chnh tr chu trch nhim v tng lai tr thnh cn thit. Vic khc phc khng hong, vic to dng h thng a ng ch c th t c vi s tho thun ca cc lc lng dn ch. Tt c vic ny gi nh s ch ln nhau n cc li ch v cc n lc ca nhau, nh tho thun ca tt c nhng ngi tham gia, lng tin v s t kim ch. Vn mnh dn tc c th tr nn tt hn vi vic tn trng cc i hi ca s lp hin, vi vic kin quyt bc b bo lc. Li ch chung, rng chng ta gii quyt cc mu thun x hi theo cc chun mc c chp nhn chung ca vn ho chnh tr u chu, bng ng thun. Qu t h thng mt ng sang nn dn ch i din, vic thit lp nh nc php quyn c th thc hin c bng con ng bu c t do. Cc t chc i din hot ng tt, c hng lng tin ca nhn dn v mt chnh quyn vng chc, trc sau nh mt c th ngn cn s ln su ca khng hong x hi-kinh t. Qu ho bnh, hn na vic gii quyt cc cng thng kinh t v x hi c tch t ch c th c thc hin cng nhau, trong s tng tc vi nhau. Hng lot tm gng lch s bo hiu rng, vic gii quyt cc lo ngi chung c th t c ch bng tho thun. Trong qu trnh chuyn i kh khn v mu thun tt c cc t chc v phong tro x hi nn tham gia mt cch ngang hng nhau. Trn c s tt c cc s thc v cc mi quan h ny cc t chc to thnh Bn trn i lp, ng CNXHCN Hungary, cng nh on i biu chung tham gia cc cuc m phn ca Lin hip La chn Cnh T, Mt trn T quc, Lin minh Thanh nin Dn ch Hungary, Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng pht 17
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xt, Hi ng Ton quc Ph n Hungary, Hi Mnnich Ferenc v Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on, tuyn b nguyn vng ca h bt u cc cuc m phn chnh tr thc cht. Cc bn m phn ngang hng nhau chp nhn cc nguyn tc t chc sau lin quan n cc cuc tho lun: - nn tng ca quyn lc l nguyn l dn quyn; khng mt t chc no c th chim quyn ti cao lm ca ring mnh, khng c tuyn b mnh l ngi c u thc duy nht ca ch nhn dn, v khng th hn ch mt cch vi hin cc quyn chnh tr; - ch chung phi c th hin trong bu c t do, khng c cc rng buc trc, m kt qu bu c l bt buc vi tt c mi ngi, v khng c loi tr bt k t chc chnh tr no ph hp vi cc i hi ca hin php ra khi cc cuc bu c; - s m mang khi khng hong, s thc hin qu dn ch, vic gii quyt cc mu thun chnh tr ch c th din ra mt cch ho bnh, phi bo lc; khng t chc x hi no c quyn ch huy trc tip cc i v trang; - iu kin thnh cng ca cc cuc m phn chnh tr xy dng l s ghi nhn v tn trng cc li ch quc gia, cng nh cc li ch ca nhau, ngoi ra l lng tin ln nhau; - ch c cc iu kin c th chp nhn c ln nhau mi l c s cho s hp tc v cc tho thun; - trong vic xc nh a v php l ca nhng ngi v nhng bn tham gia cc cuc tho lun khng th chp nhn vic loi tr da trn nhng cn nhc chnh tr, tuy nhin phi ch n yu cu v kh nng hot ng; - mc ch ca cc cuc m phn l to ra cc tho thun chnh tr, m vi chng c th nh km cc d tho ca cc bin php nh nc cn thit v d tho cc quy nh lut, cng nh cc lp trng lin quan n thi hn t c chng; tuy vy bn thn cuc hi m khng thc hin cc chc nng cng lut trc tip; - trong thi gian hi m cc bn t kim ch cc bc n phng c th lm tht bi mc ch ca cc cuc m phn; vic lp php khng c i trc cc tho thun chnh tr; - trong [cc] t chc ca ring mnh, mi bn phi lm sao cc tho thun c chp nhn v cng phi i din trc cng chng, ngoi ra m bo mi cng c chnh tr sn c cho vic lm cho cc tho thun c hiu lc.
THO THUN 10-6-1989
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II. l. Trong cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr ba bn m phn tham gia vo vic hnh thnh cc tho thun chnh tr l: a) Bn trn i lp ( Hi hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre, Lin minh Dn ch Tr, ng Tiu ch-, Th u- v T sn c lp, ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio; Din n Dn ch Hungary; ng Nhn dn Hungary; ng X hi Dn ch nc Hungary; Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do; cng nh Lin on Dn ch cc Cng on c lp vi t cch quan st vin); b) ng Cng nhn X hi Ch ngha Hungary; c) Cc t chc v phong tro x hi di y: Lin hip La chn Cnh T; Mt trn T quc; Lin minh Thanh nin Dn ch Hungary; Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng pht xt; Hi ng Ton quc Ph n Hungary; Hi Mnnich Ferenc; v Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on. C ba bn tham gia m phn c hng cc quyn ging nhau trong qu trnh to ng thun. Mi bn c i din bi mt ngi pht ngn, ngi nhn danh bn m phn trnh by kin. S tham gia ca cc t chc v phong tro x hi c lit k im c), vo cc cuc m phn thc cht c Bn trn i lp chp nhn nh mt kin ngh tho hip trong qu trnh cc cng vic chun b, cc t chc v phong tro ny tuyn b ng h nh i thoi v tho thun c tnh xy dng ca ng CNXHCN v ca Bn trn i lp, v mun tr thnh phn tch cc ca qu trnh ny. Bn thn Bn trn i lp xc nh s thnh vin v c cu ca on i biu ca mnh. Cc t chc v phong tro x hi c lit k im c) t h quyt nh phng thc hip thng cc quan im gia h vi nhau, cng nh phng thc i din cho lp trng ca h. i din ca cc t chc tham gia c giy u nhim bng vn bn, cha c quyn lin quan n k kt cc tho thun na. Giy u quyn ca h c trnh cho ch to ca phin hp ton th.
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Bn th t ca bn m phn c dnh cho nhng ngi quan st. Nhng ngi quan st c th nu kin ca mnh bng vn bn cho ch to cuc m phn, ngi s thng bo cho cc bn m phn. 2. Cc bn m phn nu ra cc ch sau vo chng trnh ngh s: - xc nh cc nguyn tc v cc quy tc phc v cho vic thc hin qu chnh tr dn ch; - cc nhim v chin lc khc phc khng hong kinh t v x hi . Vic quyt nh cui cng ca mi ch da trn s quan tm l nhim v ca cc cuc m phn thc cht. 3. Th l v trnh t cng vic m phn hip thng chnh tr l nh sau: a) Hi m thc cht c tin hnh cc phin hp ton th v cc u ban. Phin ton th khai mc s din ra ngy 13-6-1989 (th ba) Phng Th sn ca Nh Quc hi. Ch tch Quc hi s ch to ton b phin hp. m bo thi gian pht biu ging nhau cho i din ca ba bn m phn. Trong phin ton th khai mc cc bn a ra tuyn b nh. V sau lp ra cc u ban cng tc. b) Cc u ban cng tc c lp ra theo cc ti ca chng trnh ngh s s chun b cc tho thun. Cc nguyn tc lin quan n cc phin ton th c p dng cho cng vic ca u ban. Mt s u ban cng tc c th lp ra cc tiu ban vi s tham gia ca cc chuyn gia. c) Vic chun b cc d tho quy nh php lut c tin hnh vi s li ko cc c quan chnh ph. Trong thi gian cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr cng c th tin hnh tranh lun x hi v cc d tho. Cc vn kin cui cng do phin hp ton th thng qua. Cc kin ngh do cc u ban cng tc son tho c a ra phin hp ton th, nu cc i din ca cc bn m phn k nhy vo kin ngh. Vn kin c thng qua do cc trng cc on i biu k, v sau lo liu n vic cng b chng. C bin
THO THUN 10-6-1989
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bn cho mi cuc hp, m c th a ra cng khai trong trng hp cc cuc m phn b t. d) Vic ra quyt nh da vo nguyn tc li ch ln nhau v ng thun. Nu vn c khc bit kin v vn ph no v bn m phn lin quan nh gi l n khng ng n bn cht ca tho thun, th c th c s ng thun. e) Cc phin ton th l cng khai vi bo ch. Cc u ban tuy vy lm vic kn. Phi m bo rng, cng lun thng xuyn nhn c thng bo v tin trnh cc cuc m phn mt cch c h thng. Cc bn i khi c th a ra thng bo chung cho Hng Thng tn Hungary. Thng bo ring ch c a ra, nu cc cuc m phn b t, hoc khi khng tho thun c v thng co chung. iu ny tuy vy khng ng chm n quyn ca cc bn, rng h tuyn b v ni dung cc vn ca chng trnh ngh s. f) Cc bn cho l cn thit rng, ngn sch nh nc chu cc chi ph lin quan n cc cuc m phn. Chi ph ny c th bao gm chi ph x l vn bn, sao chp, bu ph, chi ph t chc cc bui hp, cng nh th lao cho cc chuyn gia c ko vo lm vic. Budapest, 10-6-1989. i din cho ng CNXHCN Hungary: Fejti Gyrgy k. i din cho Bn trn i lp: Ztnyi Zsolt k. Hi Hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre Kvr Lszl k. Lin minh Dn ch Tr Hardi Pter k. ng Tiu ch-, Th u- v T sn c lp Szakolczai Gyrgy k ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio Slyom Lszl k Din n Dn ch Hungary Varga Csaba k ng Nhn dn Hungary
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Baranyai Tibor k ng X hi Dn ch nc Hungary Tlgyessy Pter k Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do Kernyi Imre k Lin on Dn ch cc Cng on c lp vi t cch quan st vin i din ca Lin hip La chn Cnh T, Mt trn T quc, Lin minh Thanh nin Dn ch Hungary, Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng pht xt, Hi ng Ton quc Ph n Hungary, Hi Mnnich Ferenc, v Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on: Kemny Csaba k Lin hip La chn Cnh T Kukorelli Istvn k Mt trn T quc Gyurcsny Ferenc k Lin minh Thanh nin Dn ch Hungary Kerekes Imre k Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng pht xt Sosn Dobos Mria Hi ng Ton quc Ph n Hungary Bernyi Ferenc k Hi Mnnich Ferenc Ksn Kovcs Magda k Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on Cc bo Magyar Nemzet; Npszabadsg, 12-6-1989.
Hi ngh ton th khai mc cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc 13/6/1989 (Vn bn ghi t bng hnh)
a im: Phng Th sn Nh Quc hi Nhng ngi tham gia: Szrs Mtys ch tch Quc hi V pha ng CNXHCN Hungary: Fejti Gyrgy Grsz Kroly Pozsgay Imre V pha Bn trn i lp: Antall Jzsef Din n Dn ch Hungary Bcskai Sndor ng X hi Dn ch Hungary Baranyai Tibor ng X hi Dn ch Hungary Boross Imre ng Tiu ch c lp Csoms Gyula Lin minh Dn ch cc Cng on c lp Domonkos Istvn Hi hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre Fodor Gbor Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr Fonydi Ilona Lin minh Dn ch cc Cng on c lp Fr Lajos Din n Dn ch Hungary Fzessy Tibor ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio Hardi Pter ng Tiu ch c lp Kernyi Imre Lin minh Dn ch cc Cng on c lp Keresztes Sndor ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio Knya Imre Lin minh Dn ch cc Cng on c lp Knya Lszl ng Nhn dn Hungary Kvr Lszl Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr Mrton Jnos ng Nhn dn Hungary Mcs Imre Lin minh Dn ch T do Morvay Lszl Hi hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre Orbn Viktor Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr Prepeliczay Istvn ng Tiu ch c lp Rvsz Andrs ng X hi Dn ch Hungary Szabad Gyrgy Din n Dn ch Hungary Szakolczai Gyrgy ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio Varga Csaba ng Nhn dn Hungary 23
24 Vigh Kroly Ztnyi Zsolt
Hi hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre Hi hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre V Bn m phn th Ba: Aggod Jzsef Hi Mnnich Ferenc Blint Attila Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on Bernyi Ferenc Hi Mnnich Ferenc Boldvai Lszl Lin minh Thanh nin Dn ch Hungary Csillag Lszl Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng Pht xt Hungary Drucker Gyrgy Lin hip La chn Cnh T Duschek Lajosn Hi Ph n Fazekas Sndorn Hi Ph n Hajdu Attila Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on Huszr Istvn Mt trn T quc Ispnovics Mrton Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng Pht xt Hungary Istvn Lajos Mt trn T quc Kemny Csaba Lin hip La chn Cnh T Ksn Kovcs Magda Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on Kukorelli Istvn Mt trn T quc Nagy Imre Lin minh Thanh nin Dn ch Hungary Rabi Bla Lin minh Thanh nin Dn ch Hungary Srkzi Sndor Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng Pht xt Hungary Sosn Dobos Mria Hi Ph n Szchy Andrs Hi Mnnich Ferenc Varjas Andrs Lin hip La chn Cnh T Szrs Mtys: Knh tha cc bn m phn, tha ng bo! Ti hn hoan cho mng tt c nhng ngi tham gia m phn. Ti cho mng tt c nhng ngi c mt trong thi im c bit ny, Phng Th sn ca Nh Quc hi. Theo tho thun c cc bn k kt ngy 10-6-1989 ti khai mc hi ngh, bt u cc cuc m phn ca cc ng, cc t chc, cc lc lng chnh tr v x hi ca nc Hungary ngy nay v mc ch chuyn i dn ch v s i mi su rng. Nhn dn Hungary, kiu dn Hungary khp th gii by gi ang mt n Nh Quc hi biu tng ca dn quyn Hungary.
PHIN KHAI MC TON TH 13-6-1989
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Tt c mi ngi vi s mong i nhn v cc cuc m phn Hung-Hung ang bt u, c th ng li mt thi i v m ra mt thi i mi, nu cc bn tm c cc gii php lm cho s phn dn tc tt ln, v i n tho thun. By gi s nh cc l ln, trch nhim ca cc qu v, cc i tc m phn, l ln. Ngn chn nguy c tai ho rnh rp chng ta, y chic xe t nc ra khi h su, trong h thng a ng cng ch cng nhau mi c th. Dn dt quc gia ln con ng tin b, dn ch, a quc gia ln tm chu u ch cng nhau, vi s n lc chung mi c th. Tng ng mt, theo tng phn v tng mng th khng. V vy ti chn thnh hi vng, thc trch nhim c v nhng ngi ngi cnh bn m phn lm tt c mi th theo tinh thn bnh ng, tn trng ln nhau v tin tng v s tho thun, v tho hip v ho gii dn tc, v s on kt. Cuc khng hong su sc ca t nc nhc nh cc qu v v trch nhim ca mnh. Chng ta sng nhng ngy khng d. Nhng cm gic bun phin lo lng khng th bp nght hi vng tip sc sng trong chng ta. Nhn dn chng ta mong i s ng vin t cc cuc m phn ca cc qu v trong tnh hnh kh khn ny. C th lm nh bt nhng ni lo u v cng thng gy ngt ngt i vi hng triu ngi, vi ch chung c th gii quyt c cc nhim v phc tp ca qu dn ch, kht vng ca tt c chng ta, k hoch v i cui th k hai mi ca chng ta, nc Hungary t do, dn ch c th tr thnh hin thc. Cc s kin tun ny cng hy nhc nh cc qu v v trch nhim ca mnh. Khi trong tinh thn cng bng lch s v chnh tr chng ta mai tng Nagy Imre v cc bn cng cnh ng ca ng. m phn v mai tng. Cc vt so hn su v nh ho gii ln nhau c trng cho nhng ngy ny. Cc qu v, cc bn m phn phi nu gng, phi chng minh trc dn tc Hungary, rng cc v khng ch mun ng li mt thi i v m ra thi i mi, m cng c kh nng lm vy. Cc v phi chng t, bit t b cch lm c, t b quyn lc ca mt s t, t b thc hnh quyn lc c tm nhn thin cn, t b nhng vic thanh ton [nhau], v sn sng ngay c trong cm gic ca mnh, vt ln trn nhng tham vng ca mnh, tho ra cc tho thun phc v cho li ch dn tc. Cc v hy nh ly nhng li sng sut v [vn mi] thi s ca Dek Ferenc:
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"C th mo him mi th v t quc, nhng i mo him t quc th khng bao gi c php." Knh tha cc bn m phn, ti thng bo, cc i din ca tt c cc ng, hay cc t chc k tho thun ngy 10-6 u c mt, h trnh vn bn u quyn ca h. Ngoi ra c mt nhng ngi quan st ca nhiu ng v t chc, nhng ngi khng th c tham gia vo cc cuc m phn, nhng h c th gi kin ca h, nhn xt ca h bng vn bn cho chng ti. Knh tha cc bn m phn, tha ng bo, sau y hy cho php ti nhng li cho trng on i biu, ngi pht ngn ca ng Cng nhn X hi Ch ngha Hungary (CNXHCN), Tng b th Grsz Kroly. Grsz Kroly: Cc qu b v cc qu ng, knh tha ng bo! Ngy nay, th gii phin mun ca chng ta khng c nhiu s kin gy hi vng. S lo s, hoi nghi lin quan n tng lai m nh nhiu ngi. Cng chnh v th cho php ti thay mt ng Cng nhn X hi Ch ngha Hungary cho mng nhng ngi c mt y vi nim tin v hi vng. Cho mng c nhng ngi, trong nc v nc ngoi trc mn nh truyn hnh, s l cc nhn chng ca s bt u cc cuc m phn chnh tr thc cht. Ai cng bit, trong qu trnh chun b c nhng khc bit quan im cn bn gia cc bn. Lin quan n phm vi nhng ngi tham gia, n chi tit cc vn cn m phn, do bn cht ca s vic, ngy nay s nht tr cng khng hon ton. Tuy vy trch nhim vi s phn ca dn tc v y l im quyt nh t ra mnh hn cc mu thun. Mi vi thng, trong hi ngh thng hai 1989 ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng Cng nhn X hi Ch ngha Hungary chng ti i n kt lun rng, chng ta cn tm qu ho bnh sang nn dn ch i din da trn c s h thng a ng, cng i hi s tranh ua ca cc ng. Quyt nh ny ca chng ti gp cc c gng chnh tr ca tt c nhng ngi, m i din ca h by gi ang ngi chung bn ny. V thnh cng ca s m trch ny chng ta chu trch nhim khng ch trc nhn dn Hungary, m c trc cng ng cc dn tc na. Cng lun ngy nay nhn vo s mnh ca th nghim ny vi nim hi vng, nhng cng vi lo u.
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T thng 5 nm 1988, t nc chng ta, ang ny n mt s chuyn i c tm c lch s. Tng bc, nhng vi nhp tng ln chng ta xa dn khi c cu quyn lc cn kit d tr ni ti, khng cn th sa i c na tng phn. Cc bc c tm c ln, tin hnh n nay ca ci cch chnh tr, nh m rng cc quyn cng dn, trong c quyn t do bo ch v quyn t do ngn lun bo hiu iu ny, s tng bng n ca s cc t chc chnh tr hay nh dt khot chng ta i mt mt cch thc tin vi cc s kin khng t khi au lng ca qu kh gn y. Khng thi phng, c th khng nh - d lun quc t cng ni v vic ny vi nh gi cao -, rng trong lnh vc ny trong mt nm chng ta lm nhiu hn hng thp k trc. Ti mun nhn mnh, chng ti khng mun phng i nhng kt qu t c n nay ca vic xy dng nh nc php quyn dn ch, cng khng mun chim lm ca ring mnh. Quan im ca chng ti l, bn cnh nhn thc mang tnh chnh tr thc tin ca ng Cng nhn X hi Ch ngha Hungary, c phn quan trng ca cc n lc mang tnh xy dng ca cc t chc v phong tro x hi, ca cc ng ang hnh thnh, m i din ca h c mt ti y. nh dt khot ca chng ti l, trong mi kha cnh chng ti xo b cc tn d ca m hnh stalin. ng CNXHCN, cng vi cc lc lng chnh tr khc, n lc xy dng nh nc php quyn dn ch v x hi ch ngha, th hin ch ca nhn dn. T cc bc ci cch kinh t v chnh tr da trn s ng thun chng ti mong i, rng s thnh cng thot ra khi khng hong kinh t, v thay cho vic b y ra ngoi vi vnh vin chng ta c th tin gn n cc khu vc pht trin nht ca th gii. Bn cnh cc gi tr ph qut ca ho bnh v ch ngha nhn o, chng ta tm kim cc gii php x hi ch ngha, v ng thi mang c sc Hungary. Chng ta tn trng cc ngha v lin minh ca mnh, ng thi chng ta c gng lm vic v mt Chu u khng c cc khi. Cng vic chung bt u by gi v nc Hungary tt nhin khng c ngha rng, trch nhim v khng hong kinh t v chnh tr hnh thnh cng l chung. ng Cng nhn X hi Ch ngha phi chu trch nhim v qu kh ca ng cm quyn, v phi, tm ra mt cch khch quan cc bi hc v thc hnh chnh tr qu kh
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ca mnh. Vic tm li s tht ny trc ht phi ng tin cy, bi v khng th nhng n gin ho trc kia c thay th bng mt ch ngha s lc, mt bnh cng thc ngc li, thuc loi khc. Nh vy phi lm r, ci no l ci chng ta nhn t di sn ca qu kh, v chng ta mun xo b ci no. Ti mun nhc nh rng, chnh ng chng ti khi xng s i cht nh vy vi qu kh gn. Chng ti khng th chp nhn s ph nhn hon ton bn mi nm qua v nhiu l do. Mt phn, khng, bi v bn thp k ny cn xa mi l mt thi k thng nht ca lch s Hungary. Ngy nay chng ta nghe nhiu v cc im y v cc bi kch ca n. Tuy nhin rt t hay hu nh khng ni g v vic l, khng c cc n lc ci cch ca cc thp nin qua, th c giai on c cht lng mi thng 5-1988 ln giai on by gi chng th xy ra. Cng cn phi thy rng, chnh sch ci cch tho hip, nhiu khi sp t ngc li, b hn ch cui cng t ra mnh hn cc lc ko li. Tuy khng lun c kh nng ph v cc chng ngi trong nc v quc t, ci cch vn tr thnh mt phn hu c ca cch suy ngh ca chng ta. V lng t trng dn tc cng cn n bc tranh lch s ng, ng tin cy. Nu xut pht v cc mc ch chnh tr hng ngy m chng ta ch ni v cc sai lm, v nhng k phm ti, th chng ta gy nguy him cho mi loi ny n, m mang, pht trin. Bi v cho s m mang th cn phi tin vo ngha hnh ng, v cng chng trnh c s lng l - chng ta hi vng v mun thnh cng. Vic lm r s tht mt cch khch quan khng ch i vi cc s kin chnh tr v cng lao ca cc nh hot ng x hi gy nhiu tranh ci hin nay, m cng phi m rng ra cc nguyn nhn ca khng hong kinh t na. Th d tnh trng n nn ca nc ta l mt di sn lch s, m hin nay mi th u lin quan n, v xc nh mi th. Khng th ph nhn l, cc quyt nh u t ti, nhng phng i tu tin v s tng trng kinh t ng vai tr khng nh vo s hnh thnh tnh hnh kh khn hin nay. Nhng cng gn vi s thc tuy vic ny khng lm nh bt tnh hnh ca chng ta -, rng tuyt i a s cc nc trn th gii cng vt ln vi nhng mi lo kinh t nghim trng, ging ca chng ta. Trong s c nhiu nc, ni khng phi ng cng sn nm
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quyn. Cng phi thy rng, cc nc tin hnh hin i ho v ti c cu kinh t thnh cng cng chp nhn hng lot xung t, pht trin gia nhng cng thng x hi. ng CNXHCN Hungary coi l quan trng, rng bit tt c iu ny nhng ngi tham gia hy m phn v cc vn chin lc kinh t. Bi v cc phng thc gii quyt cng vic chnh sch kinh t v chnh sch x hi tm di hn cng ph thuc vo vic thc hin cc ngha v quc t s cho php chnh tr phm vi di ng th no. thot khi tnh hnh kinh t nghim trng i hi s lnh o cng quyt v bu khng kh x hi khuyn khch hnh ng, ch chung. Thay cho chnh sch ci cch tru tng cn n nhng tho thun chuyn gia c cn c, n s tm kim tho hip chnh tr tho ra mt chin lc kinh t trin vng v mc ch n nh v s pht trin nng ng hn. V th ng CNXHCN Hungary thy l hp l, rng cc vn chin lc kinh t xut hin trong cc cuc m phn vi trng lng ging vi qu sang nh nc php quyn dn ch. V vn ny khng phi l nh trch nhim, mt vic ng no cng khng thc t, dn dt ng CNXHCN Hungary, m ng hn l s nhn thc, rng qu chnh tr ho bnh sang h thng a ng khng dn n bt n nh, khng dn n tnh trng nh nc v nn kinh t khng c kh nng hot ng, ch khi c s tho thun x hi v vic chia s gnh nng mt cch tho ng. Trong trng hp ngc li th phi i mt vi s leo thang ca nhng i hi vt cht hin nhin khng th tho mn ni. Cn l ca nhng i hi v nhng phn khng s lm t lit i sng t nc, gy nguy him cho n nh chnh tr rt cn thit cho phc hi kinh t. Nh th chng ta phi cn nhc thn trng, chng ta yu cu nhng hi sinh thm no t cc tng lp dn c, chng ta c th a ra mc m bo kinh t no v khng phi cc t hoa m cho s tin tng m chng ta yu cu t dn c. Knh tha hi ngh! Trong th gii phc tp v y ry cng thng ny chng bn no c th tnh n cc cuc m phn d dng. C th l, s tho thun khng tri ra tt c cc vn c nu ra trong chng trnh ngh s. Tuy vy ti cho rng, v nhng vn quan trng nht trong mi trng hp phi t s tho thun. t mc ch ny ng mong mi l trong cc cuc m phn hy nh xy dng hng ti gii quyt cc vn ,
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hng ti s tht, thng th. Tt hn chng ta hy cc tuyn b, cc cuc u khu sang thi k vn ng bu c. Th d ti khng cho l hu ch, nu chng ta tip tc tranh lun d l v hnh dng ca chic bn hay d l v v tr khc nhau ca cc bn m phn. Tho thun xc nh khung kh ca cc cuc m phn thc cht m mi ngi k - din t mt cch r rng: c ba bn tham m phn u c cc quyn ging nhau trong qu trnh hnh thnh ng thun. Rt ra t y l, i vi c ba bn cn tho ra cc nhng b c th chp nhn c, cc d nh thc tin cho h thng chnh tr v kinh t da trn cc nn tng mi c kh nng hot ng cng sm cng tt. Cc nhim v v cc nguyn tc lin quan n qu chnh tr dn ch t nhiu c phc ho. ng CNXHCN Hungary v th thng nht rng, cc t chc v lc ca nh nc hy ng xa cc cuc u tranh chnh tr hng ngy, v hot ng ca chng c cc lut iu chnh. Tuy vy hy ngh c v vic, to bu khng kh chng cc t chc v trang cha bao gi phc v cho qu ho bnh. ng CNXHCN Hungary ng h n lc ca cc ng, rng c cu h tng ph hp hy m bo cc iu kin tho ng cho hot ng chnh tr ca h. Trong trng hp cc lut quan trng nht lin quan n qu ho bnh th d nh lut ng, lut v To n Hin php, lut v thit lp th ch tng thng nc cng ho, cng nh lut quyn bu c - cng vic chun b kh tin trin. C l hp l i coi cc d lut c chun b v c a ra cng khai l c s cho m phn. Tt nhin bt c bn m phn no cng c th a ra cc kin ngh mi. Cc vn chin lc khc phc khng hong kinh t v x hi- nh x l n, ti c cu, v quan nim chnh sch vic lm lin quan vi vn ny, ci cch s hu, chnh sch chng lm pht, cc vn c bn ca chnh sch lng v chnh sch x hi- ch sau cng vic chun b thm mi c th hnh thnh vo chng trnh ngh s. S t cc l khng nh. Vi cc cuc m phn hin ang vo giai on mi v c bn cn to nn mng, cho sau cc cuc bu c chng ta c cng nhiu chng trnh c th cng gnh vc c. Bi v iu ny l iu kin cho vic hnh thnh mt chnh ph lin hip c kh nng hot ng, v chng ta c th trnh
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cho t nc Hungary b cht ngt trong i dng ca cc cuc chin ng nh nhen ca h thng a ng. V th phi tm ci gt kt, ch khng phi ci tch chng ta ra. Bi v ti tin rng, cc cuc m phn bt u by gi c th p mt lin hip c kh nng sng sau ny, mun hn cng c th l lin minh chnh tr. Ni dung ca vic ny c l hi sm xc nh. Vic tnh ton ng n cc li ch, cc lun cng tuy vy c th m bo tnh c kt qu ca s hp tc chnh tr. ng Cng nhn X hi Ch ngha Hungary khi hnh trn con ng, chuyn t mt ng-nh nc quan liu thnh mt ng ci cch x hi ch ngha cnh t. Th d n cho s phn bit theo nguyn l nng sut l l khn cp, nhng n cng ng h rng nhng s khc bit x hi khng l gii c bng nng sut hy mc va phi. N n lc n tnh hiu qu kinh t, nhng mun vic ny c tho thun vi s on kt x hi. N nu mc tiu l, s hu t nhn hy tc ng tch cc ln nng sut kinh t, nhng khng t b vai tr quyt nh ca s hu cng cng hot ng hu hiu. Nh mt nh lnh o dn ch x hi o ni ting din t, i vi chnh tr thc tin cng cn n mt cht tn tch khng tng, nu chng ta mun nhn c s ng h ca x hi. Ngy nay chng ta khng sng trong thi i ca nhng ngi khng tng. Nhng thi cc ngc li c l cng sai: nu bng cch t b cc gi tr lch s ca mnh chng ta ch tm kim li gii thc dng cho cc vn ca thi i chng ta. Nhng kinh nghim ca qu kh xa v gn cho thy, rng cc th nghim i mi ca cc nc x hi ch ngha tht bi ht ln ny n ln khc, c th dn n cc ng bi thm. Khng c php ln ln s thn trng, s tin ln c cn nhc vi ch ngha bo th. Cng hy ti trch dn Dek Ference, nh thng thi ca t nc chng ta, theo ng "s thn trng, cho d thi qu, lun lun ng ch ". Vic gi n nh nng ng ca t nc ta ti ngh- l li ch ni b, nhng ng thi cng l li ch quc t. Chnh v th ng CNXHCN Hungary kin ngh, rng trong cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr tt c nhng ngi ngi tham gia hy tm cc hnh thc hp tc xy dng. Trch nhim, nu khng phi v qu kh, v tng lai l trch nhim chung.
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Szrs Mtys: Cm n tuyn b nh ca Grsz Kroly, by gi n lt ngi pht ngn ca Bn trn i lp, dr. Knya Imre. Xin mi. Knya Imre: Knh tha ng ch tch, cc qu b v cc qu ng! Theo lut, nc Hungary l ca nhn dn t ngn nm nay. Chng thay i c vic ny ngay c s thc rng, trong qu trnh lch s ca n nhn dn t khi c phng thc , vi t cch ngi ch, vi t cch cng dn t do, nm ly ti sn ca mnh, tuy lc ny lc n th ly li ci l ca h. Bit r trch nhim lch s ca mnh v ph hp vi tho thun k vi ng CNXHCN Hungary chng ti, cc i biu ca cc t chc Bn trn i lp v th c mt ngy hm nay Nh Quc hi, bt u cc cuc m phn vi cc i din ca ng CNXHCN Hungary thc s nm quyn lc chnh tr v vi cc i biu ca cc t chc khc do h mi. Chng ti khng nh rng, mc ch ca cc cuc m phn l m bo cho qu ho bnh t mt h thng cai tr chuyn ch sang nn dn ch i din thc s lm cho ch ca nhn dn c hiu lc. Trong qu trnh cc cuc m phn khng phi chng ti mun chia chc quyn lc vi nhng ngi ch quyn lc hin ti. Chng ti khng mun d phn vo vic thc hnh quyn lc trn u nhn dn, m khng c s i hi ca nhn dn. Mc ch ca chng ti l, cc cng dn ca t nc chng ta c th quyt nh v quyt nh v vic, h u thc vic thi hnh quyn lc cho nhng ai, cho nhng lc lng chnh tr no, trong thi k ko t cc cuc bu c ny n cc cuc bu c kia. Gn hai th k, mi tro lu tin b Hungary xt cho cng u c tinh thn dn ch, t phi i lp ci cch n cc phong tro nhn dn, t nhng ngi cp tin qua cc phong tro cng nhn n dn ch thin cha gio. ng ca h c th b chn bi cc c quyn, cc cuc can thip t 1849 n 1956, bi s la o v bi bo lc. Ngi ta c th y li h, nhng khng th tiu dit c h, bi v h lun lun c th tm thy sc mnh t nhn dn khc khoi c t tr, v bi v h bit, h c chnh ngha. H bit rng, tng lai l ca dn ch. Chng ta, mt dn tc ht ln ny n ln khc b ch p bi s can thip hong , sa hong, chuyn ch, b [hip c] Trianon chia nm s by, b cc ch chuyn ch theo ch ngha hitler v ch ngha stalin lm
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khn kh, cho chng ta c th tn ti ni chung, chng ta c th m bo cc quyn con ngi, cng vic v bnh m cho mi cng dn, chnh quyn t tr cho dn tc, c lp cho t nc, chng ta cn phi tho thun v cc iu kin ca qu ho bnh sang ch dn ch. Nhng ai c mt nhn, c l tr phn xt, ngi phi nhn ra rng, khng ch tng lai l ca dn ch, m hin ti cng l ca n ri. Cc nhim v ca ba cuc cch mng Hungary cha hon tt by gi phi c chng ta hon thnh bng con ng ho bnh. Ngy 16-6 dn tc chng ta tng nh n mt th nghim ho hng cui cng nh vy. Cuc cch mng 1956 b qun i soviet nh bi, cc u ban dn tc ca chng ta, cc u ban cng nhn ca chng ta, cc ng va c phc hi ca chng ta b phn ng trong nc gii tn. S khng b v bo th tip theo sau c mc cha tng c trong lch s cn i ca chng ta. Sau ngi ta cho nhn dn b lm cho hong s, b mt ht hi vng vi mu vn nh ca b th. Trong lnh vc t nhn ngi ta cng nhn quyn t do nht nh v cho php mt cch ho phng, rng ngi dn bng cch t bc lt mnh hy to ra cc iu kin c th chu ng c cho chnh mnh. Chng ta ch c th tm thy s hnh phc ca ring mnh vi t cch thn dn l thuc, chng ta khng th tham gia, ni xen vo vic hnh thnh s phn chung ca chng ta vi t cch cng dn c trch nhim. Vic iu hnh t nc l ca quyn lc ti thng ton nng. Mt nhm quyn lc elit hp gii quyt cc cng vic chung ca chng ta nh vic ring. Kt qu ai cng bit: nn kinh t khng c kh nng cnh tranh, x hi khng c kh nng hot ng, s bn cng hng lot, o c suy i. Khng hong l khng hong ca h thng, chm dt n bn trong c cu quyn lc hin ti l khng th. Sau ba mi nm t lit cui cng x hi chng ta ln ting. S xut hin ca cc t chc c lp v cc cuc vn ng tm c ln bo hiu rng, x hi mun nm ly s phn ca mnh. Thc y vic ny khng ch l trch nhim o c ca chng ta, m l li ch chung ca tt c chng ta, thm ch ngy nay, nhiu ngi tin rng, l iu kin c bn cho s tn ti ca dn tc. Hnh thc c th, ng tin cy th hin lin tc ch ca nhn dn l nn dn ch i din. Phng php to ra n l bu c t do.
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Chng ti tin tng rng, bu c t do khng ch c th dn n s i mi quan trng ca i sng x hi v hot ng chnh tr, m tm quan trng to thnh s phn ca n l c th trong lch s ca dn tc chng ta. Phi nghi nhn rng, ch c th t chc cc cuc bu c t do trong mt x hi c gii phng khi nhng ni s hi v s hoi nghi. xo tan s hi v hoi nghi cn thi gian. Vic mai tng cc lit s cch mng v s khi ng cc cuc m phn ny c th l khi u ca s ho gii dn tc, nhng ch c s mai tng h thng quyn lc c ti mi c th mang li s ho gii dn tc thc s. M vic ny ch c th xy ra bng con ng phi chnh tr ho cc t chc v lc v bu c t do. V th chng ti mun i vo cc cuc m phn vi nhng ngi ch ca quyn lc trn c s cc nguyn tc sau. C s ca quyn lc l nguyn l dn quyn. Quyn ti cao khng mt lc lng chnh tr duy nht no c th chim lm ca ring, v khng th tuyn b mnh l ngi c u thc ca ch nhn dn. ch nhn dn phi c th hin trong cc cuc bu c t do, c kt qu cng khai, m khng th loi tr bt c ng v t chc chnh tr no chp nhn cc nguyn l dn ch v t chi s dng cc cng c bo lc. Cho n khi ch chnh tr ca x hi cha c th hin bng bu cc i biu quc hi, trc lc ng nn c cc cuc bu c c tm quan trng ton quc, th d nh bu tng thng, hay bu chnh quyn a phng. Quyn lc bt buc phi cng nhn kt qu ca cc cuc bu c t do, v sau khng c dng bt c cng c no mu toan gi mo [kt qu]. Mt phe i lp mnh quc hi l nh ch c bn ca mi nn dn ch hot ng, lm i trng vi hot ng ca chnh ph. Khng ng hay t chc chnh tr duy nht no c th c i v trang ring ca mnh. Cc ng v cc t chc chnh tr khng th to nh hng thng qua cc thnh vin ca mnh ln hot ng ca cc t chc v trang. gii quyt cc xung t chnh tr khng c s dng cc lc lng v trang v bt c c g. Cng ch mc ngn chn bo lc mi c php ng u mt cch hp hin chng li bo lc. T b bo lc l khng , phi loi tr kh nng bo lc. Phi gii tn lc lng t v cng nhn, phi a cnh st chnh tr vo cc gii hn, phi a cng an gn gia trt t cng
35
cng di s ch huy ca cc chnh quyn t qun a phng, phi a vic s dng v kh di s kim sot cng khai. Ch nh vy mi chm dt c s s hi vn n np trong nhng ngi dn, ch nh vy th a s - khng yn lng, m b bt ming - mi c th tr thnh cng ng ca cc cng dn quan tm n chnh tr. Chng ti, cc t chc to thnh Bn trn i lp, thy mc ch ca cc cuc m phn trong vic iu chnh s xut hin trn v i chnh tr v s i chi ca ca cc nhn t chnh tr. Trong khi ngay by gi chng ti sn sng lm mi th, nhng th thc s tu thuc vo chng ti, tm cc gii php cho cc xung t do khng hong gy ra, nhng chng ti khng th gnh vc trch nhim xo b s ph sn cho n cc cuc bu c, bi v cc t chc i lp - vi t cch i lp - ch c th kim tra v mong mun nhng ngi, cm li t nc ny 40 nm nay v dn n y. Chng ti hiu r rng, nn kinh t trong tnh trng sp v chn vi s phn ca hng ngn ngi mi ngy. Cho h, tc l cho chng ti, khng li m dn x hi no c th gip . iu kin tin quyt ca s chn ng sp kinh t l s thay i h thng chnh tr. Cui cng chng ti khng nh mt cch nhn mnh: cc t chc ca Bn trn i lp khng ngi vo bn m phn rc mt phn quyn lc ra cho chnh h, m to ra tnh hnh trong nhn dn ginh li c quyn lc cho chnh mnh, khng phi bng v lc, m bng cc cng c ho bnh. Nc Hungary l ti sn ca nhn dn, nh th khng cn ginh li bng v lc ci, ng no cng l ca h. Ch cn ngng cao u, t t chc mnh v vi thc thch hp nm ly t nc, t quc ca chnh mnh. Szrs Mtys: Cc qu b v cc qu ng, ti cm n dr. Knya Imre trnh by tuyn b nh thay mt Bn trn i lp. By gi ti nhng li cho ngi pht ngn ca cc t chc v phong tro x hi c lit k nh Bn m phn th Ba trong tho thun, dr. Kukorelli Istvn. Kukorelli Istvn: Knh tha ng ch tch, knh tha cc i tc chnh tr! Chng ti l nhng ngi xut v l nhng ngi m nhn bn trn ny ngy hm nay, m hy th nhn, thnh ra hi c gc cnh. Tm quan trng ca n d sao vn ln t quan im pht trin x hi ho bnh.
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Tho c m chng ti cng k l kt qu ca cc tho hip c i c li v tnh to. Vi cc tho hip ny, vi vic ai ngi u, chng ta khng th to ra cc o tng, khng th nh la c d lun ang ch n chng ta. Ba bn ny biu l nhiu th, nhng cng che i nhiu th. Khng phi tranh ci vic i cht ca phe i lp v chnh quyn. Trong tng lai dn ch kh c th hnh dung c m khng c phe i lp c bo v bi cc quyn thiu s. Chc chn, pha i lp v trong trng hp ca mt vi t chc x hi khc thiu h tng kinh t, m vic to ra n l nhim v ca cc cuc m phn ca chng ta v ca chnh quyn, vic cng c chng ti thc gic. ng thi chng ta phi tha nhn rng, vi trnh t hp ny chng ta khng c kh nng din t nhiu ng gy quan trng ca x hi. Ch nhc n vi ng gy: t nc bt u b tch ra lm i, thnh nhng ngi hot ng x hi ang t chc thnh cc ng, thnh ci gi l elit v nhng ngi khng mun lp b ng; thnh nhng ngi mnh v vn v nhng ngi ngho. Cc mu thun x hi khc cng cng thng su sc. Nhng cng thng ny chng ta phi cng nhau chu, v vic ny v li chng ta cng c th lm c, bi v [i din cho] cc lt ct ngang ca x hi chng ta cng c mt bn bn trn. Cc t chc chim ch bn th ba khng mun to ra b ngoi thng nht. i din cho li ch ca cc thnh vin ca mnh h hin din vi t cch cc t chc chnh tr c lp, tu thuc vo chng trnh ngh s c th h hnh thnh lp trng ca mnh mt cch t ch. Ti bit r, t ngi thy ng nt chung trong i va t tp li vi nhau ny, mun hin din vi t cch lc lng c lp trong cc cuc m phn. Chng ti khng giu gim rng, chng ti khng l mt on i biu thng nht, nhng chng ti c v s c khoan dung cao i vi nhau. Chng ti cng mong mun iu ny cho on i biu thng nht. Ci gn chng ti li l, tt c chng ti u quan tm n vic khc phc khng hong x hi-kinh t. im chung ca cc t chc x hi ngi bn th ba cn l, mc tiu hng u ca chng ti khng phi cuc u tranh c phn trong cng quyn, m ng hn nhiu l th d bo v li ch, to cng ng. Cc t chc ny khng ch suy ngh v chnh sch
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ln. Mc tiu c cam kt ca chng ti l ng ln chng nhng k qu khch, gn gi s cn bng ca trung tm x hi. Phn ln cc t chc ca Bn th Ba c gnh nng chung l vai tr bn ng hnh thc nhn lm trong c cu quyn lc c. V th nhiu ngi mun xp on i biu chng ti ngi sang bn ca ng CNXHCN. Nhng kin ny khng ch n nhng thnh qu ca thi gian tin nhanh, n s thc rng, xy ra dch chuyn quan trng trong c cu quyn lc. S ch o nht nht ca ng i vi cc t chc ca chng ti v mt th ch chm dt. Cc t chc ca chng ti trong tng lai cng s khng th vi ng phi, nhng hc t qu kh, khng mun hot ng di s thng tr ring ca bt c ng chnh tr duy nht no. Hy ghi nhn, trong cc t chc ny, tuy t l c khc nhau, nhng c cc nh ci cch c uy tn hot ng. V cng sai c l l cch tip cn rng, y nhng ngi tn thnh dn ch ngi i din vi nhng ngi phn i dn ch. Chng ti mun ch ra rng, trong on i biu ca chng ti c kh ng ngi ngoi ng, chnh xc hn, ngoi cc ng. Qu ho bnh, s pht trin hu c khng th thc hin c ch trn c s tabula rasa [xo sch v lm li t u]. Thnh t hu c ca qu l s i mi ca cc t chc x hi, m v chng x hi c nhu cu. Ci m bo cho thnh cng ca bn trn chng ta l, hy ng tranh ci v tnh chnh ng ca nhau, v tnh chnh ng ca tt c chng ta u gy nhiu tranh ci. Cu hi ca tng lai, l lch s xc minh li cho ai v loi ai ra. V pha mnh chng ti khng mun ci v vi cc c nh vy, chng ti chp nhn rng, y tt c mi ngi vi t cch i tc m phn c y quyn v chng ta i din cho mng ln mng nh ca x hi. S tn ti ca c s x hi l vn quan trng nht ca tnh chnh trc v tnh xc thc ca mi t chc chnh tr. Theo quan im ca chng ti ci g l nhim v quan trng nht ca cc cuc m phn ca chng ta? l, chng ta gt b cc cm by lch s, nhc ln v g cc qu mn nm trc qu sang h thng a ng, nn dn ch i din, nh nc php quyn. Vic g mn ai cng bit khng th lm trong trng thi thn kinh b phin mun. ang ni v cc cm by no? Trong mi trng hp c th coi vic ra quyt nh lp php ngy nay l nh vy. Chng ta sng
38
trong nm ca vic thit lp nh nc php quyn, vic lp hin php, cc c quan chuyn mn xut chng rao bn cc d tho lut quan trng hn c nhng ci quan trng hn. Chnh quyn lm vic, thc hin cng vic ca mnh. Chng ta cng cn tng s vng quay, bi v thiu kha cnh chnh sch x hi ca vic to nn mng ca cc lut, s ng thun chnh tr. Trong tho c chng ta khng nh: vic lm lut khng c i trc cc tho thun chnh tr. Chng ti ng , v kin ngh: cc d lut c cng b, th d nh lut ng, ch sau khi c cc cc tho thun th Quc hi mi a vo chng trnh ngh s. Thay cho vic cm quyn bng sc lnh, nc Hungary cn lut php ng thun, s thng tr ca cc lut l c im c bn nht ca nh nc php quyn. Chng ta mun y nhanh vic xy dng cc h thng cc mi quan h hp php trong mi lnh vc, bi v iu ny c ngha l s m bo thc s chng li s lm dng quyn lc, chng li s sp xp li nh c th xy ra. Chng ta khuyn khch cc u ban do chng ta lp ra lm vic nhanh v hiu qu, v chng ta hy loi s ph ri, cc cuc u tranh chnh tr ng phi ch k khi cc cuc hi ngh ton th quyt nh v cc vn kin. Cui qu trnh lm lut l vic chp nhn hin php mi, m theo quan im ca chng ti sau cc cuc bu c Quc hi mi s nhm hp v phi quyt nh. Hiu bit qu , t nc cn khng phi mt hin php gii quyt khng hong. Vic lp hin y c th c thc hin, nu bc ngot chnh tr khng b v, v cc vn tranh ci nht ca quan nim hin php trong cc cuc tranh lun ca chng ta c lm r. Th d nh: ai l ch th lp hin, ai c quyn ti cao, ai l ch t nc ny? Ci by th hai, rng s chp nhn x hi ca cc c quan chnh quyn, ca Quc hi c nhim v iu khin x hi, b tranh ci. Trong khi cho n cc cuc bu c cc c quan thng b ch trch ny phi a ra cc quyt nh kinh t v chnh tr v cng quan trng. Li ch ca x hi l, cho n cc cuc bu c hy ng a t nc n tnh trng khng th ch huy ni, m hy gip cc xu hng ci cch, c bin son trong ngi nh ny, ni chng ta l khch by gi. Hy gip lm sch khun mt ca cc c quan cng quyn trong nm lp hin ny. Cc t chc ca Bn th Ba bc b khng phi s ph bnh chnh ng i vi cc bin php hp tp ca chnh quyn v thi
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ca mt s nh chnh tr, m bc b quan im ph phn xut pht t cc gi tr v khun mu tru tng, ch khng xut pht t h thng x hi tht. Cng vic ca Quc hi c th c ci thin cho n cc cuc bu c vi s ng h x hi. nhng ni c i biu t chc - vi s chm dt c th ca gh i biu d b - i din ca cc ng mi cng c th xut hin trong tnh th cnh tranh. Chng ti bit r, tm trng [ngi] kuruc * ng tr trong lch s chng ta. Nhng l o tng i i qu sang h thng a ng s t ng cha tr ngay c cc bnh tt x hi v kinh t ca chng ta. Trong trng hp cc lc lng chnh tr ang gia nhp m li i t chi x l khng hong khng do h gy ra, th chng ta li cho con chu chng ta gnh nng cn ln hn. Cm by th ba l thiu kh nng tip nhn x hi, s tn ti ca a s thm lng hay b bt ming c nhc n nhiu hin nay. Ti chic bn ny nhiu nht h cng ch hin din vi t cch nhng ngi quan st danh d, gi khong cch m thi. Theo mt kt qu hay ng hn khng c kt qu ca bu c gn y con s ny l gn su mi phn trm. nc ta bn cnh s thiu lng tin l s thiu hiu bit khng l, kh nh hng trong s cng khai xung chng ta t mt nm nay. y l khng hong tr tu, chng ta bit r, l hu qu ca chnh sch tng cho gio dc, vn ho v khoa hc nh ng phi sn xut. Vic thay i chnh sch ny l trch nhim ca chnh quyn. Cn trch nhim ca chng ta -gia nhng th khc-, l hp tc trong vic hnh thnh chnh sch ny, chng ta hy th lm trung gian chuyn ti cc li ch thc ca cng dn. Chng ta c phn s truyn t c s thc rng, cc cuc ci cch chnh tr v kinh t khng c ngha l trong v tin ngy mai s c ngay thu nhp. t nc trn ngp cc cng lnh ton quc v a phng hay hn c cc cng lnh hay, chng trnh ca th tng cng c tip nhn tch cc. nc ta hin nay s tm thng lch s l ln: khng mt cng lnh no c th thnh cng m khng c s ng
kuruc ban u c ngha l nhng ngi tham gia Thp t chinh, ri n nm 1514 ch nhng ngi tham gia khi ngha ca Dzsa Gyrgy Hungary, ri cui cng gia 1671 v 1711 ch nhng ngi khi ngha c v trang chng li Hapsburg.
*
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h x hi, m khng c lng tin. Cn nhn thng cng khai vo tnh hnh x hi-kinh t ca chng ta. Tt c cc t chc chnh tr- k c cc t chc nhn l m dn x hi na- u nhm vo a s thm lng. Trch nhim chung l ln, rng ai s ginh c h. Chng ta hi vng rng, li con ngi chn thnh, xc thc vn c t sng t nc ny. Bn cnh vic ngn chn cm by, nhim v v trch nhim ca bn m phn ca chng ta l sao cho qu ho bnh vn tn ti. Mt mt chng ta phi bc b mi cng c v nh ch u tranh chnh tr trc tip trong cng lun, v c trong cc lut s c xy dng. Mt khc phi xy dng cc nhn t n nh chnh tr v kinh t. Ci lm n nh kinh t th d c th l s phn chia u hn gnh nng cng, mt m bo chnh tr nh vy v iu ny ti ch c th ni thay mt mt vi t chc l vic bu tng thng nc cng ho trc c cc cuc bu c quc hi. Bn th Ba ng rng, c hai ch chnh trong chng trnh ngh s ca chng ta, c th l xc nh cc quy tc v cc nguyn l phc v cho vic thc hin qu chnh tr dn ch, cng nh cc nhim v chin lc khc phc khng hong kinh t-x hi. V pha chng ta c l l s phn vai sai, nu by gi chng ta a ra chin lc kinh t v chnh tr tm chng trnh ca chnh ph. Trong phin khai mc ton th y khng phi l nhim v ca chng ta, m l chng ta trnh by nh hp tc v m phn ca chng ta trc cng chng. V thi gian biu ti y v by gi do thiu chun b ph hp cng chng th i din cho lp trng chung, nhiu nht l cc qu trnh ci cch chnh tr v kinh t l khng th tch khi nhau. Tuy nhin chng ti mun khng nh, phn ln cc t chc bn th ba c hnh dung c a ra cng khai ca mnh, bt lun v chnh sch kinh t nn theo, hay v mt s ci cch chnh tr. Bn trn ca chng ta l biu tng ca s bt u qu trnh m phn. Chng ti xut vic hnh thnh cc din n, cc bn trn tng t cng nhau mc cc cng ng a phng. Nu cng vic c bt u nhiu ni ny khng c tip tc hay khng c thc hin, cng vic ca chng ta cn li l i thoi ca cc elit. C th rt ra t cc tuyn b nh c nu l, nhng d dt i vi nhau ca chng ta ang gim dn. C nhn ti cho mt kt
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qu quan trng nht ca bui khai mc ny l, s s hi c gii to, m khng nn dn ch no c th sng chung vi. Tht thoi mi khng nh iu ny trc 16-6. Bn th Ba chp nhn cc iu kin m phn, s tun th cc quy tc th l. Chng ti mong s chun b, tnh kin nhn v trch nhim i vi cc cuc m phn ca chng ta- m chng ta hi vng c th hp nht cc c hnh dn ch v yu nc. Szrs Mtys: Knh tha cc bn m phn, cc qu b v cc qu ng. Ti cng cm n tuyn b nh ca Kukorelli Istvn nhn danh Bn th Ba. Ti ngh, trn c s nhng iu va ni, i vi tt c cc bn m phn v c bn r c th hon ton r -, rng v cc vn no ng mong mi l trong nhng ngy ti, cc tun ti cc lp trng n gn nhau hn, may ra t c tho thun, ng thun trc cng chng nc ta. Tt nhin cng hin ra cc lp trng, cc kin t cc tuyn b nh, trong tt nhin phn nh nhng khc bit quan im. iu ny c th coi l tht s t nhin vo lc u ca chui m phn. Trn c s u quyn ca cc bn m phn ti thng bo, rng theo cc tho thun s b cuc hp ton th s din ra vo 17 gi ngy 21-6-1989, cng Phng Th sn ca Nh Quc hi, khi c th t tho thun c th v xc nh cc ch m phn, sau v chnh xc ho n, v s cc u ban cng tc, cng nh v cc mc m phn. Trong thi k ti cng vic chuyn gia s tip tc, v trong khun kh ny c th lm r mi vn lin quan n cc bn m phn. i vi cng vic ny v phn mnh - tip nhn vic ch to nh mt vinh d - ti chc tt c cc bn m phn v cc chuyn gia s kin nhn, thnh cng, s tho thun cng sm cng tt v li ch ca dn tc, ca t nc, v ti tuyn b kt thc cuc hp ton th hm nay. Ti cm n s tham gia trong cuc hp ton th u tin v trn trng mong tt c mi ngi vo 17 gi ngy 21-6 phng ny. Tm bit, xin cm n. Phn li ca video do Fekete Doboz quay. Kho t liu ca Fekete Doboz, EKA-NKA cc bn thu, cun bng s 18. sz., 15.
Hi ngh ton th cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc 21/6/1989 (Bin bn)
Bin bn v cuc m phn th hai ca cc on i biu ng CNXHCN Hungary, Bn trn i lp, cng nh cc t chc v phong tro x hi, ti Phng Th sn ca Nh Quc hi, 17 gi, th t, ngy 216-1989. Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Tha cc qu B, qu ng! Tha cc bn m phn! Tun qua ti c th khng nh m khng h cng iu - c nc ch theo di phin hp ton th th nht v cc cuc m phn chuyn gia tip sau ca cc bn m phn Bn trn i lp, ng CNXHCN v bn m phn th ba gm cc t chc v phong tro khc nhau cng nh tin tc v cc cuc m phn . Trong tinh thn ho gii dn tc chng ta mai tng Nagy Imre v cc bn cng cnh ng ca ng, mt vic lm cho nn chnh tr ca chng ta, nhng ch yu dn tc chng ta mnh ln v o c. S thc rng ba bn m phn tip tc cng vic ca mnh hm nay trong phin hp ton th, cng nh s nhng ngi hin din vi t cch quan st vin cng tng ln, chng t, tt c mi ngi u thc c v trch nhim ln n th no i vi t nc, i vi dn tc. Ai cng bit, ti triu tp k hp Quc hi vo ngy 27/7 tho lun v tt nhin quyt nh cc d lut c chun b v cc trnh khc. Lin quan n cc cuc hp nhm i din v cc cuc hp chuyn gia din ra nhng ngy qua ti mun cho cc bn m phn bit rng, cc i biu quc hi cng ht sc ch n cc cuc m phn ca cc v. Ti ngh, cng c th mong i cc bn m phn rng, cc i biu quc hi c th c bit kp thi mc su cn thit v kt qu v cc gi thit ca cc cuc m phn h c th hnh thnh kin lin quan ca h. Vic phi hp cc cuc m phn hip 42
PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989
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thng chnh tr v cng vic quc hi c tm quan trng c bn i vi tt c mi ngi. Cc i biu quc hi thc c rng, cc cuc m phn ba bn c th cung cp phn ln hu trng x hi v chnh tr cho cc quyt nh ca h. Trong tnh hnh hin nay chng ta khng c thi gian ph phm, nhng hp tp, vi v, khng suy ngh chn chn cng khng th l nguyn tc ch o ca chng ta. Chnh v vy, khi ti yu cu cc ngi rng, mc tiu hy l tip tc thnh cng v kt thc thnh cng cng sm cng tt cc cuc m phn, ti ng vi nhng ngi cho rng, nhng cng thng v mi lo tch t trong x hi rt rc ri, phc tp n mc gii quyt chng khng ch cn sc lc chung, m i khi cn nhiu thi gian v kin nhn. i hi c v mu thun nhau v thi gian cp bch v ra quyt nh c c s dng nh c th gii quyt c, nu cc cuc m phn cc u ban, cc cuc tho lun chuyn gia c tin hnh vi cng c bit. Tha cc bn m phn! Trong vi tun t phin hp ton th u tin cc chuyn gia ca cc bn m phn tho thun v ch chi tit chnh xc, v cc mc m phn, v c cc u ban cng tc, cng nh mi nhng ngi quan st. Ti mun gii thiu nhm ch u tin. Trong khun kh cc m phn chnh tr thc cht l. nhim v l xc nh cc nguyn tc v quy tc phc v cho vic thc hin qu chnh tr dn ch. Th nht: cc khon nng hi ca sa i hin php, cc vn ca nh ch tng thng nc cng ho v To n Hin php; th hai: iu chnh php l s hot ng ca cc ng chnh tr; th ba: cc vn lin quan n cc cuc bu c, cc lut quyn bu c; th t: cc nguyn tc sa i B Lut Hnh s v B Lut T tng Hnh s; th nm: cc vn thng bo v thng tin, lut [cp] thng tin mi; th su: to nhng m bo php l loi tr cc gii php bo lc.
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2. V cc nhim v chin lc i ph vi khng hong x hi v kinh t th nht: cc vn chin lc gii quyt khng hong kinh t (n, chuyn i c cu, lm pht, v.v.); th hai: cc hu qu x hi v cc phng thc gii quyt khng hong kinh t; th ba: ci cch s hu, c bit lu n chuyn i ti sn nh nc; th t: cc vn s hu t ai v lut hp tc x; th nm: ci cch ngn sch v lut ngn sch nh nc; th su: quyn cnh tranh v iu chnh chng c quyn, d b cc cn tr php l i vi kinh doanh. Vic xc nh cc vn ph trong ni b mi nhm ch , chnh xc ho cc ch c chp thun- nu din tin m phn i hi- l nhim v ca cc u ban. Bt u ngay m phn thc cht cc ti c nu tip sau phin hp ton th ny. Cn c vo tnh khn cp ca cc ch th nht, th hai v th ba, c ba bn u cho vic thc hin cng vic vi nhp tng tc l c l. Trong nhm ch th hai. Cc cuc m phn xy ra ba mc: ti phin hp ton th ni chung c cc chc nng tuyn b, chnh tr; hai u ban c lp ra ph hp vi hai nhm ch , ni m ra kh nng iu phi cng vic chuyn gia v gii quyt cc vn ny sinh bng cc cng c chnh tr; trong cc ban cng tc c lp theo cc ti, ni to khung kh cho cng vic chuyn gia. Cc on m phn ngy hm nay c ra hai u ban v ng thi u quyn cho h lp cc ban cng tc. V nhm ch th ba, cc bn xc nhn mun m hn cc cuc hp ton th cho nhng ngi quan st. Nhng quan trng l, khi mi nhng ngi quan st cn theo cc quan im sau: - c hot ng tht s, c chng trnh chnh tr c cng b, ngoi ra - hot ng vi t cch mt t chc ton quc, - ch tch cuc hp ton th chp nhn ng k ca cc t chc khng c on m phn no i din. Ngn y v s tho thun.
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Tha cc bn m phn! By gi chng ta chuyn sang cc pht biu, tuyn b lin quan n cc nguyn tc thc hin qu chnh tr dn ch. u tin xin nhng li cho Pozsgay Imre, ngi pht ngn c ch nh v vn ny ca ng CNXHCN Hungary. Ti chuyn li cho Pozsgay Imre. Pozsgay Imre: Tha Ngi Ch tch! cc Qu B qu ng! i din cho ng CNXHCN ti vui mng xc nhn rng, do kt qu ca cc cuc m phn tin hnh trong gii chuyn gia chng ta c th hp phin ton th. Trong phin hp ton th ny chng ta c th chng t rng, c nh chung a cng vic, s nghip ca chng ta ln pha trc. Cc tho thun c ng ch tch nhc n cho php tuyn b iu ny. Ti cng mun ni, ng gn vi im m ch tch va nhc, rng ph hp vi tho thun s b ng CNXHCN tun theo tho thun rng, cc hot ng lp php khng th din ra v khng th xy ra cho n khi, tho thun chnh tr trc cha xy ra. Ph hp vi iu ny v ng thi nhc ti nh s xc nhn, kin ngh trn c s lng tin, bn thn ti cng ghi nh rng, trong k hp quc hi bt u ngy 27 chng ti khng kin ngh chnh ph trnh cc d lut buc ti ra trc Quc hi. Ti n thng bo ny vi cc i tc m phn ca chng ti v ng thi ti cng mun trnh by nh li ku gi hp tc. Lin quan n cc vai tr thit lp nc Hungary dn ch, ti mun thng bo vi cc i tc m phn ca chng ti v lp trng ca ng CNXHCN. Chng ti c gng ti mt ch chnh tr, trong nguyn chnh tr ny sinh t cng dn, mt x hi cng dn c cc nh ch ng tin cy da vo sng kin t di ln thc hin nguyn ny. Ph hp vi vn ho chnh tr chu u v nhng kinh nghim th k hai mi, chnh v th ng CNXHCN chp nhn h thng bu c da trn cc cuc bu c t do, h thng by t mong mun, nguyn ny ca cng dn trong cc cuc tranh u ca cc ng, nh mt hnh thc- v l hnh thc thch hp- biu l mun ny ca cng dn. Rt ra tt c cc cc hu qu ca vic ny lin quan c n thc hnh chnh tr n nay ca ring ng, hu qu ch yu nht, nh c nu trong tuyn b nh bui m phn u tin, l t b phng thc thc hnh quyn lc c
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quyn ny sinh t s an xen nhau ca ng-nh nc v nh nc-ng, v m nhn u tranh chnh tr theo tinh thn ch chnh tr a nguyn c ni ti trn v trong cc hnh thc c ch nh mt cch hp hin chim c thin ch ca cc cng dn trn c s mt cng lnh chnh tr ng n, coi trng cc li ch quc gia v mt chnh sch nhn s ph hp vi cng lnh . y l quan im chnh tr quan trng nht, c l cng l quan im c th lm s ng thun cho tt c chng ta, trn c s ng CNXHCN cng xem xt li t chc ca chnh mnh v a vo phc v cho cc i hi ny. Ph hp vi quan im ny v do i vi ng CNXHCN ng s l i th cnh tranh c mt trong cuc chin cng lnh ca cc ng khc, nhng cng l c ch cho cc cng dn, m gia cc tnh hung h c th t do by t mong mun ca h v c th quyt nh lin quan n cc nh chnh tr ca h. Lin quan n cch ng x chung, hnh thc ch ny ch c th c xy dng trn s kin nhn v s hiu bit ln nhau, v suy ra t s thng hiu ny rng, ng CNXHCN khng mun bin th gii quan v cc hot ng chnh tr ca ring mnh thnh chng trnh x hi chung bng con ng p buc hay bng dng cc nh ch p t khc nhau, m ch trong u tranh bu c. ng thi trong cuc u tranh bu c ny n ch i v hi vng rng, n c th t do cng b chng trnh x hi v nhng phc ho th gii quan v chnh tr ca ring n ging nh cc ng v phong tro khc trong x hi. Trong vn cc d nh chnh tr, ti tin, thng co quan trng ny c cc h qu v chng ta c th hi vng cc h qu ph hp i vi vic lp php, ln k hoch c cu nh nc. Nht qun tun th cc nguyn l c trnh by trn v kha cnh ny, v quan im cu trc nh nc, ng CNXHCN coi hnh thc nh nc php quyn c cc m bo hp hin l hnh thc nh nc ph hp nht cho nc Hungary thuc chu u cui th k hai mi. Hnh thc nh nc php quyn ny tt nhin i hi vic a ra cc lut by gi b hon y. Cu trc nh nc php quyn ny khng th thc hin c m khng c lp hin php, lut bu c, lut v hnh thc nh nc, hay lut v tng thng nc cng ho v cc quy ch iu chnh vic thnh lp v hot ng ca cc
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ng. ng CNXHCN Hungary cng hiu, cng cm thy nghch l ca tnh hnh. Tt c iu ny, nhim v ny phi c tin hnh trong nhng iu kin, m v chng v khi nhiu ngi t vn nghi ng tnh chnh ng ca c quan lp php d nh lp ra cc lut ny. Vic gii quyt tnh hnh nghch l ny ch c th hnh dung c y, bn m phn, ti cng mun thng bo rng, chng ta khng nn ngn cn cng vic lp php. Nn con ng t do cho vic lp php, t nc ng hng ti thit lp nh nc php quyn vi tht vng ca s t lit v tan r, m hi vng vo trch nhim vi dn tc vi t nc. Cc bn m phn nh c nhc ti ln trc- khng chu trch nhim ngang nhau hy t tho thun v thit lp nh nc php quyn v c cu ca n. Nh th v cc d lut c th trong cc cuc m phn cn t tho thun chnh tr trc, v sau chnh ph s trnh Quc hi cc kin ngh theo tinh thn tho thun, tin tng rng, nh ch tch ca chng ta va nhc ti, quc hi cm nhn chnh xc qu trnh chnh tr ang xy ra trong nc v chp nhn s tho thun ny sinh bn m phn v bin chng thnh c hiu lc php lut. Cui cng trong mt dn nhp ngn gn, cng nh trong lot cng b ti mun ni rng, tt nhin ng CNXHCN khng tham gia cc cuc m phn ny mt cch m qung v khng bit g. N bit rng, trong khi a chnh sch ca n mt cch kin nh v hi vng mt cch khng th o ngc c theo chiu hng ny, trong nc c cc lc lng chnh tr m vi h qu trnh ny to ra b ngoi ca s v chnh ph, c ngha l s tan r ca th gii m h quen v ph hp vi hnh dung ca h, v c bm vu vo ci th gii, trong h c gio dc v cc l tng v s rng buc ca h b ct cht vo. Cn coi iu ny l mt thnh t ca chnh tr cng khai theo tinh thn khoan dung, ng thi vi trch nhim lch s ng CNXHCN phi u tranh mt cch kin quyt nht cc lc lng chnh tr ny khng chim c loi khng gian chnh tr, m nhn dn l nn nhn ca cuc u tranh chnh tr. Chng ti mun cho nhn dn quyt nh cuc chin u chnh tr c phn nh trong cc cuc bu c t do ny, cng vi tt c cc h qu ca n. Khng c s hnh thnh chn khng
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chnh tr v quyn lc, qu c ch chung ca cc bn hng dn, qua con ng quc hi, con ng lp php. y l nhng im ti coi l quan trng vt qu tuyn b nh c nu ra hm mi ri y, by gi c l nh tuyn b iu kin tin trin, yu cu s hp tc ca cc i tc m phn ca ti, nhng im h c th hp sc. Rt cm n ngi ch tch! Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Cm n tuyn b ca Pozsgay Imre. By gi xin nhng li cho ngi pht ngn ca Bn trn i lp, gio s Szabad Gyrgy. Szabad Gyrgy: Knh tha ngi ch tch! Knh tha hi ngh! Cc t chc to thnh Bn trn i lp n lc cho s hng thnh ca dn tc Hungary bng con ng m bo cc quyn dn ch. Hn na vi hi vng rt chn thnh rng, cuc u tranh ho bnh v trit ca chng ta c n nhn vi s thng hiu v c ng h vi thin cm khng ch trong nc m, c Phng ng v Phng Ty, trc ht l nhn dn v cc chnh ph ca cc nc lng ging o, Tip Khc, Nam T, Romania v Lin X. Nu ph thuc vo chng ti, th khng ai s tht vng, ngi yu cu chng ti v xut cho dn tc chng ta ang ng u ra khi khng hong, vi lng tin v lng tin, tnh bn v tnh bn, s sn sng hp tc v s sn sng hp tc. Knh tha hi ngh! Trong tuyn b ngy 13 thng su ca Bn trn i lp chng ti tuyn b rng, vi hi vng bt u v thng nht vi Pozsgay Imre ti ni, theo mong c ca chng ti mc ch ca cc cuc m phn s xy ra gia cc ng l m bo qu ho bnh, c th l qu t cc iu kin quyn lc hin ti da trn h thng mt ng sang nn dn ch i din hot ng trong cc khun kh ca nh nc php quyn s c lp ra. Trong qu trnh m phn trc ht chng ti c gng t tho thun s c a vo cc lut to kh nng cho nn dn ch i din, c t c s nm 1848 v s c hin i ho, c cuc sng mi, c th l v hy l hin thn ch ca nhn dn biu hin trong cc cuc bu c tht s t do. S tho thun chng trnh ngh s m ch tch ca chng ta, Szrs Mtys va mi nhc ti, theo hng nh vy, khng phi theo trnh t m phn, m theo logic ni ti ca n, theo th t quan trng, trc ht chng ti kin
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ngh khi tho h thng bu c mi. Chng ti ngh, theo d lut s c tho, mt mt m bo rng, tt c c tri c th cn nhc thn trng, sau c th quyt nh mt cch t do v b mt rng, ai, hay theo xu hng no h mun i din cho cc quyn li ca mnh, ch chnh tr ca mnh. Mt khc chm lo cho h thng bu c mi, da trn s tho thun cho tt c cc ng v t chc chnh tr chp nhn tnh bt kh xm phm ca cc nguyn tc dn ch i din, v ng thi khc t nh hng bo lc, hay gian di ca cc cuc bu c, c th a ra cc ng vin ca mnh vi cc iu kin dn ch ging nhau v u tranh h c bu vi cc cng c hp php v vi cc iu kin dn ch. Kin ngh hy chm lo n vic tin hnh bu c, n vic kim phiu, n trnh t dn ch v tnh trong sch ca vic cng b kt qu. Cc cuc bu c t do cng gi thit s cn thit m Szrs Mtys nu ra l cn sa i hin php hin hnh. Trong s chng ti cho rng khng th trnh khi l, theo tinh thn cc quy nh ca mt d lut s c tho trong khun kh cc cuc m phn bt u by gi, iu khon xc nh c quyn lnh o ca mt ng trong hin php hin hnh c thay bng vic lut ho hot ng ca h thng nhiu ng. y chng ti nhn mnh rng, chng ti hi vng quc hi mi do kt qu ca cc cuc bu c t do s hp v lp ra cc lut quy nh v vic thnh lp nh ch tng thng nc cng ho v thnh lp To n Hin php. iu ny tuy vy hon ton khng c ngha rng, trong cc cuc m phn gia cc ng by gi, chng ti khng sn sng tho ra cc nguyn tc chung, m chng khng to ra cc s vic ri- trong lnh vc ny cng s thc y cng vic lp php ca Quc hi s c bu ra. im th ba chng ti thy cn nu ra l, cng i vi vic li a h thng a ng vo lut s l vic iu chnh theo lut v vic thnh lp cc ng, v cc iu kin chnh tr, php l v vt cht cho s hot ng ca chng theo cch sao cho cc t chc lin quan c hng nhng kh nng m d lut m bo, m khng b ph ri, t nht ba thng trc cc cuc bu c t do s c t chc. iu kin v m bo cho tt c cng dn ca chng ta, hay mi t chc chnh tr hot ng hp php, c th t do dng cc quyn ca mnh cho n cc cuc bu c v trong cc cuc bu c
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l, phi c ci cch ph hp, tc l ph hp vi vic m rng cc quyn chnh tr, ca B Lut Hnh s v lut t tng hnh s, cn phi cp n vic chm dt ci gi l cc bin php cng bch cnh st v xt li php ch hin hnh v x pht vi phm lut. Chng ti cho l khng th thiu vic lm lut tuyn truyn v thng tin mi, cng v mc ch rng cc c tri ng bu mt cch m qung, m ngay c vi cc mu nh hng m dn cng c mc bo v kh d no c th b phiu cho cc i biu thc s i din cho cc li ch c nhn ra. Nh vy c l l, cn mt d lut na, khi li iu chnh vic s dng ton b cc cng c nho nn t duy ch n nhng i hi ca dn ch, t do v o c, phi lo n vic mi t chc tham gia trong cc cuc bu c c th s dng theo cch v mc thn trng, nhng ng ai trong s chng c th lm dng cc kh nng do tuyn truyn, bo ch, radio v TV c th mang li. Chng ti nhn mnh y, rng vi thi gian chng ti cho l cn m rng s bo v hn na cc quyn c nhn i vi cc h thng thng tin hin i. Cui cng, nhng khng phi hng cui cng, m bo cho s t do v dn ch ca cc cuc bu c chng ti cho rng khng th thiu vic lp ra cc lut loi tr ngay c kh nng s dng bo lc khi i sng x hi. Chng ti thy nhng m bo cho iu ny trong vic xc nh chnh xc phm vi nhim v v thm quyn ca mi t chc v trang, c bit ca t chc an ninh quc gia, v thit lp h thng kim tra hp hin khng c l hng i vi hot ng ca chng v v s trung lp ho hot ng chnh tr ng mi lc lng v trang. Chng ti thy c l do chnh ng t tho thun gii th lc lng t v cng nhn v cc i v trang ph khc. Cn xt li v cn th phi sa i quyn mang v kh, cc quy ch phc v ca cc t chc v trang v hnh lut qun s. Tt c nhng th ny chng ti cho rng cn c hnh thnh v cn c chuyn cho cc u ban theo tinh thn im 2. v im 3. ca phn hai tho thun s b k ngy 9/6/1989. Chng ti cho l thch hp, nu thc hin cc nhim v s c t ra ph hp vi nhng iu trn v trnh t cng vic ca chng- ph hp vi nhng iu m ch tch ca chng ta ni- do bn thn cc ban cng tc t xy dng, cng ch n im sau ca tho thun c nhc ti, theo mi u ban cng tc- ko cc chuyn gia tham gia vo- c th lp ra cc tiu ban.
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Theo cng ngha chng ti cho tt c iu ny l cn phi lm vi phng php lm vic ca u ban cng tc kinh t na, theo quan nim ca chng ti vi thng tin s kim c trc ht phi c gng hnh thnh cc quan nim kinh t ton din, c th thc hin c, v n nay cha c, cc quan nim c th l c s thc s v tin cy cho cc sng kin lp php sau ny. Bn trn i lp nghi nhn vi s hi lng rng, theo bng chng thng bo va ri ca quc v khanh ph trch chnh tr Pozsgay Imre chnh ph sn sng tho mn i hi ca tho thun gia cc ng ngy 9/6, theo - ti trch t vn bn tho thuntrong thi gian hi m cc bn kim ch tt c cc bc n phng c th lm tht bi mc ch m phn", nh th vic lp php khng th i trc cc tho thun chnh tr. Chng ti cn vui hn na vi thng bo va ri, bi v ging nh tuyt i a s nhn dn, cc t chc ca Bn trn i lp v cc i din ca chng c mt hm nay coi thnh cng ca cc cuc m phn l rt quan trng; nh vy cn trnh mi s bi lng tm vt c th. Chng ti ngh rng ph hp vi ch ca a s nhn dn chng ta. Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Ti cm n pht biu ca Szabad Gyrgy. By gi ti nhng li cho Kukorelli Istvn, ngi pht ngn ca Bn th Ba. Xin mi! Kukorelli Istvn: Knh tha cc bn m phn! Cc bn tranh lun hot ng x hi thn mn! Bn th Ba chng ti chp nhn cc ch m phn c hnh thnh trong qu trnh chun b v c Szrs Mtys trnh by. Chng ti khng mun b sung. Chng ti cm thy c bit quan trng l ngh c trnh by trong im th 6, v s t b cc gii php bo lc, cc cng c u tranh chnh tr trc tip. iu ny cn thu sut c thi x hi ca chng ta ln cc lut s c lp ra ca chng ta. Chng ti vui mng nghe thng bo ca Pozsgay Imre, rng ng CNXHCN khng kin ngh a vo chng trnh ngh s [ca quc hi] trc thi gian. Vic rt cc th tc quyt nh trnh cc d lut khng phi l thng li chnh tr v khng l tht bi chnh tr, m l kt qu ca s nhn nhn chnh tr tnh to. Trong qu trnh chuyn i chnh tr ho bnh cc cuc bu c c tm quan trng ni bt, n l im tnh nhp ca vic lp
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php. Ch n thi im ny cn phi cm cc bng gii hn tc cc tiu v cc i. Trong su ch m phn ci no c th thc hin c cho n cc cuc bu c v ci no nht thit phi hon li? c s nht tr gia chng ta trong phin hp ton th khai mc rng, v hin php mi Quc hi nhm hp sau cc cuc bu c phi quyt nh, v cho n khi cha nn c nhng sa i hin php c bn. T 1949 nh th chng ta ang ln sa i th 21 ca hin php. Trong nm nay c ba sa i ln v hin php. Ngy 20/8 do thiu vn bn hin php c c cu thng nht s kh quyt nh chng ta s k nim hin php c hiu lc no. Chng ti xut: ngy l ny hy l ngy l ca dn tc c th truy v n thi lp nc Hungary vi t cch mt quc gia c lp! Chng ti kin nghi rng, lut v To n Hin php, m tnh thi s hin nay ca lut ng lm cho thnh khn cp, hy do Quc hi lp ra cng vi hin php mi, v ch sau vic ny mi n nh ch rt quan trng da trn nguyn l phn chia quyn lc v tnh khng thin v ny ca t cch nh nc php quyn. C th nu cc l do ng h vic hon d lut v tng thng nc cng ho, m nh s tho hip chng ti mun chp nhn. Nhng hy cng suy ngh k rng, vi lut ny chng ta khng cn c ngoi l chng? Trong mi trng hp nn nh gi nh ch ny trong quan h vi cc cuc bu c v khng ch trong tng quan lc lng sau bu c. y l nhng tnh ton chnh tr ng, m phi t chng xung di li ch ca t nc. Chng ta phi chun b mt cch thc tin do thiu cc ng sc hi nhp- n tnh hnh khng th iu khin ni ca t nc v chnh v th cn n nhng ci to n nh. Th d sau khi cng b kt qu bu c ai s tin hnh cc cuc m phn hnh thnh chnh ph lin hip? Tng thng nc cng ho trong thi k chuyn i ny, nh hu ht cc nc y l mt chc nng ca tng thng, c th l biu tng ca s thng nht ca dn tc Hungary. Chng ti khng mun nu cc l do ng h lut ng. Nhu cu v lut ny c hnh thnh ngay c trong ch mt ng. Chng ta nh k n tranh lun v lut lp hi. Khng phi chng ti bc b vn c th iu chnh cc ng, v mt chc nng chng c th v cn c iu chnh trong cc lut khc.
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Cc gii hn quyn lc c bit n trong lut lp hi l , khng cn n lut ring cho ng k ng, to n bnh thng hy tin hnh vic ng k. Hot ng kinh t ca cc ng ch sau khi o lng chng mi nn iu chnh. By gi v y cn n to h tng c s kinh t, m c th l kt qu ca s mc c hai hay nhiu bn. Chng ti thc gic v ng h iu ny trong quan h vi tt c cc t chc chnh tr c lp mi thnh lp. Vic thc thi n l nhim v nh nc. Trong cc bc ci cch chnh tr cc cuc bu c c tm quan trng ni bt. V vn ny chng ti nht tr vi Szabad Gyrgy. Theo quan im ca chng ti cc cuc bu c chnh quyn t qun a phng, trn c s lut ring v vn ny, c th xy ra sau khi thng qua hin php v lut chnh quyn t qun. Vic nhanh chng tho lut bu c quc hi l quyn li chung ca tt c chng ta. Trong cc ch m phn vic ny nn l chng trnh ngh s u tin ca cc phin hp ton th tip theo. Bn th Ba ng h ch i din chnh tr mt vin. C th khng nh, h thng ng c hy l chnh tr ng, nhng phi gi tnh nghim tc ca cc cuc bu c, ng loi tr cc t chc v phong tro x hi c kh nng t chc cc cng ng ca mnh. H thng bu c khu vc nn l gii php qu , hn hp da vo c cu khu dn c thc t ca t nc. vng thn qu, ni c cu chnh tr vn cha cm thy c, hy gi nguyn h thng bu c khu vc mt gh i biu da vo nguyn l a s. Bn cht l: phi cn bng cc nhc im ca hai gii php bu c. Tuyn truyn bu c c tm quan trng ni bt, m lut phi quy nh quy tc o c v n v nguyn l bnh ng v c hi. S m bo cho tnh hp php ca cc cuc bu c l cng vic trng ti bu c v tnh cn bng chnh tr ca cc t chc tin hnh cc cuc bu c. Trong lnh vc bu c khng d hip thng chnh tr, bi v cn tm gii php ti u cho tnh hnh chnh tr cha hnh thnh, khng n inh. i tin vo cc k thut lm lut, ph hp vi mi lc lng chnh tr v c chnh quyn na, l o tng. Chng ti nhn mnh mt ln na: hy t cc tnh ton ca ng di li ch ca t nc!
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Hy ng i hin php mi khi xem xt li vic iu chnh cc ti chng nh nc. T quan im ca qu ho bnh phi suy ngm li tng iu ca B Lut Hnh s. Trong lut t tng hnh s quyn ca bn b hy cn bng vi vai tr ca bn nguyn v cc quy cch tu hy bin khi nhng bin php bc ch. V di hn, php l v vi phm lut ng c thc hin phc v cho hnh php v t php. Lin quan n ch th nm, v cc vn thng bo v thng tin: so vi tin trin thc tin iu chnh php l b tt hu ng k. Hungary truyn thng i chng l mt nhn t quyn lc, c s cng khai chnh tr, chng ta thy c iu ny na, quyn lc thc s nm s hu thng tin. Lut II. nm 1986 tr thnh lut v nh bo, n khng iu chnh cc vn quan nim c bn, th d nh n khng h nhc n cng dn bt c mt ln no. Chng ti thc gic lm ra cc lut ny v kin ngh, ng iu chnh ch h thng truyn a, m cng dn hy xut hin v hy bo v cc quyn c nhn ca h. Thi gian thi thc v c lm r, lm trong sch cc mi quan h ca cc cuc bu c ln tnh cng khai na. Cui cng ti mun khng nh rng, ngy nay chng ta lp cc lut ca mnh trong tnh hnh th gii khi khng c cng ch v m hnh. Trng vn ng l ht sc rng, bi v chng ta c th hc t tt c mi ngi. Chng ta hy ch , ng i cc bc xa l vi pht trin hu c. Theo chng ti c nhiu khu vc c hnh thnh v mt lch s Chu u, v khng th ch suy ngh v hai m hnh. Chng ta c c hi li quay li con ng Hungary khng c cc nh ng [i km], quay li ni, hy ng c ng ct mt ln na trong lch s Hungary. Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Cm n tuyn b ca Kukorelli Istvn. Nh th cc tuyn b lin quan n nhm ch u tin xy ra. Chng ta chuyn sang nhm ch th hai: cc tuyn b lin quan n cc nhim v chin lc i ph vi khng hong kinh t v x hi. u tin xin nhng li cho Ivnyi Pl ngi pht ngn ca ng CNXHCN. Ivnyi Pl: Ngi ch tch! Knh tha hi m! nh ca ng CNXHCN l, trn c s trnh by r rng cc c gng ca cc bn tham gia, hy c tho thun v tt c cc vn vn mnh dn tc
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trong qu trnh cc cuc m phn ny. Chng ti tin rng, khng hong kinh t, s tch t cc vn x hi c th tr thnh nhn t bt n nh, c th gy nguy him cho qu ho bnh sang nh nc php quyn da trn h thng a ng dn ch. V th chng ti cho l quan trng, l khng th b qua, rng trong cc ch m phn cc vn kinh t v chnh sch x hi cng xut hin, cng ng vai tr. ng CNXHCN chu trch nhim v tnh hnh xy ra, trong cc cuc m phn chng ti khng mun chia s vic ny. Tuy vy nhng vic lm khn cp phc v xy dng tng lai v trch nhim vi s phn dn tc i hi rng, nn c s hp tc tm cch gii quyt cc nhim v. ng CNXHCN c chng trnh ca mnh ci cch h thng nh ch chnh tr, thit lp nh nc php quyn x hi ch ngha dn ch, thc hin ch ca nhn dn, nhng cng vi vic ny ng coi vic to ra mt nn kinh t th trng c kh nng hot ng, bit hi nhp cc qu trnh kinh t th gii, ngn cn s st gim mc sng, hot ng trn nguyn l cc quyt nh duy l, c s hu hn hp l mc tiu ngang hng. Ph hp vi nguyn l nh nc php quyn ny c ngha l tnh hp hin kinh t trong lnh vc kinh t, hai ci b sung cho nhau l iu kin ca nhau. Vic thc hin cc ngha v thanh ton quc t, cc nhim v trng i ca chuyn i c cu, theo kinh nghim quc t, cc x hi cn s tp trung cc lc lng chnh tr. Trong 15-20 nm qua gii quyt cc nhim v tng t cc nc khc hoc cc ch c ti hay cc lin minh ng rng ri thc hin thnh cng. C cc th d c nhiu ngi bit v c hai. Chng ti mun nhn mnh, chng ti coi gii php dn ch l gii php duy nht c th chp nhn c. Trong hon cnh kinh t hin nay, theo nh gi ca ng CNXHCN ch mt chnh sch kinh t m cho kinh t i ngoi, xy dng cung, kch thch sn xut hiu qu mi c th tm c ng ra. Trn c s ny chng ti mun gii quyt cc nhim v cn i bn ngoi v bn trong. Chin lc pht trin cn v kh d ch c th l con ng pht trin da vo m ca ra nn kinh t th gii, m cc iu kin ca n khng cn l tip tc n nn, m ch vi vic sp xp li ton b ngun lc, cc n lc ni ti v thu ht vn nc ngoi b sung mi c th to ra.
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Cc li lm mc phi khng th c bin h bi s thc, rng khng ch duy nht nc ta ri vo ci by n nn, tt hu trong qu trnh thch ng kinh t sut mt thp k ri va qua. Ngy nay n nn l vn th gii, v ch yu ging xung cc nc to thnh mt phn ca nn kinh t th gii t bn v c ngy nay na. Chng ta ng qun rng, nhng thnh cng ca phn nh hn ca th gii mt phn c nui dng t nhng tht bi kinh t ca phn ln hn ca th gii. Ngoi gnh nng n nn nc ta cn b cm vn cng ngh na, y l nhn t gy trm trng cho s lc hu lch s ca chng ta, ngy nay vn cn. Nhng ng thi m hnh kinh t c hiu lc n nay ca ch ngha x hi khng c kh nng i mi t cc ngun lc ni ti. M hnh c v by gi c d kin c thay th ny b qua con ngi sng to, khng da vo s t tr v s t n lc ca cc cng ng, v khng cho cnh tranh hot ng. Chnh v th chng ti cam kt ng h thay i tn gc r. Chng ti tin rng, nu chng ti lm tt c iu ny, ci ph thuc vo chng ti, v tip tc trit cc cuc ci cch ca chng ti, cc nc sn sng hp tc trn th gii s cho chng ta c hi tin ln. y l trch nhim ca tt c chng ta. Hin i ho nn kinh t ca chng ta i hi to mt m hnh mi, trong cc vn quan trng mu cht ti ch mun nhn mnh bn vn . hot ng trn nguyn l th trng cn n cc ch s hu, nhng ngi c kh nng ra cc quyt nh duy l, nhng ngi cm thy trc tip cc hu qu quyt nh ca h. Mc ch ca chng ta v th l c nhn ho s hu nh nc b v nhn cch, v hot ng mt cch quan liu. Chng ti tha nhn mi hnh thc s hu l ngang nhau. S p o ca s hu nh nc hin nay theo hnh dung ca chng ti s chm dt. Thay vo khng phi l s hu t nhn, m l cc hnh thc s hu cng cng mi, trong cng dn cng c th xut hin vi t cch ch nhn. Chng ti mun m bo cho s pht trin t do, hu c ca cc hnh thc s hu khc. Duy nht mt th trng gm nhiu thnh phn, c xy dng trn s hp tc c t chc ca cc hnh thc s hu khc nhau l c kh nng chm dt tnh trng c quyn, c th to ra quyn t do v ng x kinh doanh, mi quan tm ti sn c tm di hn. Th hai. Mc ch ca chng ti l pht trin th
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trng ni a hot ng hiu qu, l cc tc ng th trng c hiu lc. Chng ti hiu th trng l th ch c bn tch hp nn kinh t. ni c ch ny khng t ra c hiu qu v mt x hi, c th dng cc c ch phi-th trng. nh xy dng th trng, c ngha rng s chp nhn phn xt ca th trng l nguyn l t chc kinh t chung, v i vi nh nc cng i hi vic p dng cc cng c ci cch th trng. Nn kinh t hot ng trn nguyn l th trng tuy vy cng gy ra cc nh hng x hi khng c li. Xut hin nn tht nghip. Chng ti nhn mnh n to cng n vic lm cng y , n to vic lm, n ti o to. Cn to ra cc m bo x hi, cc dch v cho nhng ngi b x y ra khi vic lm mt cch tm thi. Chng ti mun gii quyt vic bo v nhng ngi gp bt li bng cng c nhng m bo ca h thng nh ch x hi. Ct tr chnh ca chnh sch x hi ca chng ta vn l nh nc. V mc ch hot ng hiu qu hn ca n cn to s phn chia cng vic hp l gia cc c quan trung ng v a phng. Chng ti coi cc t chc hot ng gip ln nhau, th hin tnh on kt l thnh phn quan trng ca mng li an sinh x hi. Cn c bit ch n vic ci thin iu kin sng ca thanh nin, nhng ngi bt u khi nghip, nhng ngi c gia nh ln, nhng ngi v hu, nhng ngi tn tt v khuyt tt, nhng ngi c hon cnh kh khn nhiu b. Chng ti c gng gim dn mc lm pht, t mc ch chng ti mun s dng ton b kho cng c kinh t ca chnh sch chng lm pht. Vic ngn cn tng gi mt cch bn vng ch c th do bn thn s m rng cung, sn xut c li v th trng khng bit n cc chi ph v l mi c th gii quyt, ch khng phi bng hn ch hnh chnh. Chnh sch chng lm pht thnh cng i hi v gi thit chnh sch c cu thnh cng. Th t. Trong vai tr thay i ca nh nc n cn hot ng nh lc t chc trung ng, lo v vic to ra cc iu kin kinh doanh v cnh tranh, v s kim tra x hi i vi ngn qu nh nc, v t chc ngn qu nh nc, v v vic x hi quyt nh vic tho mn cc i hi v nhu cu ca mnh. Chng ti mun sp xp li cc ngha v kinh t, x hi ca nh nc sao cho vai tr tp trung qu mc thu nhp v ti phn phi thu nhp ca ngn sch s gim i ng k. Cn t chc li quyn
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hn lin quan n ngn sch nh nc gia quc hi v chnh ph, hin i ho vic qun l cc t chc hng ngn sch, thit lp tnh c lp kinh t ca cc chnh quyn t qun a phng. Ti ng rng, phi to quan nim chnh sch kinh t mi, ton din. V mt chnh tr ci lm cho tnh hnh v cng kh khn l, ng thi phi khi tho mt chng trnh ci cch nht qun v tm cch khc phc mt khng hong kinh t, chnh tr tr thnh cp tnh. Trong tnh hnh ny tr thnh vn c bn l, vic bng n kinh t c th c thc hin s c hi cho cc ch s hu thu nhp no v c li cho nhng ngi no. Nhng cn nhc kinh t v x hi r rng i hi rng, ng t gnh nng ln vai nhng tng lp ng no cng trong tnh trng kh khn ri. Nhng ng thi cng i hi rng, iu kin sng ca cc nh kinh doanh, nhng ngi to ra gi tr mi, nhng ngi lm ra nhiu hn phi phn nh cng sut ca h. Nu khng ai lm gay gt nhng cng thng bng ru rao nhng i hi v cn c v mt kinh t v quyn li chnh tr ca ng, hay ngc li, bng i hi tng phi l s chnh lch thu nhp, th c th trnh c nhng b tc c nhn, cc gi tr x hi c th c duy tr tt hn. Cc mi lo ca nn kinh t l phc tp, nhiu mt. Cn ni cng khai, chn tht v chng. Chng ta cn tho thun v nhn dn, ch khng trn u nhn dn. Chng ti khng c nhng o tng. Cu kh th hp, chng ta c th d ri t . Nhng c cu. Hy dng kh nng i qua! Xin cm n, ngi ch tch! Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Cm n bi pht biu ca Ivnyi Pl. By gi n lt Pet Ivn, ngi pht ngn ca Bn trn i lp. Ti nhng li. Pet Ivn: Knh tha ng ch tch! Knh tha hi ngh! Theo nh ban u Bn trn i lp trong cc cuc m phn hin thi ch mun bn n cc iu kin chnh tr ca qu ho bnh. Chng ti mun khng tnh n cc ch kinh t khng phi v chng ti cho rng h thng hin thi l tt, hay c th sa c ch bng cc hiu chnh ln nh no . Thm ch, chng ti tin rng: h thng kinh t ny thc ra hu nh khng c kh nng hot ng. Trong cc doanh nghip da trn s hu nh nc v cc t liu sn xut chnh v t cc quan h s hu nht thit suy ra s l
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l qun l v lng ph ph bin. iu ny dn n cc cuc khng hong trm trng tt c cc nc c nn kinh t ch huy tp trung. Nguyn nhn cui cng l, cc doanh nghip tr nn d di, tr ni, trong cc quyt nh nhng tnh ton kinh t tnh to b y li vo pha sau. Hn na nhng ngi lanh li c bit th vin vo li ch chung tc ot cc ch s hu, m suy cho cng l tc ot ngn sch, xo i cc hu qu ca s qun l cu th ca h. Gnh nng ca cc khon bao cp khng l tch t li b p cho cc khon l v tht thot trong h thng ny nh th do ton b x hi gnh chu. S hu nh nc v s hu mang tnh hp tc x b lm nguy, bi v nhng ngi qun l chng thc hin quyn nh ot m khng c kim tra ca ch s hu. S hu t nhn cng thng xuyn b nguy him, v nh nc b mt ti sn ch c th b bng cch rt t tt c cc ch s hu. S phung ph ph bin khng ch lm xi mn nn kinh t, m cng lm hng cc ngnh dch v: gio dc, y t v cc nh ch phc li nhn dn na. Trong nhng ci gi l cc thnh qu x hi ngy nay, ch cn li nhng mnh vn ca h thng hot ng phung ph, hay ch dnh cho mt tng lp c nh hng. Cc th nghim to ln, th trn mnh t s hu nh nc loi b cc li hot ng ca h thng, ch mang li nhng kt qu tm thi v tng phn, hay ngay c cc kt qu nh vy cng khng c. Bt chp bit tt c iu ny Bn trn i lp khng mun m phn v kinh t, bi v mt mt xut pht t s thc rng, chng no cha c nhng m bo tun th cc tho thun c th c, chng no cha to ra - mt phn trong cc cuc m phn y- cc m bo chnh tr. Mt khc trong lnh vc kinh t kh phn bit cc nhim v hng ngy vi cc chin lc ca chnh quyn, nhng m cc thnh vin ca Bn trn i lp khng i cc vai tr chnh quyn trc cc cuc bu c, v khng c quyn lc chnh quyn h khng mun nhn trch nhim ln chnh mnh v cc hu qu ca s ph sn kinh t. Bt chp tt c iu ny Bn trn i lp chp nhn m phn c v cc vn chin lc kinh t. N lm iu ny khng n thun nh mt tho hip, nhm bt u cc cuc m phn chnh tr khng th thiu i vi qu ho bnh. N chp nhn
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vic ny trc ht v, n phi nghim thy rng, ng CNXHCN, hay l chnh ph ca n trnh ra trc quc hi v khin quc hi thng qua cc d lut ng n h thng nh ch kinh t, n cc quan h quyn lc v to ra nhng tnh th ri cho thi k sau bu c dn ch. Theo tinh thn ci cch s hu bn cht ca lut chuyn i c Quc hi thng qua trong phin hp cui mi y l chia chc quyn nh ot ti sn x hi gia nhng ngi lnh o cc hi ng x nghip v cc chc v ch o doanh nghip khc. Chnh nhng ngi b ng chm n li khng kim tra c, v khng tc ng c n cc qu trnh ny. C cu s hu hnh thnh sau lut chuyn i vi nh dt khot c nh mi mi cc c quyn ngy nay, c nh nhng s an xen chng th trng v ngn cn, hay lm mo m cnh tranh, cn tr s hnh thnh th trng t bn thc s. Ngoi tt c vic lut ny cn lm cho vic bin cc a v ginh c ch yu trn c s chnh tr cho n nay thnh quyn lc kinh t. Ham mun lm lut ca chnh ph buc Bn trn i lp phi tham gia vo vic chun b cc d lut ng chm n cc nh ch c bn ca nn kinh t, n cc quan h s hu. Trong cc thng ti y vic t cc chnh v khng khc l, t, nh my s l ca ai, v ni chung h thng s hu mi s c ph hp khng cho vic to ra thu nhp mt cch hiu qu. Ch b m phn v cc vn ny khi nu cc cuc tho lun bt u by gi v cc vn kinh t lun i trc cc trnh ca chnh ph, nh cc bn ngi y tho thun mt tun trc v li c xc nhn hm nay. Nhng Bn trn i lp chp nhn s cn thit ca cc cuc m phn kinh t cng bi v, tuy khng mun nhn trch nhim v cc hu qu ca khng hong, cc hu qu vn ging xung dn c mt cch khng th trnh khi. V chng ti cm thy, phi tm ly mi kh nng chn s bn cng ho, gim nh cc hu qu. c bit cn ch nhiu n vic lm nh bt cc tc ng hu hoi nhiu nht n li sng hnh thnh v e do vi s tan r khung kh i sng quen, vi him ho v xung cp nhanh chng, hay sp sinh tn hon ton. H thng nh ch xa l ca chnh sch x hi nh nc phn chia ngun lc eo hp khng c kh nng cung cp s m bo, v v cc quyt nh tu tin, nhiu khi hp tp ca chnh ph, ca cc hi ng a phng v ca cc
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t chc kinh t nn nhng kh nng k hoch ho cuc sng gim i ti thiu, trong lc tnh hnh ngy cng sa st. C th tho lun v cc hu qu kinh t v x hi ca khng hong khi v ch khi, nu cc i din ca Bn trn i lp khng c quyn lc, khng c cc nh ch, c th truy cp n thng tin chnh xc, , v khng th thiu c cho tho lun m n nay c coi nh c quyn quyn lc. Ngy nay vn khng phi l, chnh ph khng thy: l khng th b qua vic chuyn i cc quan h s hu, thay i c cu nn kinh t, x l n nn, km lm pht, gim bt cc hu qu xung dn c, m l, chnh ph, ng CNXHCN, b my nh nc nh t nhn ca cc nhm li ch thng tr mt s lnh vc ca nn kinh t ch bit lm cho nhng li ch v nh ca cc lc lng xc nh trng hot ng c hiu lc. Vic lm lut ca cc thng va qua cng cho thy: quc hi ngy nay, chnh v cc cc nhm li ch va c nhc n chim a s trong , khng thch hp cho vic kim sot chnh ph mt cch thc s. Khi Bn trn i lp m phn v kinh t, tt nhin n khng mun thay th Quc hi m khng c u quyn. Ngc li. N coi ngha v ca mnh l i ngn cn vic a ra cc quyt nh ph hp vi cc li ch ca cc nhm hp, quyt nh n c tng lai xa. Chng ti khng v cng khng th c cc o tng. Trong khi v cc vn chnh tr mu cht, nu chng ta tho thun y, th ngay trong tng lai gn cng c th cm nhn c cc kt qu, tuy vy vi cc m phn kinh t trong trng hp tt nht cng ch l chng ta c th to ra cc iu kin ch nh chn ng s t nho, s dt gy m thi. Sau cc tho thun chnh tr, vi bu c t do chng ta c th ginh c hin ti ca chng ta, vi cc tho thun kinh t chng ta ch c th m bo cho tng lai ca mnh. Xin cm n. Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Cm n pht biu ca Pet Ivn. By gi n lt Sndor Lszl t Bn th Ba. Ti nhng li. Sndor Lszl: Ngi ch tch! Knh tha cc i tc m phn! Bn th Ba hoan nghnh, ng thi coi vic x l cc hu qu x hi ca khng hong kinh t v cc vn chin lc khc phc
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khng hong kinh t c vai tr xng ng trong cc ch m phn hip thng chnh tr l c tm quan trng ni bt. Chng ti tin rng, khng tho lun cc vn ny th cc cuc m phn nhm ti ng thun chnh tr khng c c s vng chc. Tnh hnh l gii cho cc cuc m phn c hai ch cng l, qu trnh ci cch chnh tr khng th tch ri khi qu trnh ci cch kinh t v x hi. Kinh nghim lch s cng nhc nh chng ta. Nhng th phi tin trin mt cch hi ho. Ti tin rng, phn ln x hi quan tm n gii php chung ca c hai ch ny v lng tin ca h ch c th c khi phc vi gii php chung ca hai ti. kt thc cc ngh dn ca mnh ti mun bo hiu rng, Bn th Ba hoan nghnh v nh gi cao s khoan dung, thc trch nhim ca cc i tc m phn ngay giai on ban u ca cc cuc m phn l chng ta a nhm ch th hai vo chng trnh ngh s. Cc i din ca Bn th Ba coi l nhim v khn cp nht rng, cc tng lp do chng ti i din, nhng ngi sng bng lng v tin cng, nhng ngi v hu, thanh nin, ph n, cc cng ng a phng hy c hng s bo v tng cng hn chng li vi cc hu qu ca khng hong, vi lm pht, vi mt vic lm, vi gim cam kt ngn sch cho mc ch x hi. Tng cng bo m x hi i hi s cng c cc m bo ch nh cho nhng ngi gi, cc gia nh ng con, nhng ngi tr mi lp gia nh, nhng ngi mt vic lm, cng nh cho nhng ngi b hn ch v kh nng lm vic. Trong vic xy dng cc m bo ch nh v an ninh sinh tn ca cng dn khng phi i sao chp cc m hnh hin tn, hnh thnh trong nhng iu kin lch s v x hi khc, m cn n cc gii php ring, ph hp vi tnh hnh Hungary, c s dng cc kinh nghim. Chng ti coi vic tho ra cc nguyn l ny v cc phng thc gii quyt c th l mt nhim v khng th trnh khi ca cc cuc m phn. C l khng tha ch ra rng, chng ti dn chiu n vic a ra ci cch lng, n to s bo v x hi do chnh cc cng on i hi v d tho trong cc suy ngh ny. Bn th Ba coi vic tho cc chin lc khc phc khng hong v pht trin kinh t l cn thit khn cp. Tt nhin, chng
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ti cho rng y v c bn l nhim v ca chnh quyn. Nhng chng ti ngh rng, cn m bo cho mi t chc, c quan c nim h c th trnh by cng khai suy ngh ca mnh, c xt trc cng lun, v trn c s hnh thnh ng thun x hi. Chng ti ngh rng, cc nhim v m mang kinh t s khng ng nu ch coi l vn chin lc di hn. Chng ti cho rng, cn n gii php phc v pht trin di hn v khc phc ngay tc khc thm ho, tc l cn cng kho st cc bc chin lc v sch lc. Theo nh gi ca chng ti trong tnh hnh hin nay vic phc ho cc mc tiu di hn l khng , phi ch ra cc ct mc chnh ca con ng dn n chng na. Chng ti xut pht rng, khc phc khng hong c v ngn ln di hn vn then cht l tng trng kinh t. Gia cc ngun lc tng trng kinh t chng ti cho vic ng vin cc ngun lc con ngi c tm quan trng quyt nh. V th chng ti coi vic bt u ngay vic ngn chn s xung cp tip tc ca mng li h tng gio dc, y t, nh to c s cho pht trin cc ngun lc con ngi, vic hin i ho chng l nhim v khng th tr hon. Theo chng ti vic m mang t qun sn xut, s tham gia vo cng vic lnh o ca nhng ngi lm thu cng phc v cho vic s dng sc sng to v sng kin ca con ngi. Tt c nhng th ny l cc hnh thc nh ch c th. Tng t chng ti cng coi vic to ngun lc kinh t to c s cho pht trin cng ng a phng v m bo vic s dng t ch ca chng l vic quan trng. Trong cc iu kin m mang kinh t chng ti cng cho rng khng th b qua vic lm r chnh xc cc thnh t ca qu trnh n nn to thnh mt phn quyt nh ca khng hong kinh t, ch ra c ch t kch ca n v a ra cc bc c th ngn chn n. y chng ti khng th coi vic tn dng cc kh nng tim tng trong ngoi giao kinh t quc t l nhn t nm ngoi s ch . Tt nhin vn c bn l, chng ta tin hnh cc bc gii quyt cc nhim v khn cp, chuyn i c cu kinh t, to cc iu kin ca ng lc ca n v cc ngun ti tr ca n. Lin quan n vic ny phi dn xp li cc trng tm v tnh cht n nay ca cc quan h kinh t i ngoi ca chng ta. iu ny tuy
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vy khng th dn n nhng phin din mi ca quan h kinh t lin quan n c phng ty ln phng ng, n coi thng cc li ch dn tc. iu kin c bn cho thnh cng chuyn i c cu l tng cng tnh c ng ngh nghip, kh nng thch nghi ca nhng ngi lao ng. Ci thin cc nhim v o to chuyn mn, ti o to, nhn t quan im ca c cng c s an ton vic lm ca nhng ngi lao ng, ln hiu qu ca ngh nghip theo chng ti- c tm quan trng ni bt. Cui cng chng ti mun nhn mnh rng, khng th b qua cc quan h sinh thi hc ca ti c cu kinh t. Khng n gin ch t pha bo v mi trng, m l nn kinh t mi trng, cn ch n kh nng ng vai tr ca ngnh thu ht cng nghip bo v mi trng. Bn th Ba coi mc ch ti thiu ca chui m phn bt u by gi l trao i suy ngh v thng tin v cc vn nu trn. Ngoi s thng bo cho cng lun, cho cc cng dn, tuy vy, cc cuc m phn cng phi dn ti cc tho thun v cc bin php c th i vi cc vn kinh t, x hi c bn nht ging xung x hi. Lin quan n cc vn chnh sch kinh t v x hi ti khng th khng nu kin ca chng ti rng, vic thng qua cc lut c bn, hay vic xc nh qu trnh ng i trc cc tho thun chnh tr ct yu. Cui cng ti mun nu mt kin ngh. Chui hip thng chnh tr ny i vi tt c chng ta l mt th thch ht sc ln. Chng ti ngh, n i hi s t ch bn thn, s khoan dung t tt c chng ta. Chng ti ngh, by gi cn dp sang mt bn tr dng sch lc vi nhau, tr tr hon vic a ra cc quyt nh kh d; vi ton lc cng vic ca chng ta phi phc v cho vic gii quyt cc vn ca x hi. t vic ny cn thit rng, cc bn m phn hy th hin s sn sng tho hip da trn s thu hiu ln nhau, da vo nh hp tc xy dng. V phn mnh chng ti sn sng. Chng ti c gng lm mi vic v mc ch tip tc thnh cng cc cuc m phn. Cm n. Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Cm n tuyn b ca Sndor Lszl.
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Nh th chng ta xong phn tuyn b. Ti ngh c mt thi gian gii lao ngn mang tnh k thut. Sau chng ta tip tc vi cc cu tr li v p li cc cu tr li. Ti ngh, 6 gi 25 pht chng ta s tip tc! (Gii lao.) Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Knh tha cc bn m phn! Chng ta tip tc. By gi n cc cu tr li, cng nh p li cc cu tr li. Ti ngh, gii lao to kh nng cho cc bn ngh k iu cn ni ca mnh. u tin ti nhng li cho Pozsgay Imre, i din ca ng CNXHCN. Pozsgay Imre: Knh tha ngi ch tch! Knh tha hi ngh! Hy cho ti c hi ch c mt phn nh ngn, bi v nghe cc bo co ti tin rng, c tt c iu kin cho m phn tip theo, lp thi gian biu cho cc cuc m phn theo tinh thn bin bn c k, c chp nhn m phn chuyn gia, v tip tc thc hin mt cch c phng php nhng cng vic m Szabad Gyrgy dn chiu chi tit v chun b son tho lut v cc cuc m phn chnh tr.. Ti mun ni thm, tt nhin vic lp cc u ban, ph hp vi tho thun, vic lp ra cc u ban khng c ngha l ko vo mt mc c quan na v mt hnh thc hip thng na, m bn thn s xut hin ca cc u ban ny s l mt nhn t chnh tr ca cc cuc m phn. Ti gii ngha nh vy v trong tinh thn ny chng ti mong mun tip tc v tham gia vo cng vic. Xin cm n. Cng vic c th v chi tit nh vy sau s thuc v cc u ban. Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Cm n Pozsgay Imre. Ti ngh, by gi hy nghe cc cu tr li v p li tr li v c ba nhm ti cng nhau. V th ti hi, v pha ng CNXHCN c ai mun pht biu? Ivnyi Pl. Xin mi! Ivnyi Pl: Xin cm n. Ti ch mun ni thm vi phn x ngn vi cc bo co. C l ti bt u bng vic: ti cng nhn, nn kinh t ny ng u vi cc ri lon c bit ln v ng k. Chnh v th
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theo nh gi ca chng ti - cn thay i m hnh. Nhng ni rng, nn kinh t khng c kh nng hot ng, c l l hi qu, bi v chng ta thc hin cc ngha v quc t ca mnh v mt nn kinh t khng c kh nng hot ng khng th l i tc trong cc quan h kinh t quc t. C v l ngy nay, nn kinh t Hungary ny vi cc mi lo, cc tai ho ny d sao vn c ngha l mi quan h i tc, m chng ta cn. C l nh gi nh vy khng thc y to cc mi quan h i tc. Tuy nhin ti hon ton ng rng, cho tho lun, trao i ng n, ng i tng, th cc bn phi c sn thng tin cho php mt tho lun nh vy. Bc u tin ng CNXHCN lm, khi khi xng vi Tng cc Thng k cung cp nhng thng tin ny sinh Tng cc cho Bn trn i lp. R rng, ngoi nhng thng tin ny ra cn thng tin na. Bn thn ti cng cho l quan trng. Ti ng vi nhn xt v cho l cn thit rng, vic trao i, v mong mi l chng ta c th tho thun v cng nhiu vn cng tt, s i trc vic lm lut kinh t. Cui cng c vi li lin quan n lut chuyn i vi nhng iu c ni. Bn thn ti ngh rng, thiu suy ngh k lng v ton b ci cch s hu cng li du n ln cng vic ny v vic lm lut. Trong mi trng hp c hai hn ch c l khi thng qua lut ny, c th l, sau khi thng qua hin php s phi lp li mt cch tng th v suy ngh li. Hn ch khc l, ch c th s dng cc khung kh do lut chuyn i vi s cng khai hon ton, bi v cui cng tt c cc vn ni ln, ch c th c loi tr vi kh nng do s cng khai cung cp. Lut chuyn i khng c suy ngm k v mt kinh t mt cch ton din, cng lc l hng php l, ny sinh do thng qua lut cng ti, d sao vn l gii cho vic chp nhn mt lut c cho l tm thi, bn thn ti cng cho l tm thi. Tt nhin ti ng vi cc ch , m ti khng ni n, nhng c cp y v sinh thi, bo v mi trng, vn h tng con ngi. Ti ngh, trong cc cuc m phn chuyn gia nhng vn ny u l cc vn quan trng, m chng ta phi trao i. Ti cho vic trao i suy ngh l rt quan trng. Xin cm n.
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Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Ti cng cm n tr li ca Ivnyi Pl. Ti hi, ai mun pht biu thay mt Bn trn i lp? Szabad Gyrgy, xin mi! Szabad Gyrgy: Knh tha hi ngh! Ti ngh, trong qu trnh cc cuc m phn chng ta s tranh lun nhiu. Tuy th by gi ti khng bt u bng tranh lun, m ti ngh, chng ta c th cho php mnh, i chng vi cc tng nht tr. Rt ngn gn, nhng nh gi rt cao tm quan trng ca n, ti mun ni v s trng i ca ci m Pozsgay Imre ni y v cc vn quyn t do, tnh trong sch, tnh hp l ca cc cuc bu c. Th hai. Li ti nhn mnh iu m ti nhc n ri l, chng ta vui mng ghi nhn khng ch li ni, m trong trng hp ny chng ta cng ghi nhn vic lm, rng chnh ph - theo thng bo ca quc v khanh ph trch chnh tr Pozsgay Imre phi hp nhp nhng gia cng vic lm lut vi hi m ca chng ta by gi bng cch m ng cho cc kt qu ca hi ngh hin nay ca chng ta c dng trong cng vic lp php sp ti. khng chn trc. y l mt bc sng sut v cc l do v ni dung v chnh tr. V hy ti ni, l mt bc i ca tnh chn tht chnh tr, bi v n bo hiu rng, n coi trng hip c c k. Hy ti cng bt u tr li ca ti cho Kukorelli Istvn vi li nht tr, bi v trong cc vn quan trng, ha hn hi vng, quan im ca chng ta nht tr ri. Ti mun nhn mnh, quan im ca chng ta trong vn To n Hin php v lut ng l gn nhau n th no. Ti ni rng, To n Hin php - k c trong trnh by ca chng ti chng ti coi l vic la chn ca quc hi mi. Hn th na, v ngi ta thng l gii phi lp ra n cng sm cng tt nhn ng k v ng k cc ng mi, vai tr ny chng ti cho l khng cn thit. V nu ti hiu ng li ca Kukorelli Istvn, th hnh dung ca ng, hay ca cc ng, cng l, vic ng k ca cc ng khng nht thit gn vi nh ch To n Hin php. Chng ta cng thng nht rng, s iu tit cn thit lin quan n vic thnh lp cc ng v hot ng ca chng cng c th gii quyt c bng b sung hay sa i lut v hip hi. Chng ti ni thm, l ra c th gii quyt c ri, v cng c cc
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ch bo nh vy, khi trnh v thng qua lut v hip hi vo u nm. Ti ngh, d c thng nht th vn cn sm by gi chng ta ni v mt quyt nh. Ti tin, sau cn nhc chn chn y thc ra l thc tin phi quyt nh. Ni mt cch r rng: chng ta cn kho st k lng mc chuyn gia, ci g l hp l? To lut mi, hay sa i v b sung lut hin hnh? Nhng cc tuyn b nh ch theo cng mt hng. Phn x ca chng ti v vn gt b sa i hin php khng r rng nh th. Khng, bi v, thc lng chng ti khng ng rng, sau bao nhiu chp v hin php tri qua s phn lch s nng n ny c th thanh thn thiu thiu v vi u vo gic m vnh vin khng sa i na, nu chng ta khng ng trong khi , th hon ton, thm ch chng ti l nhng ngi u tin t vn rng, quc hi mi lp ra hin php mi. Nu nh th, th y c mt tnh trng php l, m c l chng ta phi gii quyt bng mt ming v khc. Gia nhng th khc khi ni v sa i hin php, m by gi ti mun nhn mnh li ln na: c mt vn nht thit phi vt qua. Hin php hin hnh l h thng mt ng, n tuyn b c quyn lnh o ca ng . Th nhng l khng th a iu ny ho hp vi vic lut ho h thng a ng, nu chng ta khng xc nh trong bn thn hin php. Nh th r rng y, t nht gia cc lp trng c trnh by y c s khc nhau, m ti hi vng, chng ta c th vt qua. ng no ti cng ang pht biu, hy ti lm dng lng kin nhn qu bu ca qu v thm mt cu. Ngi ta khng b ngh ca mnh ch gi qun o, khi bc vo phng hi m. Hy ti, c l cng nh s ng vin ca chng ti, c l nh s cng c thn trng cc hi vng ang ny n, nhc li mt cch din t rt p thi ci cch, theo chng ti mun rng, bn m phn ng tr thnh bn nh bc, ni mt bn ch c th c ng bng s bn kia mt. Bi v ti ngh -, v hi ngh hm nay cng ng vin ni iu ny ra, tt c chng ta l cc bn m phn, nhng ngi ngh v mt bn v hnh, v bn quan trng nht, l hy nhn dn chng ta c nhiu nht, cho bn m tt c chng ta c th hin dng vi mun tt nht ca mnh, y, ti bn m phn, trong cc cuc bu c v sau na vi s ho hng ln lao. Cm n.
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Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Cm n nhng li pht biu ca Szabad Gyrgy. Ti hi, c ai t pha Bn trn i lp mun pht biu? Xin mi Pet Ivn. Pet Ivn: Sau nhng li p ny, m c l cng ng vi cc cuc m phn kinh t, thm ch, ti hi vng l ng, ti mun nhc n vi chuyn nh. Khng mun ni v nhng khc bit quan im, hin nhin ri t gy pht u tin, ngay c s bt u cc cuc m phn, rng cc bn khc nhau nh gi tnh hnh theo cch khc nhau, nhng y, trong phng ny ho ra l, s sn sng cn thit cho cc cuc m phn l kh ln, nh vy by gi khng b nu s khc bit quan im v s nh gi khc nhau v tnh hnh. Vic khc, m ti mun nhc n, l vic, c l vn cha c ni , hay vn cha c nhn mnh y, rng v mt k thut ng tch cc cuc m phn kinh t v chnh tr sao cho, mt ci ng l cn tr ca ci kia, v c bit iu ny ng i vi cc cuc m phn kinh t, ng s tho thun c th ko di ca cc cuc m phn kinh t ngn cn cc tho thun ca cc cuc m phn chnh tr, bi v i vi kinh t ch c th tho thun trong gii hn thi gian quy nh tng i xut pht t cc lun , cc khon, cc ch c th cht li vi vic lp php. Hai ch nu u tin c tnh cht, m vic cht li cui cng c l khng c kh nng cho n cc cuc bu c. V iu ny ng l cn tr ca cc cuc m phn mang tnh chnh tr. Th ba, m ti mun nhc n l, ng nn c hiu lm, tuy v vic ny chng ti c ni, rng Bn trn i lp tt nhin khng mun gnh vc cc nhim v chnh quyn v nh hng n vic tho lun cc ti mang tnh r rng l nhim v ca chnh quyn, v v th chng ti khng nhc n m i vi chng ti cng l cc vn quan trng nh ch bo v mi trng, nn kinh t mi trng, m trong cc cuc m phn ny khng chc c khn ngoan khng i vo. Vic th t, m ti mun nhc ti, iu ny c l cng ni bt, nhng ti vn mun xc nhn, rng Bn trn i lp coi l quan trng rng chng ta hy thn trng v iu ny trc tin c l l kh nng ca chng ti, m chng ti khng mun li dng, thm
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ch, chng ti mun bc b thng thng - vi chnh sch m dn x hi, iu c l rt nguy him trong tnh hnh hin nay. Ti nhc n mt vic na, l phn x p li cho phn x c nu ra y, rng tt nhin khi chng ta ni v thu c thng tin, hay v nhu cu thng tin, th chng ti khng hon ton ngh v vic chng ti c th mua d liu do Tng cc Thng k cng b, m l nhng hiu bit chi tit hn th. Vic m ch l nh th. Ti mun ni ngn y. Xin cm n. Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Cm n tr li ca Pet Ivn. Ti hi, v pha Bn th Ba ai, hay nhng ai mun pht biu? Nagy Imre. Xin mi. Nagy Imre: Knh tha cc bn m phn! V pha cc t chc x hi tham gia nh bn m phn th ba chng ti khng mun trc tip phn x li, phn ng li c cc tuyn b v cc vn chnh tr ln kinh t c a ra. Chng ti cm thy rng, by gi khng c thi gian tranh lun v cc vn chi tit, v th m c ton b chui m phn. Tuy vy trong mi hon cnh cn phi ni v ci cng c nhng tng c nu ra n y: trong cuc gp g ln trc cng y, cng th, trc d lun rng ri, trc nc Hungary lo u theo di, chng ta trnh by nguyn vng hp tc ca mnh, trong tinh thn trch nhim vi dn tc. ng bo chng ta, t nc, nhng c th ni rng, ton b nc Hungary, ton b Chu u ch n chng ta vi nim tin tng v k vng. By gi, nh kt qu tranh lun ca chng ta nhng ngy va qua, nh kt qu ca cc cuc tranh lun ca chng ta nhng gi va qua v trn c s nhng tuyn b c nu ra y, chng ta chng t rng, cc nh c cng b l chn thnh, s tm kim tho hip l c c s. Chng ta vt qua c cc by ban u, gt b c nhng chng ngi lc khi hnh, c nhng kt qu chung tnh to, to lng tin u tin. y ti ngh c v cc vn kinh t cng c a vo chng trnh ngh s, c n vic khng a ra cc d lut, m cc vn ni dung ca chng chng ta phi tranh lun y, ra trc k hp ti y ca Quc hi.
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Ti cng ngh n rng, t cc tuyn b c nu ra y c th cm thy l, trong mt s vn cc lp trng tin gn nhau hn so vi nhng kin ln trc. Thay mt cc t chc x hi tham gia vo Bn th Ba chng ti cm thy rng, cc quan im tin li gn nhau, v cc vn c bn hnh thnh rt nhiu kin chung, v tt c vic ny to c s to nim tin cho vic, chng ta c th tho lun thc cht cc vn cn tranh ci v nht tr vi Szabad Gyrgy, khng phi cho chng ta, m l tm ra cc gii php tt nht cho dn tc. Trong tinh thn ny chng ta lm vic, tip tc tin ln! Xin cm n. Szrs Mtys, ch tch Quc hi: Cm n tr li ca Nagy Imre. Ti hi, t pha Bn th Ba cn ai mun pht biu khng? Khng. Knh tha cc bn m phn! V c bn chng ta n cui phin hp ton th th hai. Khng phi nhim v ca ti i xp loi, nh gi cng vic ca cc bn m phn. Tuy nhin vi s hi lng ti mun ghi nhn rng, t cc tuyn b, t cc cu tr li, t nu cc kin ti cm thy c thin chung, c n lc hp tc v c tinh thn sng to. Ti coi y l vic quan trng. V quan trng l, hi vng c cng c. Ti rt hoan nghnh iu, m Szabad Gyrgy din t rng, cui cng th tt c cc bn m phn hnh ng ng, nu lm vic sao cho nhn dn, dn tc Hungary, l ngi thng cuc trong cc cuc m phn ny. y l iu quan trng nht. Vic th hai, m ti mun ghi nh: Thay mt Quc hi v bn thn, ti c th tuyn b li ln na, cho cc cuc m phn c kt qu tt nhin trong tng lai chng ti cng s c gng lm ht sc mnh m bo cc iu kin k thut v cc iu kin khc cho cc cuc m phn. Ti ngh, vic ny thuc v cc vn ni dung. Trn c s bo hiu trc ca cc bn by gi ti khng th tuyn b phin hi ngh ton th tip theo s din ra chnh xc khi no. Ti ngh, sau y cc chuyn gia s hnh thnh lp trng chung c v vn ny na. C l ti cng c mt thng bo mang tnh k thut, theo cc bn m phn c th tip cc nh bo quan tm cc phng khc
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nhau ti y trong Nh Quc hi. Cc i din ca ng CNXHCN th d phng hp s 56 trn tng chnh, cc i din ca Bn trn i lp phng hp s 55 trn tng chnh, cn cc i din ca Bn th Ba phng 54 trn tng chnh c th gp g vi cc nh bo hay tr li cc cu hi ca h, nu c nhu cu nh vy. kt thc: ti chc cho cc bn m phn, cho tt c nhng ngi c mt y s thng hiu ln nhau, cho ton b x hi chng ta, cho nhn dn chng ta s sn sng hp tc v chc thnh cng. Cn vi cc i biu quc hi, nhng ngi c l nghe thy chng ta, ti yu cu s thng hiu, ti yu cu s thng hiu t h. Cho n cuc gp g tip ti chc tt c nhng ngi c mt cng tc tt! Tm bit! Chc mi s tt lnh! Hi ngh kt thc lc 18 gi 55 pht. Bn nh my sch. - MOL P. 2117. 7. hp, 3. i. sz.
Hi ngh ton th cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc 18/9/1989 (Bin bn)
Bin bn v phin hp ton th ca cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr din ra ngy 18/9/1989 ti Phng Th sn ca Nh Quc hi. Chng trnh ngh s: Tranh lun vn c m phn cp trung chuyn ln hi ngh ton th: nhn nh tnh hnh chung v trng thi php lut nh nc sau khi Hin php c hiu lc. K tho thun v kt thc giai on gia 13/6/1989 v 18/9/1989 ca cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr. Ch to phin hp: Horvth Lajos, Ph ch tch Quc hi. Th k B Jakab Andrs v Kanyr Erika cc tc k ca quc hi. Horvth Lajos, ch tch phin hp: Knh tha cc bn m phn! thay mt lnh o quc hi, ch tch Quc hi Szrs Mtys i cng tc xa ti trn trng cho mng cc qu v, chc hi ngh thnh cng, cng vic thnh cng. Theo bo co ca u ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung ph trch vn qu ho bnh, cc bn t s thng nht trong chun b nhiu d lut. Ph hp vi vic ny trong phin hp ton th hm nay cc i din ca ba bn m phn trnh by cc tho thun, trn c s chnh ph c th trnh cc d lut cho k hp gn nht ca quc hi. Ti ngh, y l kt qu rt quan trng ca cng vic ca cc bn m phn ko di nhiu thng vi s quan tm ln ca x hi. Trong qu trnh m phn, gia 10/6/1989 v 18/9/1989, hp 238 cuc hp cc cp chuyn gia v u ban, tng thi gian l gn 1000 gi lm vic. Trong cc cuc m phn ny 1304 ngi 73
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tham gia, v tng cng c 3439 trang bin bn, v s trang c sao chp ln gn 200 nghn t. Quc hi chu phn khng nh chi ph cho n nay ca cc cuc m phn, v Quc hi m bo ba phng m phn cho ba bn m phn. Cc qu v tn knh Quc hi bng cc cuc m phn ca mnh v Quc hi c gng to kh nng m phn ph hp cho cc qu v. V phn mnh ti mun ni ngn y li nhp v cc iu kin k thut. Ti ngh, nhng ngi tham d phin ton th, v nhn dn trong nc by gi quan tm n cc tho thun c th, v th theo nhng tho lun s b ti nhng li cho i din ca ng CNXHCN, Nyers Rezs. Nyers Rezs, ch tch ng CNXHCN: Knh tha hi ngh! Cc qu b v cc qu ng! Vi kt qu ca ba thng m phn kh khn chng ta n gii hn giai on. Vi ch k ca mnh chng ta c th xc thc cho ng thun chnh tr t c v cc nguyn tc v cc quy tc phc v cho qu ho bnh. Kt qu chung ny, lm bng cho tnh xy dng, nh tho thun v s t kim ch ca ba bn. Ti cho l, chng ta i mt bc di v pha ch chnh tr, trong ch chnh tr xut pht t cng dn, v ch ny do cc nh ch da trn cc sng kin tht v t di ln ca x hi thc hin. Ngi nh dn tc ca nn dn ch s l mt tc phm, m cng vai st cnh, vi n lc chung chng ta dng ln. T thng nm 1988 ng CNXHCN kin nh tin trn con ng ci cch, t mc tiu thc hin ch ngha x hi dn ch. Chng ta sng thi o ln s phn. Khon cc ca cc quyt nh ca chng ta l tng lai ca dn tc. ngn chn khng hong ln su i hi thay i m hnh chnh tr, nh nc php quyn, cc nh ch ca mt nn dn ch ngh vin hin i. Ch ny xt v thi chung ch c th da trn tnh kin nhn, s thng hiu ln nhau.Chng ta hy chp nhn li cnh bo trc ca Kossuth Lajos: "ng ci v v vic, chng ta l g, hy on kt li cho ci, chng ta s phi l!" ng CNXHCN, cn nhc n c cc bi hc chnh tr ca qu kh lch s mi y ca chng ta, coi dn ch, nguyn l dn quyn
PHIN HP TON TH NGY 18-9-1989
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l cc gi tr khng th thay c bng th khc. Tuy nhin trong thc tin chng ti cng suy ngh v hnh ng. Chng ta phi ch n l, chng ta cn thc hin thay i m hnh chnh tr vi vic duy tr tnh c th iu hnh c ca t nc. Tt c chng ta c trch nhim kh nng hot ng ca nn kinh t vn tn ti gia nhng thay i quan trng. Ch c mt con ng ra khi khng hong kinh t: tng tc trit qu trnh ci cch kinh t, ko ngy cng hiu qu hn cc ngun lc bn ngoi, gia nhng th khc c dng vn hot ng. Mt trong nhng iu kin khng th thiu c cho iu ny, tuy vy, l s n nh i sng chnh tr ni b ca chng ta. Mt t nc t cn x nhau, y ry him khch ng phi khng th tnh n chuyn l i tc hp dn ca chnh ph cc nc pht trin, v c cc gii ti chnh tin t quc t coi l khu vc u t c trin vng. Nh chnh sch i ngoi c th tnh ton c v tm kim hp tc ca ng CNXHCN m trong cc thp k qua Hungary ginh c cho mnh s knh trng v uy tn nc ngoi mt cch chnh ng. Li ch sng cn ca chng ta l, chnh sch i ngoi Hungary trong tng lai cng phc v cho s n nh v hp tc chu u. Cc t chc dn ch c i din y cng c th ng gp v ng gp cho uy tn ny. Chng ta phi lm cho s hp tc ca chng ta vi cc khu vc pht trin ca th gii thm su sc, bn cnh chng ta cn c gng, pha ng ca Chu u khng c nghi ng ngha v lin minh ca chng ta. Khi on i biu m phn k vn kin v cc tho thun s b, ng chng ti c dn dt khng phi bi phng thc chuyn giao quyn lc, m bi mc ch thay i cch thc hnh quyn lc. Ti mun nhc nh rng, bn thn ng chng ti khi ng vic d b nh nc ng, v coi vic thit lp nh nc php quyn l nhim v chnh ca mnh. Chng ti tin rng, vic xy dng cc nh ch cng c coi l hin i mc chu u s u phc v cho n nh chnh tr, qu ho bnh v s ng thun mi ca dn tc. Vi vic xy dng ch i ngh a ng chng ti khng coi vic lm cho nguyn l dn quyn c hiu lc, vic xy dng nn dn ch l xong. Trong khi chng ti rng buc mnh ng h
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nn dn ch i din da trn h thng a ng, chng ti cng ln ting ng h vic t chc khng c mc ch chnh tr ca cc cng dn c m rng, c mnh ln, xy dng rng ri cc chnh quyn t qun. Lp trng ca ng CNXHCN l, kt thc giai on u ca cc cuc m phn n lc trnh ra trc Quc hi cc d lut, m t c s nht tr. kin ca chng ti l, Quc hi hon ton c th thc hin s mnh lch s ca mnh trong qu sang nh nc php quyn. T quan im ca s sun s ca qu v ca cc nguyn l dn ch, chng ti coi l khng th chp nhn c cuc vn ng triu hi trn lan gy kh khn cho cng vic ca quc hi. Li ch ca t nc l, chng ta t chc bu c t do cng sm cng tt. Nhng lm vic ny cng cn rng, hot ng v s qun l ca cc ng din ra gia cc m bo php l, cc khun kh php l c trt t. Thc tin ca cc nn dn ch t sn pht trin rn bo rng, ng ngn cn hot ng ca cc ng cc lnh vc, ni khng mu thun vi cc i hi ca nh nc php quyn. ng CNXHCN - trc tin vi t cch ng ca nhng ngi lm cng v th cng nht quyt rng, quy nh php l, lut ng cm s t chc ni lm vic. ng CNXHCN coi nh ch tng thng c tm quan trng ln. Chng ti ngh, li ch dn tc chung gn vi vic bu tng thng hy din ra trong nm nay. Mt gii php nh vy c th c tc ng lm yn lng i vi c cng lun lo bun, trc mt cuc bu c quc hi c nhiu trin vng thng, v trc nhng phc tp ca mt chnh ph nhiu ng c th xy ra. S hp l cng sai bo lm iu ny khi chng ta ngh n cc nhim v lin quan n duy tr v ci thin cc mi quan h quc t ca nc ta. Nh th trong thi hn c th thy trc, s c bu c quc hi Hungary. Nhn danh on i biu ca mnh ti mun xc nhn li: ng chng ti chp nhn s sc trong cc cuc bu c t do, ch s by t ch ca x hi mt cch t do mi lp ra c mt quc hi mi, thc c trch nhim vi vn mnh dn tc v ng thi c s ng h ca dn c mi c th thc hin cng vic lp php ca mnh.
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ng CNXHCN tu thuc vo kt qu bu c sn sng cho vic, cng vi cc ng khc chia s trch nhim chnh ph. Khng th trnh khi, trong tnh hnh hin ti cc lc lng chnh tr quan tm hn n vic phn nh ra vi nhau, n vic hnh thnh v gii thiu v mt chnh tr ring ca mnh. Bt chp iu ny trong cc thng ti chng ta phi lm vic cho cm gic trch nhim chung v hp tc vn ng tr chnh trng bt chp cc li ch ng ch k. Chng ta ng trc cc thng quyt nh, cng ph thuc khng t vo nhng ngi ngi trong phng ny: chng ta c bit tn dng c hi lch s c mt khng hai ca chng ta hay khng? Chng ta c xy dng nh nc php quyn dn ch h tr cho hin i ho hay khng? ng cnh t, x hi ch ngha ci cch by gi ang ti sinh ca chng ti ng vin lc lng ca n tn dng c hi lch s, v ku gi tt c mi cng dn Hungary cm thy trch nhim vi s phn t quc hy ng h vic ny. Xin cm n s ch . Ch tch: Cm n. Ti hi, ai pht biu nhn danh Bn trn i lp? Xin mi Tlgyessy Pter. Tlgyessy Pter: Bn trn i lp ch nghe li pht biu ca ch tch ng cm quyn, Szabad Gyrgy s ni li p ca chng ti. Szabad Gyrgy: Knh tha hi ngh! Nhng pht trc y chng ti vn cn nhc cc t, thng nht cu ch, v chng ti c gng c ng vo tt c cc im, m chng ti c th ng . Nu chng ta ngh li s khi hnh vi thng trc y, chng ta phi ni: chng ta t c nhiu t ci khi chng ta nu thnh mc tiu, d khng phi tt c. Cng lun nc ta s mau chng bit, chng ta c th ng v ci g, v v ci g chng ta c th i cht cc lp trng ca chng ta vi nhau, v hi vng, cng lun s hiu v sao chng ta m phn khng v ch v khng phi trn u ca nhn dn. Khi bt u cc cuc m phn ny, dng mt din t chng ti ni: chng ti khng coi bn m phn l bn nh bc, ni mt bn c ng bng s bn kia mt. M chng ti coi bn m phn ny l ci, theo hi vng ca ti, chng ta cng c th tr thnh. Chng ta bit nng n thnh chic bn, trn hnh thnh mt nn tng, nn tng pht trin ca nc Hungary tng lai.
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Nyers Rezs trch Kossuth. Hy ti p li nhng iu ng va ni bng nhng li: "Ci chng ta t c thng t nm 1848 Kossuth din t th ny khng phi l tt c, nhng l nn tng ca hy ti chua thm: c th l nn tng ca - s pht trin tng lai ca chng ta." Ci chng ta c th hnh thnh y, nu d lun chnh tr Hungary bit i x tt vi n, nu cc lc lng chnh tr Hungary bit i x tt vi n, th c th l c s hnh ng khng ch n thun cho cc ng, khng ch n thun cho cc chnh tr gia tranh ua nhau, m c th l c s cho nhn dn v nhng ngi c u quyn ca n, xy dng trn nn mng khim tn ny to nh tng lai ca nn dn ch Hungary. C th, nhiu ngi s ni rng, nn tng ny l hp; chng ta ch ni vi h, hy thm vo i. C th, s c nhng ngi s ni rng, s m bo l cha , ci by gi c th to ra cho nn dn ch Hungary tng lai, chng ta ni vi h, hy gi gn ly ci by gi chng ti c kh nng ginh c, v hy thm nhiu vo, chng ti s gip h, nu h c th m rng nn tng, nu h c th lm giu cc kt qu c th em li cho nhn dn ny. Chng ti khng mun t bt c th g khc ngoi kh nng cho nhn dn nhn ra sc ca chnh mnh, v dm dng sc lc y, c th trong cc cuc bu c t do. Chng ti mun to iu kin ca mt qu ho bnh, c l khng thnh cng bo m ngay tt c, nhng chng ti ngh, cho vic nhn dn nhn ra sc lc ca chnh mnh by gi c th hnh ng trong cc khun kh do lut php m bo, nhn ra ngha ca dn ch, bng con ng t do ngn lun v by t ch v tng lai ca mnh. Nhiu ngi trong chng ta y, c l khng bao gi cn bc vo chnh trng mt cch tch cc na, chng ti chuyn ch ca mnh cho nhng ngi c th gnh vc kh nng xy dng tng lai v tip tc xy dng trn c s cc nn tng, nhng tt c chng ta s ch rng, ng ai dm lm tn hi ci chng ta t c d nh gi n l t hay -, ci m chng ta to ra vi t cch khon tm ng ca nn dn ch thay cho s chuyn quyn, v hy c thm c hi xy dng thm. Chng ti t chc, ng vai tr ca chng ti, nhiu trong s chng ta gnh vc cng vic xy dng tip, cng vic sa cha vi hi vng rng, ci chng ti lm, trong hin ti v tng lai
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nhn ra nh lo lng cho dn tc, s chnh trc ca con ngi, s tn trng lch s Hungary v chu u v lng dng cm ca nhng con ngi sn sng hnh ng nhng ngi n sau chng ti to ra ci tt hn, i xa hn, c kt qu hn. Chng ti mun ngn y. Chng ti hi vng, sau chng ti h s c phng tin gii hn chng ti, can m hn chng ti, c kh nng sng to hn chng ti, tip tc i t c s chc chn mang li nhiu hn na cho nhn dn chng ta b him nguy, nhng [chng ta hi vng] bit ngng cao u trn nhng him nguy. Xin cm n. Ch tch: Xin cm n. Ai mun pht biu t Bn th Ba? Bugr Nndor: T Bn th Ba Nagy Imre pht biu. Nagy Imre: Ngi ch tch! Tha cc bn m phn! Knh tha ng bo ang theo di chng ti! Thay mt cc t chc x hi tham gia vo Bn th Ba ti hn hoan cho mng kt qu t c vi cng vic ko di trong cc cuc m phn. Bng con ng ny - k c trc s ch ca d lun rng ri chng ti tuyn b, rng chng ti thng nht vi cc d lut c tho chung, chng ti thc gic trnh chng ra trc Quc hi. Chng ti tin rng, cc d lut ny m bo s s tt cho qu ho bnh m mi ngi u mong mi, ph hp vi nhng li ch thc s ca a s tuyt i ca x hi Hungary. Cng vy chng ti ng c vi cc tho thun khc khng th c a vo quy tc lut. Cc cuc tranh lun xy ra trc ngy hm nay, trc tho thun ngy hm nay ko di hn cn thit v mong mi so vi trc y, nhng tt c chng ta u mun lm mt cng vic c trnh cao, c c s, c l iu ny l gii cho s ko di. Cc tho hip hnh thnh mt cch chm chp, ngay c y vo nhng pht cui cng chng ti lm vic ny. May mn l trong cc tun va qua cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr c tng tc, v chng ti cho nhp ny l cn thit, ng mong mi trong thi gian ti na. Knh tha cc bn m phn! Theo di s ch lo ngi ca ng bo chng ta vi thng trc y chng ta cng hp sc li tuy l cc t chc tin hnh tranh lun chnh tr vi nhau, v i khi xung t nhau -, cng nhau tho ra trnh t, cc quy tc v nhng m bo ca qu ho bnh, c trch nhim t mt s thc hnh x hi b tht bi, nhng vn tn ti v hot ng trong ng hoang tn ca n sang mt con ng mi ph hp hn vi
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nhng i hi ca s pht trin chu u v cng ph hp vi qu kh lch s ca chng ta, c mi ngi cng mong mi, nhng hm nay vn cha tn ti, tc l chng ta m nhim vai tr xy cu xy chic cu gia Hungary ngy hm qua v Hungary ngy mai. Cn mt cy cu chc chn, n nh. Cn cy cu n nh, bi v qua khng ch cc gii hp u t ca cc ng, m c dn tc phi i qua. Cn n nh, bi v nh c th thy trc - s chen chc, s x y s ln, nhiu khi c gia cc t chc ngy nay vn ngi cnh nhau cng mt bn. Ti cho l quan trng nhn mnh, chng ta dm nh gi tch cc v tn trng cc kt qu t c - nh Szabad Gyrgy din t, v ti rt ng vi ng ta -, y chng ta t nn mng cho nn dn ch Hungary tng lai. Nh th chng ta dm nh gi tch cc, nhng ng nh gi qu. Ti cho l quan trng nhn mnh iu ny cng bi v nhiu hiu lm v nhiu o tng v cn c cng i cng cng vic ca chng ta. Nhim v ca chng ta l tho ra kin ngh chung cho qu ho bnh. Chng ta hp sc li vi nhau lm vic, phc v, v khng phi quyt nh. Quyt nh l nhim v, l thm quyn ca lp php, ca Quc hi, m - ngc vi nhiu i tc m phn ca chng ti chng ti khng ch cho l hp php, m cng l c trch nhim v c lp na. Quyn quyt nh ca chng ta l khng th c ngay ch v cc t chc khc nhau ngi ba bn ca chic bn cng nhau cng chng c ngha l ton b x hi Hungary, l s a dng c gi tr, v s khc bit ca n. V cng nh chng ti cng u tranh v s cng nhn s ngang quyn ca ring chng ti ch vi nhng ngi c kh nng suy ngh v cc cuc m phn gia cc ng, th cng th chng ti phi nhc nh n s quan tm ca cc t chc khng c mt y v ca cc cng dn khng t tp vo cc t chc na. Vn c bn khc, cn phi nhc n y: chng ta lm vic v qu v to nn tng ch khng phi v to ra h thng nh ch ca nc Hungary dn ch ca ngy mai, ngay c khi cng khng, khi tt nhin chng ta bt u vic to ra nhiu nh ch, c l v di hn cng c gi tr. Chng ti coi ch i ngh, s chun b cc cuc bu c t do v vic t chc n l rt quan trng, nhng tt c iu ny cng
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nhau cng ch l mt mng, mt mng quan trng, nhng c l khng phi l mng quan trng nht ca nn dn ch ca chng ta, bi v theo lp trng ca Bn th Ba s hnh thnh ca s t qun, ca i sng dn s t nht cng l mng quan trng nh vy. Knh tha cc bn m phn! Chng ta to ra mt mng ca h thng iu kin v cng c ca qu ho bnh, chng ta thng nht v sa i Hin php, v bn trong v vic thit lp nh ch [tng thng] nc cng ho. Cc t chc tham gia vi t cch Bn th Ba thy cn bu tng thng nc cng ho cng sm cng tt, mt cch trc tip di hnh thc dn bu. Chng ta tho thun v mt h thng bu c hin i, tt, nhng hy ni chn thnh, hi phc tp, bn trong chng ti thy gii php cho kh nng ca cc t chc x hi khng mun hot ng vi t cch ng. Chng ta tho thun v cc vn lin quan n hot ng, n qun l ca cc ng, v nu quc hi chp nhn kin ngh ca chng ta, c th hnh thnh cc m bo ch nh cn thit, nh To n Hin php hay nh ch tng thng nc cng ho. Nh th c ci chng ta bo v, c ci chng ta cng ng h, cng thc hin. Tuy vy chng ta vn cha lm xong cng vic. Ti ngh khng ch n cc vn , vi t cch nhng cng vic chun b sau ca cc d lut vn cn trc mt chng ta, cng cn phi ni v cc iu kin khc ca qu ho bnh, ngay ch bi v theo nh gi ca cc t chc tham gia Bn th Ba th cc cuc m phn kinh t b dn li pha sau mt cch khng xng ng trong cc thng va qua. Th m nu chng ta xem, ci g c th e do qu ho bnh, ci g c th e do vic, rng cc v tr ca ngy mai thc s c quyt nh trong cc cuc bu c t do, th cng cn phi ni v cc vn ny. Bi v nu cc vn x hi tr nn cng thng, v qun chng khng cn tin vo cc hnh thc dn ch na, th chng ta c to ra h thng nh ch hon ho nht cng ch l v ch. ng qun rng, nhng ngi ngi quanh bn y, a s h - nu khng mc ngang nhau - u thuc v cc tng lp phong lu hn ca x hi. im khc cn phi ni n l, cc v tr ca ngy mai cng c th c ng ng ng sau hu trng di hnh thc x xo v nguyn tc ti sn nh nc, cho n khi chng ta n cc cuc bu
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c, th nh vic ri thay cho mt h thng bt cng hin tn ti trong thc tin, li l mt h thng trn c s ti sn cn bt cng hn na. C l c v nh s lm hng cuc l, rng ti i ni v cc nhim v cn lm khi k tho thun. Nhng chng ta khng i d l, m vi nh gi, tn trng cc kt qu t c n nay chng ta mun hnh ng tip. Xin cm n s ch . Ch tch: Xin cm n. Knh tha cc bn m phn! Nh th c s thng nht ni dung trong nhng vn quan trng nht, c cha ng trong d tho tho thun sp c k. Ti cm n quyt nh c trch nhim ca cc qu v, cm n thng bo v vic ny v s ca ngi cc cuc m phn. Ti yu cu cc bn m phn, hy vui lng k tho thun, yu cu quc v khanh Pozsgay Imre vui lng tin hnh cc bin php tip theo a tho thun n cho chnh ph, v yu cu tt c chng ta hy thc y vic thc hin tho c c tm quan trng lch s, c trch nhim ny. Pozsgay Imre mun pht biu. Pozsgay Imre: Ngi ch tch! Cc qu b v cc qu ng! Trong khng kh vui mng v long trng ny ti mun a ra mt thng bo khch quan, tin rng, vic ny khng lm hng cht g khng kh vui mng. Mt vn quan trng m trong m phn cp trung chng ti chuyn ln cho phin hp ton th: vic phn x tnh hnh chnh tr v cc tnh trng cng lut sau khi Hin php c hiu lc, vn l, cho n khi bu c tng thng nc cng ho, ai m nhim cng vic nguyn th quc gia. on i biu ng CNXHCN, tuy lp trng v vn ny ca n l khc, nhn ra cc l l lin quan n vn ny, thy tnh duy l ca cc kin ngh ca Bn trn i lp, i n kt lun chp nhn xut ca Bn trn i lp, theo cng lc khi cc sa i hin php c hiu lc Hi ng Ch tch nc t chc, v cho n khi bu c tng thng nc cng ho theo cc tiu chun c quy nh trong lut, ch tch Quc hi thc hin chc v nguyn th quc gia. Ti phi a ra thng bo ny, v nh th tin rng, y l mt ng gp mi na cho vic chng ta c th tuyn b cc cuc m phn ca chng ta c kt qu. Xin cm n s ch ca cc qu v. Tlgyessy Pter: V pha Bn trn i lp Antall Jzsef xin pht biu.
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Antall Jzsef: Ti cm n thng bo ca quc v khanh Pozsgay. Ti ngh rng, cc k quan trng lm r vn ny, bi v nu khng th vo lc sa i hin php mi sinh ra th chng ta vi phm hin php mt ri, cha chc c thi im thch hp v dp thch hp n mng. Th m iu ny xut xy ra, v chnh v th y l nim vui c bit cho chng ti, rng trong khng kh ny on i biu ng CNXHCN nh gi lp trng ca chng ti c t quan im cng lut ln chnh tr v bin thnh ca mnh. Chng ti hi vng, vic thc hin trong thi gian ti cng s tip tc vi ng x ng n v tng t, vi lp trng tng t. Cm n. Ch tch: Ti yu cu Bn th Ba cng nu kin ca mnh. Nagy Imre: Knh tha cc bn m phn! Ti c th din t rt ngn gn, c ng: Bn th Ba ng vi tho hip va hnh thnh y v vn ny. Ch tch: Cm n. By gi ti yu cu cc qu v hy k tho thun. (Tlgyessy Pter gi tay xin pht biu). Vn cn g cha r sao? Tlgyessy Pter: Thc ra by gi chng ta c th chuyn sang tho lun vn quan trng nht, v nh th chng ta vn cn kh xa ni v s ng thun hon ton. Vn quan trng nht l bn cnh [vic thnh lp] nh ch nguyn th quc gia l thi im v phng thc bu nguyn th quc gia. V vn ny Bn trn i lp khng th hnh thnh lp trng thng nht. Trong cc t chc ca Bn trn i lp c bn t chc c quan im khc quan im ca nm t chc khc. Trong chn t chc ca Bn trn i lp th nm t chc c chiu hng chp nhn bu c trc tip, v bu c trc cc cuc bu c quc hi. Bn t chc khng th chp nhn gii php ny, v th sau vic ny trong m phn Bn trn i lp s i theo cch, rng u tin nm t chc ca Bn trn i lp a ra tuyn b ca mnh v vn ny, sau cc t chc thiu s s a ra tuyn b. Ti chuyn li cho Antall Jzsef. Antall Jzsef: Ngi Ch tch! Cc qu b v cc qu ng! Sau thng bo ca Tlgyessy Pter v vn c th ny ti s trnh by lp trng ca nm t chc, cc t chc v cc ng a ra lp
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trng nhn t quan im ca c nhm vn v ca s ng thun, cng nh trn c s ton b cc kt qu [ t c]. y l cc t chc, c lp trng ng h nhng iu s c trnh by di y: Hi hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre, ng Tiu ch c lp, ng Nhn dn T do Thin cha gio, Din n Dn ch Hungary, ng Nhn dn Hungary. Bn t chc khc, [trong ] c mt t chc tham gia cc cuc m phn vi v th quan st vin, hay ng hn ng X hi Dn ch nc Hungary, m bn trong khun kh bn t chc th cng c lp trng ring, [v] cn li Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do v Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr th c lp trng ging nhau. Tm li: nm t chc a ra lp trng nh a s - di y, hai t chc c lp trng hon ton ging nhau - Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do v Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr, v bn cnh Lin on [Dn ch cc Cng on c lp] tham gia vi t cch quan st vin, khng c quyn ph quyt, th ng X hi Dn ch s cn trnh by kin ring. Tt nhin cc t chc ny s nu kin ca h ring. Ti mun trnh by lp trng a s chung. Khin ngh ca chng ti nh th l, ly bn sa i hin php nm trc mt chng ta, c B T php son tho nh kt qu ca cc cuc m phn gn y nht, ngy 12-9, ly [ci ] lm c s, trong on ca 15. , 29/A. (1) hy ghi l, Quc hi bu ra tng thng nc cng ho cho thi hn bn nm, nh th l da vo iu lut I. nm 1946. Phn vn bn chn vo 4. ni v bu c tng thng nc cng ho trn c s iu 4. ca iu lut I. nm 1946. Ngoi ra on (3) ca iu 29/B. , vit nh th ny: "Vic bu c tng thng nc cng ho do mt lut c hiu lc hin php quy nh." Phn vn bn ny cn c nhn mnh v x l ring y. T y rt ra l, nm t chc ny mun tin hnh sa i hin php sao cho, trong hin php mi khi phc li hnh thc nh nc Hungary vi t cch l nc cng ho. Hin php nm 1949 lm cho hnh thc nh nc ny- nh nc cng ho - mt hiu lc, hnh thc c chp nhn bi quc hi c bu trong cuc bu c t do u tin nm 1945 sau chin tranh th gii ln th hai. L gii v vic ny ti a ra nhiu ln ri, ti khng i chi tit.
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Vi vic ny Bn trn i lp mun cho bit rng, vic phc hi v chuyn sang hnh thc nh nc cng ho khng c ngha l mt lut c to ra trc no trn u nhn dn, cng nh sa i hin php, m l chng ta quay li hnh thc nh nc cng ho do quc hi c bu t ch t do ca nhn dn lp ra, theo quan nim ban u, n mc, lut nc cng ho ny trc tip da trn iu lut III. nm 1848, da trn lut lm nn mng cho nc Hungary hin i v mt php lut nh nc, tuyn b nguyn l trch nhim ca b. Chnh v th c bit quan trng i vi chng ti, rng chng ta hy quay li vi lut ny, vi quan nim ny. Nh th iu ny c ngha l sa i cng lut. ng thi n tnh hnh v cng kh khn, m qu a ra nc Hungary ngy nay, tt nhin chng ti l nhng tn ca vic l, hy c qu ho bnh. Hungary, nu nhng ngi nc ngoi khng can thip vo, th bn thn cc qu lun lun yn bnh, cc cuc cch mng Hungary cng khng mu. Chnh v th chng ti l tn ca iu ny, v trn tinh thn ny vi t cch mt phn ca s tho thun tng th to thnh [vn kin] ca ton b m phn, cho thi k qu , nh mt ngoi l chng ti chp nhn rng, iu khon cui cng vit nh th ny: "Nu vic bu tng thng nc cng ho din ra trc [bu c] Quc hi mi, trong thi k ca qu chnh tr, th cc c tri trn c s quyn bu c chung v cng bng, s bu trc tip tng thng vi phiu bu b mt cho thi hn bn nm." Chng ti mun gn thm ngn y vo hin php nh iu khon b sung cui, xut pht t s thc rng, thi k qu c bit lm cho c th v ng thi cng l gii cho s phn bit ny, v ng thi cng c ngha v ngha v mt thng lut ca iu ny l r rng -, rng trc khi quc hi mi hp th mt tng thng nc cng ho c bu trc tip hy ng u t nc, nhng v tng thng nc cng ho ny, ngi c bu bng bu c trc tip, s l ngi c b nhim ca nh ch, m chng ta to ra v chng ta nguyn, tc l ca nh ch tng thng nc cng ho, c chng ta thit lp li y gia cc bc tng ny trn c s tnh lin tc ca lch s Hungary. Ngoi ra bu tng thng nc cng ho th cn s tham gia ca hai phn ba c tri v phi t a s tuyt i, tc l t nm
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mi phn trm s phiu cng mt phiu, v tt c iu ny chnh nh mt phn ca tho thun chnh tr chng ti mun gn vo vi ngha v rng, cng vi quyt nh v bu c tng thng nc cng ho cng c ngha v tuyn b bu c Quc hi, v sau bu c tng thng nc cng ho chm nht trong vng chn mi ngy l bu c Quc hi mi. Theo tho thun c k cc iu khon ring phi ni v tt c nhng iu ny, m vic tho chnh xc chng c th c gii quyt theo nh trn. Nm t chc v ng, nhng t chc gnh vc vic ny, cho rng thc c trch nhim lch s h lm vic ny v trong h thng gi tr, ni chng ti c th t c nhng kt qu, m chng ta bit. Chng ti ngh rng, tng thng nc cng ho, ngi s c bu trn c s dn quyn, trong trng hp ny trc tip v th c th din ra bu c, bi v h thng i din vn cha c hiu lc hon ton chnh ng. Chnh v th cn bu tng thng nc cng ho di hnh thc nh vy, v chng ti ngh, trong trng hp ny, khi t chc hnh thnh ca nn dn ch i din vn cha th hot ng c theo hnh thc, m chng ta quy nh vi sa i hin php v chng ti hi vng s chp nhn n, th nhn dn c th quyt nh mt cch trc tip. Chng ti hon ton tin tng rng, nhn dn Hungary khng bao gi a ra quyt nh xu. Chnh v th chng ti m nhn vic, chp nhn iu ny vi mt iu b sung cui ca hin php. y l lp trng ca nm t chc l gii rng, v sao chng ti c lp trng nh vy khi a nh ch tng thng nc cng ho vo. Cm n. Ch tch: Hy ti ni ci g , trc khi ti nhng li cho Tlgyessy Pter. Thng bo v kin ngh v iu khon b sung cui a n tnh th khng d, ngay c ch v th cng khng, bi v theo tho thun k ngy 10-6-1989 ba bn tham gia cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr, v khng phi bn trong ba bn vn cn t chc khc nhau. Chnh v th ti yu cu, nhn danh bn t chc c kin, xut no , th ti yu cu hy trnh by trc khi ti chuyn li cho hai bn m phn khc cho kin.
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Tlgyessy Pter: Nhn danh Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do ti mun trnh by kin ca mnh khng ch v vn nguyn th quc gia, m v ton b qu trnh m phn. Cc cuc m phn hip thng dn tc khi ng vi mc ch l, ng cm quyn v cc t chc to thnh Bn trn i lp vi s tho thun chung hy gt b cc tr ngi chn ng ca vic tin hnh cc cuc bu c t do v ca qu ho bnh dn n dn ch. By gi, khi d tho tho thun ang ch c k, chng ti phi xc nh rng, chng ta ch thnh cng mt phn nh ca nhim v. C th coi l kt qu: d lut v quyn bu c, kin ngh sa i hin php xut b tuyt i a s cc t ng m t h thng ng-nh nc; d tho sa i b lut hnh s v b lut t tng hnh s loi tr vic sn ui nhng ngi thc hnh cc quyn chnh tr. Cc tho thun ny mt phn da trn cc nguyn l c tt c cc bn cng nhn, th d nh ci cch lut hnh s, mt phn da trn nhng tho hip c i c li, nh lut bu c. V cc vn c bn khc tuy vy khng thnh cng, bi v ban lnh o hin ti ca ng CNXHCN ln trnh mi nhng b thc cht. khng mun chm dt cc t chc ca mnh ni lm vic, khng cam kt bo co v ti sn thuc s hu ca mnh hay do mnh qun l, khng t b cc t bo tnh, khng ng gii tn lc lng t v cng nhn. Ngc li c khng khng i lp nh ch tng thng nc cng ho trc c cc cuc bu c t do, v i bu tng thng trc khi bu quc hi mi. Trong hon cnh nh vy chng ti khng thy c bo m, rng cc cuc bu c s l thc s t do v da trn s bt bnh ng v c hi gia cc ng. Cn phi tnh n mi nguy him, rng ng CNXHCN cu cc v tr quyn lc ngoi quc hi sang thi k sau cc cuc bu c, iu c th lm cho quyn lc ca cc c quan dn c thnh kh nghi. Ph pha mnh chng ti khng k tho thun trng thi hin nay, tuy vy chng ti khng mun lm t lit cc t chc khc ca Bn trn i lp vi lp trng thiu s ca chng ti, v th chng ti tm ngng cc quyn ca mnh ny sinh t , rng Bn trn
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i lp, vi t cch mt bn m phn ch c th quyt nh vi s thng nht ca tt c cc thnh vin ca n. Nh th chng ti to phng thc cho cc t chc bn k tho thun, nhng t chc coi vic ny l hp l. Theo xut ca ng CNXHCN v cc vn cn tranh ci chnh ph s trnh lp trng ca tt c cc bn ra trc quc hi. Theo kin ca chng ti Quc hi hin ti khng th quyt nh v cc vn nh hng n qu , m cha c s nht tr gia ng cm quyn v phe i lp [v tuyt i a s i biu thuc ng cm quyn]. Chnh v th mi cn n cc cuc m phn, bi v Quc hi ny khng thch hp biu l ch ca nhn dn. V th chng ti xut, hy t chc trng cu dn v cc vn quyt nh cn bn n qu dn ch. Nhn dn hy quyt nh rng, c xc nhn s tho thun t c khng, v lm g vi cc vn cn tranh ci. Trc ht hy quyt nh v cc t chc ng c rt khi nhng ni lm vic hay khng. Rng bu tng thng ch din ra sau cc cuc bu c quc hi t do. Quyt nh v vic ng CNXHCN c phi bo co v ti sn thuc s hu ca mnh hay do mnh qun l hay khng v c gii tn lc lng t v cng nhn hay khng. Chng ti ku gi cc thnh vin khc ca Bn trn i lp hy tham gia vo sng kin i trng cu dn . Chng ti ku gi ng CNXHCN v Bn th Ba ng cn ng trng cu dn . Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do. Sau y Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr a ra tuyn b ca mnh. Kvr Lszl: Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr ngi xung bn m phn vi gi nh rng, n c th coi tuyn b ca ng CNXHCN mt cch nghim tc, theo h s ng h vic xy dng ch a ng, vic t chc cc cuc bu c dn ch, v tr li cho x hi Hungary cc quyn, khng vi t cch cc qu tng, m vi t cch quyn ca chnh mnh c hng. Ngc vi iu ny on m phn ca Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr bun phin nhn thy rng, ng CNXHCN khng coi s bnh ng v c hi ca cc cng dn v cc t chc ca h l phi c cng nhn trc, m h lin tc c t vic to ra n ph thuc vo vic Bn trn i lp chng t s mm do mc
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no trong cc vn c cho l khng gn cht vi qu ho bnh. Trong qu trnh m phn nhiu ln xut hin s thay i thi ca ng CNXHCN theo chiu hng tiu cc, bin s c tin ca n thnh s h nghi trc chng ti. Bt chp iu ny cc t chc ca Bn trn i lp trong c Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr - thc c trch nhim trc x hi a ra hng lot cc tho hip, kin tr bn cnh bn m phn. Bn trn i lp t b lp trng ban u ca mnh, v chp nhn rng vn quc hi ny lp ra nh ch tng thng nc cng ho, a ra nhng nhng b ng k lin quan n nh ch t v cng nhn, v n vic thnh lp To n Hin php, i li n mun c nhng nhng b tng t. Tuy vy n khng th t c, rng bu tng thng nc cng ho hy din ra sau cc cuc bu c quc hi, rng ng CNXHCN hy ng gii tn lc lng t v cng nhn khng c tha k php l, rng hy thu li s lng ln v kh c nhn ca cc thnh vin cc nhm nht nh, rng ng CNXHCN hy rt khi cc ni lm vic, rng ng CNXHCN thanh l ti sn kim c trong bn thp nin qua cho x hi. Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr coi tt c nhng vn ny l cc vn lin quan mt cch c bn n qu ho bnh, v v di hn cng c th nh hng n kh nng chu ti ca nn mng ca nn dn ch Hungary tng lai. N khng tho mn vi cc gii php, m d tho tho thun cha ng lin quan n vn ny, v n khng th ng h, v th n tham gia vo tuyn b va c c nhn danh Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do. Ch tch: C ai pht biu na khng t Bn trn i lp? Tlgyessy Pter: Cn i din ca Lin on Dn ch cc Cng on c lp v ng X hi Dn ch s pht biu. Gask Istvn: ng X hi Dn ch ng vi vic thnh lp bn thn nh ch tng thng nc cng ho, bi v n thy s lin tc lch s trong gii php ny, tuy nhin phng thc bu c bit ca n, v thi im bu trc bu c quc hi th khng chp nhn c. Nhm lm cho cc tho thun khc m bo cho qu ho bnh c hiu lc, chng ti cho tho thun l tho hip c th chp nhn c. Chnh v th chng ti s k v chp nhn tho
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c. Tuy vy kin ring v tng thng nc cng ho chng ti s mun ghi km vo nh li ghi ch ca tho c. Xin cm n. Csk Mihly: Lin on Dn ch cc Cng on c lp tham gia trong cng vic ca Bn trn i lp nh c nhc n - vi t cch quan st vin. Ph hp vi t cch n c mt y c ti m phn hip thng chnh tr na. V th trn nguyn tc chng ti khng ngh rng, v vn tng thng nc cng ho, mt vn chnh tr tiu biu nht, chng ti cn hnh thnh lp trng no y. Chng ti y ln ting trong cc vn lin quan n quyn li ca nhng ngi lm cng, theo di vic tho lun chng, v nu kin ca chng ti. Mt vn nh vy trong cc vn ca chng trnh ngh s hm nay l s hin din ca cc ng ti ni lm vic. V vn ny lp trng ca Lin on Dn ch cc Cng on c lp l r rng, v ai cng bit rng, chng ti coi s hin din ca cc ng ti ni lm vic l khng ng mong mun, chnh bi v n gy kh khn, chng cho vo vic thc hin cc li ch ca nhng ngi lm cng. Theo ngha ny chng ti phn i khng phi xut pht t nhng cn nhc chnh tr ng m xut pht t nhng cn nhc i din li ch. Lp trng ca chng ti khng n thun lin quan n ng CNXHCN v h hin c t chc ni lm vic, m kin ca chng ti cng chnh xc l th i vi cc ng va thnh lp na, cc ng trong tng lai c th mun xut cc quan h, cc t chc ni lm vic, cc hot ng nh hng n bo v li ch. Tng t - nu khng mnh n nh vy chng ti cng quan tm n vn lin quan n ti sn ng, vic ny khng ng chm trc tip n chng ti, nhng v vn ti sn cng on c trn chng trnh ngh s, v vy cch x l ti sn ng gy mi quan tm trong gii chng ti, v c dng nh tm gng. Ti c th ni, mt tm gng khng trn ngp nim vui. Tt nhin nhng ngi c u quyn m phn ca chng ti s bo co cho cc t chc nghip on ca h, v s ch hi vin thng qua hay bc b cc bc, cc tuyn b c h tin hnh y. y l bc tip theo, chng ti s phi bo co v vic ny. Chng ti hi vng s nhn c php, bi v trong cc bc m chng ti a ra ny, chng ti theo cc quyt nh n nay ca hi vin, nh s ch o nguyn tc.
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V vy chng ti, vi t cch quan st vin, s khng k vn kin c trnh y, nhng iu ny theo chng ti cho n nay khng h nh hng n vic cc ng s tin hnh cc bc no trong thi gian ti, y l vic ca cc ng. Ti xin cm n s tham gia. Ch tch: Ti hi, cn ai mun pht biu trong s cc t chc ca Bn trn i lp ? Szabad Gyrgy: Ti mun phn hi ngn gn i vi nhng iu va c ni. Chng ti khng t b bt k im no trong tuyn b nh ca chng ti ngy 21-6, lp trng ca chng ti lin quan n bn cht ca d tho hip c c chng ti, cc t chc ca Bn trn i lp nh gic khc nhau hin nay, v c bn l thng nht. Chng ti coi l kt qu mt phn, v s khc bit ch l, mt b phn ca cc t chc ca Bn trn i lp coi l kt qu mt phn, m da vo nh gi nhng ci khc l c th t c. V th chng ti yu cu cng lun nc ta hy nhn nh s khc bit cch nhn ny ca chng ti l nh vy, rng s khc bit ny khng phi l v mc tiu dn ch ho Hungary, m l v phng thc, v chng ti hi vng, cng vi hai bn m phn ca chng ti s li gp nhau cng vi tt c cc t chc ca Bn trn i lp trn con ng thc hin nn dn ch i din. Xin cm n s ch ca qu v. Ch tch: Cn ai mun pht biu khng t Bn trn i lp? Tlgyessy Pter: Ti rt khng mun tip tc tranh lun ni b ca Bn trn i lp trong cuc hp ton th ny, nhng trong mi trng hp phi khng nh rng, Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do khng th k tho c ny v n thy rng nm t chc sn sng k i trch khi tuyn b nh. Trong mi trng hp ti phi nhn mnh vic ny, ng l li ni vang ln cui cng, ni rng, vic ny khng xy ra. Ti nhn mnh mt ln na, phin m phn ton th ny khng phi l ni cho tranh lun bn trong ni b Bn trn i lp. Antall Jzsef: Ngi Ch tch! Cc qu b v cc qu ng! Trong mi trng hp cc t chc ca Bn trn i lp chng ti nht tr rng chng ti khng mun tip tc tranh ci. Hin nhin, v nhng khc bit quan im v nhng khc bit v nh gi cc
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tuyn b ng n v khng ng n s c a ra bn ngoi cc bc tng ny na- hy tin vo iu . Vn khc, m ti mun chm n l, nm t chc v ng, nhng ngi nh gi ton b s tho thun mt cch tch cc, coi n l c s, t c th i tip. Coi l c s, m c ngha l tho c, v ch c th quy trch nhim v tho c vi bn kia, v chng ti ngh rng, chng ta i n mt tho c ngay thng, t t, v chng ti s quy trch nhim ca cc ngi v n. Chnh v th tt c nhng ci chng ta tho thun v to thnh phn ca nc Hungary u chu hin i ang c sinh ra, mt hin php chu u, mt quyn bu c chu u hin i, v mt h thng ng u chu hin i, l nhng ci chng ti khng mun gy nguy hi cho. Gia cc quan h i ngoi, i ni v chnh sch kinh t, chng ti tin rng, cc bn i lp khc ca chng ti cng thy nh vy, nhng ngi tuy c lp trng khc, nhng da trn nhng cn nhc khc. Chnh v th Bn trn i lp s tip tc hot ng bt chp nhng khc bit quan im, v trong cng vic lp php tip chng ti cng nhau mong c tham gia. Tng kt tt c iu ny, chnh v tt c nhng th cn phi lm, chng ti s cng nhau hot ng, chng ti s theo ui cc mc tiu ny. Hin thi ti ngh, cn ni ngn y, v thm iu ny na, rng chng nhng v vn t v cng nhn, chng nhng v vn rt cc t chc ng khi ni lm vic, nm t chc ny li khng c thi dt khot, k cc cc kin ngh v cc d tho- v chng ti cng bo v vic ny nh th. Ti mun xc nhn tt c iu ny ch trnh c hiu lm. Nh th ti ngh, chng ta c bc tranh sng sa v, chng ti thng nht v vn g, v nh gi khc nhau v ci g. Cm n.. Ch tch: Xin nhng li cho Bn th Ba. Nagy Imre: Ngi Ch tch! Cc qu b v cc qu ng! Chng ti chm ch nghe lp trng ca cc i din ca cc t chc thuc Bn trn i lp, thy s phi by ng n tranh ci ca h trc cng lun. Tuy gia cc t chc ca Bn th Ba cng c tranh ci v v s vn , chng ti b qua vic trnh by v gii thiu iu ny chi tit y. C l ti mun ni thm ngn ny vo nhng th va nghe c, rng chng ti khng t gi tr v tnh dn ch ca mt cuc m phn l thuc vo vic tt c cc vn
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ban u do chng ti nu ra c c chp nhn hay khng. Chng ti cho l hon ton t nhin, rng mi bn, c ba bn phi a ra cc nhng b, phi tm cc tho hip, bi v ngy nay v trong tng lai na t tho thun th ch c th theo con ng ny. Chng ti vui mng thy rng cc t chc ca Bn trn i lptuy kin ca h c khc nhau v h by t - khng mun cn tr vic trnh cc d lut ny ra trc quc hi- nh Tlgyessy Pter trnh by. Chng ti ng vi kin, m ngi Antall Jzsef ni on cui. Chng ti cng coi cc tho thun t c n nay l c s, l nn tng nh trong tuyn b c lc u chng ti cng by t, v cc vn rt quan trng tip theo, trong cc vn m ng ta nhc ti chng ta cng phi cn tm ra gii php. Gii php, m chng ta s phi quy trch nhim ln nhau. Chng ti cng cho mng vic h ng h tip tc cc cuc m phn, nh th chng ta s tip tc cc vn sp ti. Vic tht s lin quan n vn ca chng trnh ngh s, kin ngh v phng thc bu tng thng nc cng ho u tin sau khi thit lp nh ch tng thng nc cng ho, lp trng cho n nay ca Bn th Ba lun r rng: chng ti cho vic bu trc tip l ng mong mi v cn thit. Chng ti chp nhn thi hn bn nm, v ng h c vic bu tng thng nc cng ho trc bu c quc hi na. Chng ti khng mun tranh lun v vn , rng mun hn sau ny vic bu tng thng nc cng ho s din ra th no. Khng, cng bi v chng ti tin rng quc hi mi nh kt qu ca cc cuc bu c t do s phi quyt nh vn ny trong khun kh lp hin. kin ca chng ti ngy nay khc vi kin m nm t chc ca Bn trn i lp by t, nhng chng ta c th bnh tnh ng, treo vn ny- theo nim tin ca chng ti. Ch tch: V pha ng CNXHCN Pozsgay Imre xin pht biu. Pozsgay Imre: Ngi Ch tch! Cc qu b v cc qu ng! on i biu ng CNXHCN cng chng mun ni chen vo cuc tranh lun, v nh gi vi vn , m ch yu v nh gi mt vn quan trng ny sinh bn trong ni b Bn trn i lp. Trc ht chng ti mun by t kin i vi xut, nh trong ton b qu trnh m phn chng ti chng t thi tng t. Tuy th
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ti vn khng th b qua cc kin v nhn xt c nh gi thp cc kt qu c sinh ra chnh bn m phn ny. Ti khng tin, rng nhng li ni cng nhn long trng v r rng cc kt qu ny trong ngy m phn hm nay l nhng li gi di. Ti khng tin, rng nh gi di dn nhng ngi coi v nh gi iu ny l kt qu quan trng, l nn tng trong thi k qu ho bnh.. Hy ti ni iu ny na, rng on m phn ca ng CNXHCN trc ht bo v phm gi ca cc cuc m phn. N chng bao gi chp nhn ging iu, v nh gi cc s vic no , chnh v vn c th ny m by Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do v Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr a ra. Chng ti khng tin, rng bt k ai cn ngi vo bn m phn t v th xt x ca mnh. Tt c chng ta bit v th nhng cm by ca nhn thc xt x, c l pha ny chu trch nhim vi nhn dn nhiu hn phn nhng cng dn khc- iu ny chng ta bit ngay t u ri-, nhng khng th chp nhn nhng cm by ca nhn thc xt x - y l ti din t vi li p - lm v th m phn c. Nu gi nh chng ti bt chc kiu ny, th chng ta rt d m ch cc nhn xt va c nu ra hm nay y vo lnh vc tuyn truyn, v h c th li dng tnh cng khai c th hiu c theo trch nhim ca h- y tt nhin l chuyn ca h. Ci thc s gy kinh ngc trong chng ti- v ng ai coi y l s ci chy ci ci -, rng y li xut hin cc kin ngh cn bn v quyt nh, nh s tranh lun ca tt c, hay ca a s cc lut bng con ng trng cu dn , m l ra c th a ra mt cch bnh tnh ngay t nhng ngy u ca cc cuc m phn. Chng ti c th sung sng lm quen vi cc xut ny, v chng ai trong chng ta ln trnh tho lun chng. Th th ai b nh lc hng? Hin nhin l nhn dn, nhng ngi- cht lc cc mu m cng khai ny n - buc phi ch theo di cc cuc m phn ny, v t s cng khai ny nhiu nht c th rt ra mt trng thi hn n. Ti tin, y by gi chng ta khng c php b qua iu ny. Thm mt cht na, ci gy trong ti s kinh ngc ln hn, ci ny c th l, ti e rng, tai ho thc s y khng phi l xung quanh chuyn dn quyn. Ni e ngi ca ti, v sau y trong cc
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cuc m phn tip thao hy c thuyt phc ti rng vic ny khng c c s, l Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do v Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr cng chng tin vo quc hi tng lai, s c bu mt cch t do, bi v nu gi nh tnh ti cao ca n, th chng g cn tr vic by t ch ph hp v vic lut ho li n c, nu ng l thy tnh hnh cn phi tranh ci bn m phn. Ti mun ni iu ny bi v vi s t ngt ny v s e ngi ny, v vi s khinh thng i vi nhn dn nh th ny ti khng tin rng, chng ta khng nn xng vo thi k qu ho bnh. Chng ti khng t m xoi mi xem, da trn nhng kt lun no m i tc m phn ny hay kia li i n kt lun ny hay kt lun n, v chuyn mt kin ngh c th - tuy lp trng ca chng ti v vn ny l khc chng ti cng c th tin gn hn n mc tiu, chng ti sn sng cn nhc cc tho hip ny, bi v chng ti coi qu ho bnh l quan trng, v th chng ti coi lp trng ca nm t chc l c th chp nhn c. Ti nhc li, iu ny lch xa nh v lp trng m phn ban u ca ng CNXHCN, nhng chnh v tinh thn ca qu ho bnh c nhc ti nhiu ln nh vy y, khng phi bn xt x, m ng bn s dm ng u m n chp nhn vic ny nh mt tho hip. Xin cm n, ti mun ni ngn y. Tlgyessy Pter: Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do ngi vo bn m phn y vi thc rng, trong qu trnh cc cuc m phn chng ta t tho thun, trn c s chng ti lm tt c t nc ny cui cng c c cc cuc bu c t do, nhng chng ti khng th a ch k ca mnh cho bt c bin php no vt ln trc phm vi quyn hn ca Quc hi do dn bu mt cch t do. S thc l, cho n tn pht cui cng chng ti hi vng rng bn m phn ny s khng c quyt nh ct yu tht s vt trc quc hi c u quyn trong cc cuc bu c t do, v th chng ti c nhng nhng b rt ct yu trong nhiu vn . ni n ri l, chng ti chp nhn vic thnh lp To n Hin php, khng bi v vi vic ny chng ti mun i trc cc cuc bu c t do, m bi v bn thn chng ti cng thy, rng hin php c phc ho y i th-v ton b ng c bo v ca to n hin php. Tng t chng ti chp nhn vic
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thnh lp nh ch ombudsman v nhiu bin php khc. Nhng ng thi chng ti khng th chu trch nhim v vic, chng ti ng bu tng thng trc cc cuc bu c t do, m vic bu tng thng c th a lch s Hungary vo mt hng hon ton khc. Ti nhn mnh, chng ti khng nh gi thp cc kt qu, chnh v th chng ti ng khng dng quyn ph quyt cc bn m phn khc, cc t chc i tc ca chng ti c th k tho c. ng l chng ti nh gi cc kt qu ca tho thun, tuy nhin ti mun nhn mnh rng, chng ti khng th k mt tho thun khng bao hm vic rt cc t chc ca ng cm quyn khi ni lm vic, khng chm dt quyn lc ca ng-nh nc thm su n ni lm vic, khng gii tn lc lng t v cng nhn khng c ngi tha k php l, ngc li, li bao hm vic thnh lp nh ch nguyn th quc gia. Chng ti quyt nh, v vic chng ti khng ghnh vc trch nhim, lch s Hungary khng i theo hng dn ch, khng i theo hng qu ho bnh, m trong trng hp c th ny c th i theo hng mt h thng tng thng. Tm li: chng ti c gng to iu kin cc i tc m phn ca chng ti c th k mt tho c m h cho l bc tin ln pha trc. Vi nhng e ngi ca chng ti chng ti khng th k, bi v trong tho c ny thiu nhiu yu t, m i vi t chc ca chng ti l khng th thiu c chng ti c th k. Kvr Lszl: Theo ti, v hi vng tranh lun xung quanh vn ny s cn ko di trong cc din n cng khai. T pha t chc ca ti y by gi ti khng mun bt u vo, nhng nhn danh Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr ti bc b nhn xt ca Pozsgay Imre, m ng gn cho lp trng xut pht t quan nim chnh tr ca Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch Tr nh ng khinh mit nhn dn. Pozsgay Imre: Chnh Kvr Lszl cho quyn ni iu ny, bi v - ri cc bin bn s trch dn li bi ni ca ng ta ng s dng nh ng vi ng CNXHCN. Ch tch: C ai pht biu na khng? Antall Jzsef: Chng ti khng mun tip tc tranh ci, bi v c l s l tranh lun di v tn. Tlgyessy Pter c mt kin v vn quyn lc ca tng thng, ti tin ng ta bit k nht rng
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trong sa i hin php c a ra cng nhau th nh ch tng thng l khng th c. Ti mun ni thm ngn y, nhng th khc chng ta cho lch s v nhn dn Hungary nh gi, chng ti gnh vc trch nhim, h cng gnh vc, v chng ta c th tip tc cng vic. Ch tch: Knh tha cc bn m phn! Cn ai pht biu na khng? (Khng.) Ti xin, cc qu b v cc qu ng! tin ln pha trc, v cc d lut c a ra trc Quc hi, th nhng ngi ng vi cc tng nu trong d tho tho c phi k mt tho thun no . V th ti yu cu nhng ai sn sng cho vic ny, xin mi hy lm iu , hin nhin nhim v v trch nhim ca chnh ph l trnh cc d lut ny ra trc Quc hi, cng thng bo cho phin hp ton th ca Quc hi v cc kin phn i. C ai c kin phn i tm tt ca ti khng? (Khng.) Xin mi cc qu v k. (Cc bn k tho thun.) Cc qu b v cc qu ng! Knh tha cc bn m phn! Nu cc v k tho thun, th chng ta hon thnh cng vic hm nay, ti tuyn b kt thc phin hp ton th. Bn nh my. - MOL P. 2117. 7. hp s, 19. i. sz.
Tho thun v kt thc giai on gia 13-6-1989 v 18-9-1989 ca cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr
(Bin bn) THO C v kt thc giai on gia 13-6-1989 v 18-9-1989 ca cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr Cc i din ca ng Cng nhn X hi Ch ngha Hungary, cc t chc thuc Bn trn i lp, cng nh cc t chc v phong tro x hi to thnh Bn th Ba xc nh, rng giai on ko di khong ba thng ca cc cuc m phn bt u ngy 13-6-1989 kt thc vi nhng kt qu. Cc bn tuyn b rng, ph hp vi cc nguyn tc nu trong tho thun c bn cc cuc m phn phc v cho vic to ra cc iu kin chnh tr v php l ca qu ho bnh, s hnh thnh nh nc php quyn dn ch da trn h thng a ng, cng nh vic tm kim li thot khi khng hong x hi, kinh t. 1. Cc bn xc nh, rng nh kt qu ca cc cuc tho lun, s nht tr ca nhng ngi tham gia v cc vn bn cht, ct yu ca qu ho bnh, c hin thn trong su d lut sau: - d lut v sa i Hin php; - d lut v To n Hin php; - d lut v hot ng v qun l [kinh t] ca cc ng; - d lut v bu c cc i biu quc hi; - d lut v sa i B lut Hnh s; - d lut v sa i lut t tng hnh s. Cc bn gi cc vn kin k trn nh km vi tho thun nh trng vi cc mc tiu chnh tr ca h cho ch tch Hi ng B trng. Yu cu [Th tng] lo chnh ph trnh cc d lut ra trc Quc hi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca lut XI. nm 1987 v lm lut. Cc gii php la chn kh d khc nu ti cc d lut i km vi s trnh by chnh xc lp trng ca ng CNXHCN v Bn th Ba. Chng ti ghi nhn, rng trong s cc lp trng khc nhau nu trong cc d lut th cc lp trng do Bn trn i lp 98
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a ra mang hnh thc tuyn b. Cc bn xc nhn quyt tm ca mnh, rng h khin t chc ca mnh chp nhn cc tho thun, h i din chng trc cng chng, ngoi ra m bo cho vic lm cho chng c hiu lc vi tt c cc cng c chnh tr m h c. 2. Cc on i biu ca ba bn m phn k cc tho thun chnh tr ring v mt s vn khc, m do bn tnh ca chng khng i hi c iu chnh php l ring. S lit k mt phn l s gnh vc trch nhim ca cc bn m phn, cn mt phn l cc kin ngh cho cc c quan nh nc, hay c quan t php. Cc bn nghi nhn, hay ng hn kin ngh, rng: - qu ho bnh ko di t khi bt u cc cuc m phn n phin hp thnh lp Quc hi mi hnh thnh bng con ng cc cuc bu c t do, cc tho thun chnh tr lin quan n giai on ny; - nhng ngi tham gia cc cuc m phn hip thng ba bn c hng quyn bt kh xm phm chnh tr, cng nh c nhn lin quan n hnh ng ca h gn vi cc cuc tho lun ny. V cc tuyn b ca h y, h ch chu trch nhim duy nht vi cc t chc c h. (Cc bn yu cu b trng b ni v, b trng b t php, ch tch To n Ti cao v Vin trng vin Kim st m bo quyn bt kh xm phm ca nhng ngi lin quan.); - mi loi phn bit ni lm vic, c tnh cht chnh tr u vi phm tinh thn ca tho c, cng nh quan nim ca cc bn v nh nc php quyn, v thc hin cc quyn cng dn; - vic tm hon p dng cc bin php cng bc ca c quan cng an trong thi k qu l mt bc lm tng lng tin quan trng. (Cc bn yu cu b trng b ni v tin hnh cc bin php cn thit.); - ph hp vi lp trng hnh thnh ti U ban Thin ch ca cc cuc m phn cn phi tho p lc nng ln Quc hi v cc thnh vin ca n. Nhm mc ch ny c th phi trnh cho cc i biu khi nhng vic triu hi v cn c v nhng li ku gi t chc; - ch chnh tr a ng v c bn khng th l gnh nng vt cht i vi x hi ln hn ch mt ng;
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- y nhanh cc cng vic ca chnh ph nhm to cc iu kin tho ng cn thit cho hot ng ca cc ng, cc t chc mi, cng nh cc ng v cc t chc c khi phc li. (Cc bn yu cu ch nhim Vn phng Hi ng B trng, tin hnh cc bin php cn thit.); - ng CNXHCN cho du hiu chng t s t kim ch trong lnh vc qun l, chuyn li cc bt ng sn c gi tr hai t forint do n cai qun cho cc c quan chnh ph s dng cho x hi, k c vic bo m cc iu kin hot ng cho cc ng; ngoi ra tr li ngn sch 50 triu forint trong s tin h tr trong nm ti chnh ny; - cho chin dch tranh c ca cc ng vin bu i biu quc hi cn khong mt trm triu forint, s tin ny s c phn chia gia cc ng vin, hay ng hn gia cc ng v cc t chc c ra cc ng vin trn c s chun mc. (Cc bn yu cu b trng b ti chnh lo m bo s tin .); - trong cng vic ca cc nh ch truyn thng quc gia hy ngay lp tc thc hin nguyn tc v t. cho mc ch ny lp ngay mt u ban truyn thng v t bao gm cc c nhn do cc t chc ca ba bn ngh; - thc y s n nh chnh tr ng mong mi vic bu tng thng nc cng ho trong nm nay. 3. Cc bn xc nhn, rng trn c s cc kt qu t c n nay, cn tip tc cng vic gii quyt cc vn cn b ng lin quan n qu ho bnh. Cc u ban chuyn gia hy n lc chun b cc tho thun v cc ch sau y: - trnh t bu tng thng nc cng ho; - quy tc o c ca cc cuc bu c; - cc quy tc ca tnh cng khai ca cc cuc bu c; - lut thng tin mi; - lut tin hc; - lut cng v; - cm phn bit ni lm vic trong B lut Lao ng; - cc vn lin quan n ci to lc lng t v cng nhn (cc kin ngh ca Bn trn i lp gii tn t v cng nhn); - loi tr gii php bo lc ca cc vn chnh tr.
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Cc on i biu ca phin hp ton th u quyn cho u ban cp trung chuyn v cc vn ca qu ho bnh k kt cc tho thun cn thit trong cc ti c nu trn. Cc i din ca ba bn m phn tuyn b, rng cc nguyn tc v cc quy tc phc v cho vic thc hin qu ho bnh cng nhau, trong mt khi thng nht to thnh tho thun chnh tr. By t nim tin ca h, rng vi vic k vn kin ny h i mt bc quan trng n vic thnh lp nc Hungary dn ch da trn ch i ngh, v trn con ng lm cho s phn dn tc tt hn ln. Budapest, 18-9-1989. i din cho ng CNXHCN Hungary: Nyers Rezs, Pozsgay Imre i din cho Bn trn i lp: Dr. Vigh Kroly, Dr. Ztnyi Zsolt Hi Hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre .......................................................................................... Lin minh Dn ch Tr Dr. Boross Imre, Prepeliczay Istvn ng Tiu ch-, Th u- v T sn c lp Dr. Fzessy Tibor, Dr. Teleki Jnos ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio Dr. Antall Jzsef, Dr. Szabad Gyrgy Din n Dn ch Hungary Varga Csaba, Knya Lszl ng Nhn dn Hungary Baranyai Tibor, Gask Istvn
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ng X hi Dn ch nc Hungary Chng ti khng ng bu tng thng nc cng ho trc cc cuc bu c quc hi t do. .......................................................................................... Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do i din cc t chc v phong tro x hi to thnh Bn th Ba: Dr. Kemny Csaba Lin hip La chn Cnh T Dr. Bugr Nndor Mt trn T quc Nagy Imre Lin minh Thanh nin Dn ch Hungary Dr. Srkzi Sndor Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng pht xt Dr. Asbtn Thorma Judit Hi ng Ton quc Ph n Hungary Bernyi Ferenc Hi Mnnich Ferenc .......................................................................................... Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on
TRNH T CC CUC HI NGH BN TRN CH YU Thng 1/1989 n thng 4/1990 10-11/1/1989 K hp Quc hi sa i hin php, thng qua o lut v quyn lp hi, trong c ni n quyn thnh lp ng, nhng quy nh chi tit s l nhim v ca mt lut ring. Cng thng qua lut v quyn hi hp. B trng t php tuyn b rng hin php mi c chun b, u ban lut php Quc hi c bn s tho. 11/1/1989 Mt trn Thng Ba Mi cng b nhng phc ho ca mnh v chnh sch ca qu t ch c ng sang nn dn ch i din. Kin ngh thnh lp U ban Dn tc Ton quc phi hp hot ng gia cc t chc, phong tro chnh tr, x hi khc nhau nhm thc y vic lp hin php mi v cc o lut c bn lin quan. 20/1/1989 Cc i din ca ng Cng nhn x hi ch ngha Hungary (ng Cng sn, gi tt l ng CNXHCN) v Din n Dn ch Hungary (gi tt l DDC) t chc hi tho ti Trng cao ng chnh tr. 10-11/2/1989 Hi ngh BCH T ng CNXHCN ra ngh quyt nhm ci cch su sc h thng th ch chnh tr, cn c chuyn i ho bnh sang ch dn ch i din trn c s a ng, BCH T ng CNXHCN cng u thc cho mt t cng tc tin hnh trao i vi cc t chc chnh tr x hi v cc vn ni dung, t chc, v th l ca s hp tc chnh tr. Hoan nghnh sng kin ca Mt trn Thng Ba Mi, nhng khng nh, khng c g l gii cho vic sp xp li cn bn qu trnh sa i hin php. 18/2/1989 103
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11 t chc chnh tr c lp ra tuyn b hoan nghnh lp trng ca BCHT ng CNXHCN. Kin ngh m phn bn trn vi s tham gia ca chnh ph, lnh o ng CNXHCN v cc t chc chnh tr dn ch nhm xc nh cc iu kin bu c ra quc hi lp hin. 20-21/2/1989 Hi ngh UBT ng CNXHCN thng qua quan nim v hin php mi, trong cho bit khi d tho cc iu khon hin php phi tnh n s hnh thnh h thng a ng trong tng lai gn. 4/3/1989 Cc i din ca ng CNXHCN m phn vi on i biu ca Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng Pht xt Hungary, Hi Mnnich Ferenc, v ng tiu ch c lp (ng TCL). 5/3/1989 on i biu ng CNXHCN m phn vi cc i biu ca Hi ng Ton quc Cc T chc Thanh nin Hungary, ng Nhn dn Hung (ng NDH), ng Dn ch X hi (ng DCXH), Din n Dn ch Hungary (DDC). 6/3/1989 Cc i biu ca ng CNXHCN Hungary v Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do m phn ti tr s trung ng ng CNXHCN. 8/3/1989 Ti Quc hi cc i biu Quc hi thng qua quan im v hin php mi xc nh vic thit lp chc v tng thng v xo b Hi ng Ch tch nc. 15/3/1989 Theo li ku gi chung ca cc t chc c lp, biu tnh ln, tch khi cc l nghi chnh thc [k nim ngy cch mng 15-3], din ra thnh cng Budapest.
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Din n Lut gia c lp ra li ku gi cc t chc c lp v cc ng, kin ngh h tin hnh ngay nhng cuc m phn vi nhau v hnh thnh lp trng chung v cc vn c bn ca qu trnh chuyn i dn ch. 19/3/1989 Hi ngh ton th Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do thng qua tuyn b v thnh lp bn trn ca cc t chc c lp. Khng a ra tuyn b c ni dung ging tuyn b ca Din n Lut gia c lp, v tham gia vo sng kin ca Din n Lut gia c lp. 22/3/1989 Ti Khoa Khoa hc Nh nc v Lut trng i hc ELTE hnh thnh Bn trn i lp (phe i lp). 8 t chc (Hi hu ngh Bajcsy - Zsilinszky, Lin minh Dn ch Tr, ng Tiu ch c lp, Lin minh Dn ch cc t chc Cng on c lp, Din n Dn ch Hungary, ng Nhn dn Hungary, ng Dn ch X hi Hungary v Lin minh Dn ch T do) hp tho thun theo li mi ca Din n Lut gia c lp, v ra mt ngh quyt. Theo cc t chc i lp, c lp, thnh lp Bn trn i lp, l cc t chc n lc tin n quyn nhn dn t quyt, v mong mun tip tc phi hp cc hot ng chnh tr ca h. Cc t chc ny khng chia chc nhng c li ca c quyn quyn lc, khng lin minh vi cc t chc c n lc nh vy. Cc t chc ny ch tip nhn thm cc thnh vin trn c s ng thun. 30/3/1989 Cuc hp ca Bn trn i lp thng qua mt tuyn b gi cho BCHT ng CNXHCN, tr li vic nhng ngy trc ng CNXHCN mi bng in thoi nm t chc n hp. Tuyn b a ra iu kin m phn tay i gia phe i lp v ng CNXHCN, trong c tt c cc thnh vin ca phe i lp tham gia mt bn. Kin ngh chng trnh ngh s ca phin m phn u tin (m bo cho qu trnh dn ch ca vic lp hin, to cc iu kin bu c t do,) v khng nh rng h ch coi nhng m phn gn vi th ch lp php l c ngha. Fejti Gyrgy, B th BCHT ng CNXHCN gi giy mi ti 5 thnh vin ca phe i lp. Trong - vin vo cc cuc m phn
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tay i din ra cc tun trc - kin ngh thit lp mt din n hip thng (tr b) nhiu bn vo ngy 8-4-1989 ti Vin Hn lm Khoa hc. Cc t chc Mt trn T quc, Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng Pht xt, Hi Ph n, Hi ng Ton quc cc T chc Thanh nin Hungary, Hi Mnich Ference, Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on, v Mt trn Thng Ba Mi cng c mi. Nhim v ca din n hip thng l to c s cho trao i kin v cc vn m cc t chc tham gia cng xc nh, cng nh hnh thnh lp trng chung; cc vn kin v kin ngh c thng qua s c gi ti cc c quan i din ca dn v chnh quyn. 6/4/1989 Chuyn vin ca BCH T ng CNXHCX, Tth Andrs pht biu ph phn thng co ngy 30-3 ca Bn trn i lp, nhng thay mt nhm m phn ca ng CNXHCN vn gi li mi gi cho cc t chc chnh tr v x hi. 7/4/1989 Cuc hp Bn trn i lp thng qua tuyn b lin quan n li mi hp vo ngy 8-4 ca ng CNXHCN. Trong cc t chc i lp tuyn b, v khi chun b cuc m phn ngi ta khng n cc kin ngh ca h, h thy khng c bo m thng tho mt cch xng ng. H tuyn b thm rng Bn trn i lp c ra mt u ban hot ng tr b, v mong i s lin lc ca ng CNXHCN qua con ng Din n Lut gia c lp. 8/4/1989 Trong hi m do ng CNXHCN loan bo, Knya Imre ca Din n Lut gia c lp n, chuyn cho on m phn ng CNXHCN tuyn b c thng qua hm trc ca Bn trn i lp v ra v. Sau Bn trn i lp hp bo gii thch l do s vng mt ca h. Cc i biu ca Mt trn T quc, Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng Pht xt, Hi Ph n, Hi Mnich Ference, Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on c mt trong cuc hi m, ngoi ra c cc i din ca mt nhm ca ng Tiu ch c lp.
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Nhng ngi tham d tuyn b tip tc mong i cc t chc chnh tr c trch nhim vi s phn ca t nc tham gia vo cc cuc m phn chun b cho din n hip thng. 14/4/1989 Nhng ngi tham d cuc hp Bn trn i lp quyt nh rng phi chun b xong mt d tho cc iu kin tin quyt ca vic m phn s tin hnh vi ng CNXHCN cho phin hp sau. 19/4/1989 Trn c s d tho do Tlgyessy Pter chun b cuc hp Bn trn i lp ra nhng kin ngh ca mnh cho cc cuc m phn vi ng CNXHCN. Vn kin c thng qua nu chi tit cc lp trng m phn ca Bn trn i lp. U quyn cho Slyom Lszl v Tlgyessy Pter tin hnh m phn tr b. 22/4/1989 Cc chuyn vin ca Bn trn i lp v ng CNXHCN hp tr b ti khch sn Ngoi giao. Phe i lp i ng CNXHCN tuyn b cam kt tun theo nhng i hi hin nh v cng nhn h l bn bnh ng vi mnh mt cch hp php. ng CNXHCN -vin n cc lp trng trc y ca mnh- cho rng iu khng cn thit. Bn trn i lp ch trng m phn hai bn, ng CNXHCN ch trng m phn nhiu bn. Bn trn i lp nu mc ch m phn l t tho thun v cc quy nh php l to iu kin cho chuyn i dn ch, cng nh v thi im bu c quc hi; vn lp hin, vic lp cc nh ch Tng thng v To n Hin php l nhim v ca Quc hi s c bu mt cch t do. ng CNXHCN mun m phn c v cc vn kinh t, x hi, v vn ho (ngoi vn Tng thng v To n Hin php). Cc bn din t kin ca mnh v cc vn th l ngh s ca m phn thc cht, v tnh cng khai ca cc cuc m phn v v cc hnh thc thng bo cho cng lun. 28/4/1989 Trn c s bo co ca Slyom Lszl v Tlgyessy Pter nhng ngi tham d cuc hp Bn trn i lp tho lun nhng kinh nghim m phn tr b vi ng CNXHCN.
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1/5/1989 Cc t chc ca Bn trn i lp tham gia din n ra mt trong khun kh l hi 1-5 ca cc cng on c lp ti nh ht Jurta cng vin Npliget. 2/5/1989 i din Bn trn i lp v ng CNXHCN li hp tr b ti Cu lc b Kossuth. Theo lp trng ca Bn trn i lp on i biu ca h l thng nht, t xc nh cc thnh vin v s ngi tham gia ca mnh, v tuyn b rng v im ny h khng c bt c nhng b no. Tuy nhin ngc vi lp trng trc y h sn sng m phn c cc vn kinh t, x hi. Cc bn thng nht rng cc hip thng chnh tr t c trong m phn phi bao gm d tho cc quy nh php l v cc bin php nh nc thc hin chng. Hai bn tip tc cc cuc tho lun v vn thng bo, v cc cng c chnh tr thc hin cc tho thun, v tr th lao cho cc chuyn gia v v a im hi m. 8/5/1989 Cuc hp ca BCHT ng CNXHCN ra ngh quyt vn ngh thit lp din n hip thng chnh tr nhiu bn. Vn kin khng thm nhc n cc cuc m phn tr b xy ra, nhng vi t cch nh kin ngh ca ng CNXHCN cha nhiu th tc m trc y Bn trn i lp trnh by, cng nh cc cuc tho lun tr b thng nht. Theo ngh quyt ny ng CNXHCN chp nhn nh i tc m phn c lp tt c cc t chc - k c cc t chc thuc Bn trn i lp na- nhng t chc tun th hin php v cam kt hot ng theo lut lp hi. 9/5/1989 Fejti Gyrgy thay mt BCH T ng CNXHCN gi kin ngh ngy 8-5 ca ng cho cc t chc thuc Bn trn i lp. Trong bc th gi km ng cho bit: BCH T ly lm tic ghi nhn rng vic tr b mc chuyn vin b tc, v khng t n lp trng chung v vn c bn rng ai v di hnh thc no s tham gia vo cc cuc m phn thc cht. Chnh v l ng
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CNXHCN li xng, cho cc cuc m phn c c mi. 10/5/1989 Bn trn i lp hp hi ngh a ra lp trng i vi kin ngh thit lp din n hip thng chnh tr ca UBT ng CNXHCN. Trong h tuyn b rng ng CNXHCN vi tuyn b mi y ca mnh n phng ngng m phn. Vn khng mun cng nhn Bn trn i lp nh mt i tc m phn thng nht, v dng mi cng c thc y quc hi thng qua cc d tho lut bng cch nhm to ra tnh hung ri. Bn trn i lp xut tip tc m phn hai bn trong vng 48 gi ti. Bn trn i lp ng h sng kin ca Lin minh Dn ch cc t chc Cng on c lp rng hy tin hnh m phn mc chnh ph v cc vn kinh t ca qu trnh chuyn i dn ch, ng thi ngh chnh ph ngng ngay d n u t Nagymaros. [Hai ngy sau (13/5) chnh ph ngng d n ny]. 11/5/1989 Cc chuyn vin m phn ca ng CNXHCN, tr li lp trng ngy 10-5 ca Bn trn i lp, trong mt tuyn b h khng nh: ng CNXHCN tin rng qu trnh chuyn i dn ch c th c m bo ch bng con ng m phn nhiu bn; cn phi n lc n mt din n hip thng phn nh y nht nhng phn nhnh li ch v chnh tr ca x hi Hungary. ng CNXHCN cho rng n lc nhm p bt c t chc no vi t cch l bn m phn vo bn no ca bn m phn l khng chp nhn c. 15/5/1989 Cc t chc thuc Bn trn i lp gii th ng n Th tng Nmeth Mikls hoan nghnh quyt nh ngy 13-5 ca chnh ph v ngng d n Nagymaros. 16/5/1989 on ch tch Hi ng Cng on Ton quc tuyn b chnh thc: cc cng on mun tham gia hi m bn trn dn tc, nhng khng mun ngi bn quyn lc hay bn i lp. Theo
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kin h cc cuc m phn phi to c s cho cc hot ng lp hin v kinh t ca chnh ph v cc t chc i din li ch na. 18/5/1989 Cc t chc thuc Bn trn i lp hp v gi th n hi ngh cc gii ci cch ca ng CNXHCN s hp ngy 20-5 ti Szeged. Trong th h by t hi vng cuc hp s ch nghim tc n vic m phn gia Bn trn i lp v ng CNXHCN. Bn trn i lp cng gi th ng n cc Bn trn i lp a phng. Kin ngh h ra nhng lp trng chung, v c gng m phn hai bn vi cc ng b ng CNXHCN a phng; gi vng tnh thng nht ca h. i Mt trn T quc tr li cc tr s ca mnh; ng nhn bt c khon ti tr no t chnh ph hay cc hi ng a phng chng no cha c tho thun v lut v vn ny. 20/5/1989 Khung d tho c thng qua ti hi ngh ton quc cc gii ci cch ca ng CNXHCN Szeged ku gi cc i din ca quyn lc phi chm dt chin thut dy da cho n nay ca h v bt tay ngay vo m phn thc cht vi cc i din ca Bn trn i lp v BCH T hy u nhim cho cc chnh tr gia ng tin cy vi cc cuc m phn, c c lng tin ca x hi. Nu BCH T khng mun a ra quyt nh nh vy, th chnh ph hay quc hi hy m phn thay mt quyn lc. Trong qu trnh m phn phi i n thng nht v cc lut ct yu to cc iu kin cho chuyn i dn ch, v thi im v trnh t bu c, v vic phn chia ti sn ca ng CNXHCN, v to cc iu kin hot ng cho cc ng ang c t chc. Trong hi ngh h xut cc gii ci cch mi cp hy gi lin lc vi cc i din a phng ca Bn trn i lp. 23/5/1989 Cc cuc m phn s b mc chuyn vin v cc vn qu kinh t gia chnh ph v Lin minh Dn ch cc T chc Cng on c lp din ra. 24/5/1989
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Cuc hp Bn trn i lp thng qua tuyn b rng cc t chc to thnh Bn trn i lp trc sau nh mt sn sng m phn vi nhng ngi ch thc s ca chnh quyn - tc l ng cm quyn, v ch i bc tin thc y m phn t pha lnh o ng CNXHCN ng n phng gy b tc cho cc cuc m phn. H by t mi lo ngi rng trong khi dy da m phn th ng CNXHCN hay chnh ph ca n s trnh quc hi lut chuyn i, khi xng vic thit lp n phng cc lut ct yu (lut v ng, lut v to n hin php), cng nh bng sa i hin php xut nh ch Tng thng. 26/5/1989 Ph th tng Medgyessy Pter gi th cho mi t chc c lp ngh h m phn v cc iu kin khc phc khng hong kinh t. 27/5/1989 Cc cuc m phn tr b cp chuyn vin gia ng CNXHCN v Bn trn i lp li c tip tc Khch sn Ngoi giao. 29/5/1989 BCHT ng CNXHCN hp thng qua nhng kin ngh chun b cc cuc m phn hip thng li ch. H ngh hnh thc hi m bn bn gm ng CNXHCN, phe i lp, cc t chc ngoi hai lc lng ny v bn th t l nhng quan st vin c quyn m phn. H kin ngh tng tc m phn tr b cho cc cuc m phn thc cht c th bt u vo 10 thng 6. 30/5/-2/6/1989 Quc hi thng qua cc o lut kinh t c bn, ng thi sa i: lut thnh lp cc t chc, hip hi kinh t, lut x nghip nh nc, lut hp tc x v lut t ai. 31/5/1989 Bn trn i lp tho lun cc kin ngh ca ng CNXHCN, v hnh thnh cc lp trng ca mnh lin quan n cc cuc m phn tr b tip theo. Bn trn i lp cng quyt nh mt u ban
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chuyn mn v truyn hnh. Trong cuc hp xy ra tranh lun v chp thun li mi ca Ph Th tng Medgyessy Pter. 1/6/1989 Hi ng Ton quc cc T chc Cng on v ng X hi Dn ch hi m v tho thun rng cc chuyn vin ca h thng xuyn tham vn ln nhau v cc vn lin quan n ngi lao ng. 1-2/6/1989 Bn trn i lp v ng CNXHCN tip tc hp tr b. 2/6/1989 Trong cuc tho lun do Ph Th tng Medgyessy Pter khi xng trong cc thnh vin ca Bn trn i lp c mt i din ca ng X hi Dn ch, ng Nhn dn, v Hi Hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsillinky vi t cch quan st vin. Cc thnh vin khc ca Bn trn i lp vng mt bt chp li mi. Lin minh Thanh nin Dn ch v Mt trn T quc nu lp trng ca mnh lin quan n vic chun b cc cuc m phn. H ng lp mt bn th ba, i din cho cc lc lng x hi khc nhau, v th khng th coi l mt khi thng nht, nhng h cho rng trong quyt nh c ba bn m phn mi bn ch c mt phiu l gii php c th chp nhn c. 4/6/1989 Trn c s bo co ca cc chuyn vin nhng ngi tham d cuc hp, Bn trn i lp tho lun kinh nghim ca cc cuc tho lun tr b v cc lp trng cho m phn tip theo. 6/6/1989 Cc on i biu chuyn gia ca Bn trn i lp v ng CNXHCN tip tc cc cuc tho lun tr b. 7/7/1989 Nhng ngi tham gia hp Bn trn i lp c thng bo v cc cuc m phn chuyn gia, ra nhng lp trng ca h v
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tho thun kt thc giai on tr b, cng nh cc vn ca hi ngh ton th. Sau khi tho lun, Bn trn i lp vi bn phiu thun, bn phiu trng kt np ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio vo hng ng ca mnh. 8/7/1989 Cc chuyn vin m phn ca Bn trn i lp v ng CNXHCN chun b xong d tho vn bn tho thun bt u m phn chnh tr thc cht. 9/6/1989 Bn trn i lp tho lun d tho tho thun, sau cc thnh vin ca cc on i biu chuyn gia k vn kin. 10/6/1989 Ti tr s BCHT, cc i din ca ba bn gm ng CNXHCN, Bn trn i lp v Bn th Ba k tho c v m phn ba bn. Tho c nhn mnh c s quyn lc l nguyn l dn quyn; c th hin thng qua bu c t do khng c nhng rng buc trc no vi nguyn chung. S chuyn giao dn ch ch c th din ra mt cch ho bnh, khng bo lc; khng t chc x hi c nht no c th trc tip ch o cc lc lng v trang. ng CNXHCN cam kt rng vic lp php khng th i trc cc hip thng chnh tr. Trong cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr, ba bn m phn tham gia vo vic hnh thnh nhng hip thng chnh tr l: Bn trn i lp, ng CNXHCN, v bn th ba gm Hip hi La chn Cnh T, Mt trn T quc, Lin minh Thanh nin Dn ch, Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng Pht xt, Hi Ph n, Hi Mnnich Ferenc, v Hi ng Ton quc cc T chc Cng on. Cc bn m phn a cc nguyn l v cc quy nh nhm thc hin chuyn i chnh tr dn ch cng nh cc nhim v chin lc khc phc khng hong kinh t - x hi vo chng trnh ngh s ca cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr.
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Tho c xc nh th l ngh s v trnh t cng vic ca m phn hip thng chnh tr, quy nh tnh cng khai ca cc cuc m phn. 13/6/1989 Bt u cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc ti to nh Quc hi. Phin hp khai mc ton th do ch tch Quc hi Szrs Mtys ch tr, cc bn m phn trnh by tuyn b nh: Grsz Kroly tng b th ng CNXHCN, Knya Imre ngi pht ngn ca Bn trn i lp, v Kukorelli Istvn ngi pht ngn ca Bn th Ba. Cuc hp ca Bn trn i lp ra li ku gi trong kin ngh vi nhng ngi lao ng v nhng ngi s dng lao ng cho ngh mt phn hay c ngy lm vic 16-6 l ngy t chc tang l cho Nagy Imre v cc bn lit s ca ng. Bn trn i lp c on i biu ca mnh tham d cc cuc m phn tr b cho cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc tip theo. 15/6/1989 Mark Palmer, i s Hoa K ti Budapest thm Bn trn i lp, v thng bo v chng trnh cuc ving thm Hungary sp ti ca tng thng George Bush. Cuc hp Bn trn i lp bt u tranh lun v cc ti ca m phn ba bn v v vic thit lp cc u ban cng tc ph hp cho vic . 19/6/1989 Cuc hp Bn trn i lp tip tc hnh thnh lp trng v c cu, v cc ch v v cc u ban cng tc s c thnh lp ca cc cuc m phn chnh tr v kinh t ba bn, v chun b cho phin hp ton th ngy 21-6. 20/6/1989 Tranh lun n ra trong cuc hp Bn trn i lp v lun gii cc u ban cng tc c nu trong tho c ngy 10-6, v cc cp m phn, v s cn thit ca cc vn kinh t v cc u ban. Cui cng nhng ngi tham gia hp thng nht v cc vn lin quan n vic chun b cc cuc m phn ba bn.
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21/6/1989 Ba bn hi m k tho c chung v cc nhm ti, cc cp m phn, cc u ban cng tc cng nh nhng quan st vin ca cc Hi ngh bn trn Dn tc. Cc bn xc nh su ti trong mi nhm ca hai nhm ch m phn thc cht. Theo tho thun c ba cp m phn: hi ngh ton th thng c chc nng tuyn b, chnh tr; cp trung l cc u ban cng tc v chnh tr, kinh t v x hi ph hp vi hai nhm ch ; cp th ba l cp chuyn vin tng ng vi tng ch im ca su u ban cng tc cho mi nhm ch . Trong phin hp ton th ca m phn Bn trn Dn tc ch to Szrs Mtys gii thiu ni dung tho c. Pozsgay Imre i din ca ng CNXHCN tuyn b: kin ngh chnh ph khng trnh ln k hp quc hi bt u vo ngy 27-7 cc d lut m phe i lp tranh ci; v cc o lut ct yu cn phi t tho thun s b bn m phn. Szabad Gyrgy, ngi pht ngn ca Bn trn i lp v Kukorelli Istvn, i din ca Bn Th Ba tm lc li cc lp trng ca h v cc ch ca m phn hip thng chnh tr. Trong nhng tuyn b lin quan n cc nhim v chin lc khc phc khng hong kinh t v x hi Ivnyi Pl nhn mnh rng, ng CNXHCN coi vic to ra nn kinh t th trng s hu hn hp l mc ch ca mnh, lm vic cn n s thay i m hnh kinh t. Pet Ivn nhn mnh rng Bn trn i lp ban u ch mun m phn v cc iu kin chnh tr ca chuyn i ho bnh, nhng chp nhn s cn thit ca cc cuc m phn kinh t, bi v Bn trn i lp coi l ngha v ca mnh ngn cn vic thng qua cc o lut ph hp vi li ch ca cc nhm hp, quyt nh c n tng lai sau bu c. Lp trng ca Bn trn i lp l cc cuc m phn kinh t c th ko di th cng khng th ngn cn cc tho c chnh tr. Sndor Lszl, pht ngn vin ca Bn Th Ba coi vic cc vn kinh t v x hi phi c vai tr xng ng trong cc ch m phn l c tm quan trng ni bt. 23-24/6/1989 BCH T ng CNXHCN lp ra Ch tch on ca ng v U ban Thng v Chnh tr; triu tp i hi ng vo ngy
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7/10/1989; v quyt nh Pozsgay Imre s l ng vin Tng thng ca ng, nu nh Quc hi chp nhn nh ch tng thng. 26/6/1989 Ti cuc hp u tin cp trung ca U ban hip thng chnh tr ca Hi ngh bn trn Dn tc on i biu ng CNXHCN yu cu hai bn cn li ng cho trnh Quc hi vic sa i mt s im trong B lut hnh s. Bn th ba chp nhn kin ngh. Bn trn i lp ng tho lun quc hi nhng sa i lut lin quan n vic trn lao ng gy nguy him cho x hi v t chi ngha v qun s, sao cho nhng ngi b kt ti khng nhng c min thi hnh trng pht, m phi c min mi hu qu lut hnh. Phe i lp cho rng cc chuyn gia cn phi tho lun v nhng sa i lin quan n cc hnh ng phm ti chng i nh nc. Cuc hp Bn trn i lp tho lun v cc vn thnh lp cc on i biu i lp tham gia vo cc u ban cng tc ca m phn ba bn. 27/6/ 1989 Ti phin hp quc hi Ch tch Quc hi Szrs Mtys c th ca th tng Nmeth Mikls, trong cho bit chnh ph rt li cc d lut m ch ca chng lin quan n cc cuc m phn ba bn. Pozsgay Imre yu cu cc i biu quc hi ng h v s tho thun chung ca dn tc. Cuc hp quc hi v c mt xut ca i biu quyt nh rng chnh ph hy trnh d lut v thit lp nh ch tng thng nc cng ho ra Quc hi cho n u thng mi Mark Palmer i s M ti Budapest ti thm phe i lp ln th hai. Tr li cho cc cu hi ca i s qun gi trc, cc i din ca cc t chc Bn trn i lp thng bo vi i s v nhng phc ho kinh t ca h. 28/6/1989 Cc u ban cng tc chnh tr ca Bn trn i lp c hnh thnh vi 2 i biu cho mi t chc thnh vin. Cc u ban ny ch nh cc on i biu, mi on gm 5 i biu chnh thc v cc i biu d b tham gia cc cuc hp ca cc u ban chuyn
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vin (cp thp). Sau nhng ngi tham d cuc hp Bn trn i lp tho lun v thng qua cu to ca su u ban m phn. Bn trn i lp quyt nh rng, ba vn quyt nh v c cc t chc tranh lun s do cuc hp ca Bn trn i lp xc nh lp trng i din, ng thi khn cp tho lun cc vn ny. Ba ti ny l: nh ch tng thng, h thng bu c v thi im bu c. 29/6/1989 Ti cuc hp u tin ca u ban cp trung v kinh t x hi ca Bn trn Dn tc, din ra cc vn mang tnh k thut v s ngi trong cc u ban, s cc u ban, l li hot ng, nhu cu thng tin cn thit cho m phn, tnh cng khai ca cc cuc m phn. Cc bn thng nht thnh lp su u ban cng tc v kinh t v trong vng hai tun s bt u cc cuc tho lun cp chuyn vin. Theo li mi ca B trng B Ngoi giao Horn Gyula cc ng trong Bn trn i lp tham gia bui tham kho v chnh sch ngoi giao ti B Ngoi Giao. 30/6/1989 Ban cng tc I/1 c trch nhim v cc iu khon nng hi ca sa i hin php, v cc vn nh ch tng thng v To n Hin php. Ti cuc hp u tin ca ban cng tc I/1 cc bn thng nht v cc vn v th l trnh t v v ni dung. Ban cng tc I/2 chu trch nhim v quy nh php l cho hot ng ca cc ng chnh tr. Ti cuc hp u tin ca ban cng tc I/2, Bn trn i lp v Bn th ba nu vn rng h coi vic hiu bit v cn i ti sn ca cc t chc tham gia m phn, cng nh v nu chi tit cc khon chi ngn sch nh nc cho cc t chc x hi v chnh tr l cn thit cho m phn lin quan n lut v ng. ng CNXHCN ng h i hi ny. Ban cng tc I/4 chu trch nhim v lut hnh s v cc nguyn tc sa i lut hnh s. Ti cuc hp u tin ca ban cng tc I/4 cc bn thng nht rng cn phi xt li cc quy tc php l x pht vt cht v th tc php l hnh s gn lin vi chuyn i chnh tr dn ch.
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Ti phin hp u tin ca ban cng tc I/5 chu trch nhim v ngn lun v cc vn thng tin, lut thng tin cc bn tho lun v ch m phn ca u ban. Ti cuc hp u tin ca ban cng tc I/6 ph trch vic to ra nhng m bo php l loi tr cc gii php bo lc, Bn trn i lp a ra ngh v cc ch m phn. i din ca ng CNXHCN cho rng vic lm r khi nim v chuyn i chnh tr v cc gii php bo lc l cn thit cho cc cuc m phn thc cht. 3/7/1989 Trong cuc hp u tin ca ban cng tc I/3, ban c nhin v tho lun cc vn lin quan n lut bu c v cc vn bu c, cc bn tho thun a ra ba ch chnh: cc vn lin quan n h thng bu c, n h tng v quy tc o c ca cc cuc bu c, thi im bu c, cng nh v bu cc th ch no. 5/7/1989 Trong cuc hp ca ban I/2 cc bn tho thun rng, nn a cc quy tc lin quan n vic thnh lp cc ng v gim st hin php hot ng ca cc ng vo cc quy nh ca hin php v ca lut quyn lp hi. H bn v cc iu kin lp ng, cng nh xc nh cc iu kin loi tr ng vin, cn b ng. H tho thun rng, cc ng khng c hot ng ni lm vic, vic ny tuy vy khng ng nht vi vic cm s t chc ca nhng ngi lao ng ni lm vic. Trong cuc hp ca ban I/3 ba on i biu bt u tho lun d lut bu c. Trong cuc hp ca ban I/6 cc bn tho thun v cch hiu giai on qu l g, v quyn c bo v ca nhng ngi tham gia m phn chnh tr, v tm ngng mt s bin php cng bc ca c quan cnh st, cng nh cm tr a ni lm vic. H kin ngh thit lp nh ch ngi ln ting bo v quyn cng dn (ombudsman) cho thi k qu . 6/7/1989 V cc vn ni b ca ng X hi Dn ch Hungary, hi ngh Bn trn i lp quyt nh: yu cu cc i biu ca ng
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khng tham d hp trong 21 ngy, trong thi gian h hy c gng t s tho thun. Lin quan n nh ch tng thng Bn trn i lp quyt nh rng, Quc hi mi phi a ra lut v tng thng, v phi bu. S n nh ca thi k qu c th c m bo nu ch tch Quc hi thi hnh cc quyn nguyn th quc gia sau khi Hi ng Ch tch nc chm dt hot ng cho n khi bu tng thng. Cuc hp ca ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung tho lun cc vn tnh cng khai ca cng vic ca ban. quyt nh lp Ban Thin ch c nhim v gim st vic thc hin cc tho thun. 7/7/1989 Cuc hp ban I/1 bt u xem xt bao qut hin php ang c hiu lc. Khi sot xt chng u a vo chng trnh ngh s cc vn loi b li ni u, vn hnh thc nh nc, vic xo b danh xng nh nc x hi ch ngha; v khng t c tho thun, quyn quyt nh c chuyn ln u u ban chnh tr. nht tr v mc (2) iu 2 hin php: Trong nc Cng ho (Nhn dn) Hungary tt c mi quyn lc l ca nhn dn, nhn dn thc hin ch quyn nhn dn thng qua cc i biu c bu, cng nh mt cch trc tip." Trong cuc hp ca ban I/3 cc chuyn vin tho lun v cc vn th tc v t chc ca d lut bu c. 10/7/1989 Cuc hp Bn trn i lp chp nhn thnh phn ca su on i biu i lp tham gia vo su ban m phn kinh t. Bt u tho lun v thi im bu quc hi v h thng bu c. Cc ng lch s [mt thi tn ti] ng h h thng danh sch, cn Din n Dn ch, Lin minh nhng ngi Dn ch T do, Lin minh Dn ch Tr v Hi hu ngh Bajcsy - Zsilinszky ng h h thng bu c hn hp (ng c c nhn khu vc v danh sch ng c theo ng). Cuc hp ban I/1 tho lun iu 3 ca hin php, v s iu tit hin php i vi cc ng. Ban I/2 gi thng bo n ban I/1 lin quan n iu tit hin php i vi cc ng chnh tr, cng nh gi n ban I/6 v vn t cch ng vin ca binh lnh, cng nh t cch i biu quc
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hi, v gi ban I/3 nn gii quyt quan h ngi lm thu v ngi s dng lao ng trong thi gian ng c. ng CNXHCN khng ng vi hnh vn chun do Bn trn i lp v Bn Th Ba kin ngh, theo ng chnh tr khng c lp v cho hot ng t chc ng ni lm vic (ni phc v, trng hc); Cc bn tho thun m phn tip. Ban I/5 u quyn cho on i biu ng CNXHCN vit th cho b trng b ni v (cng an) v vn cc n phm b tch thu trc y do b coi l bt hp php. Ban thy cn thit l chnh ph hy tm ngng phn phi tn s pht thanh v truyn hnh cho n khi ra lut thng tin. Cc bn thng nht rng, vic bt u chng trnh thng xuyn v cc cuc m phn l khng th tr hon c. 11/7/1989 Cuc hp ban I/3 tip tc tho lun cc vn th tc ca d lut bu c. Ti cuc hp ban I/4 cc bn tho thun rng, phi b cc iu quy cc hnh vi chnh tr phi bo lc l hnh vi ti phm khi b lut hnh s, v cng thng nht rng khng c dng bo lc bt hp php chim chnh quyn v gi chnh quyn. 12/7/1989 Cc i biu ca Bn trn i lp gp tng thng M George Bush ang thm Hungary. Trong cuc hp ban I/6 cc bn thng nht rng, s bo v ca cc i biu ca Bn trn i lp s khng do quy nh lut, m do tuyn ngn chnh tr ca phin hp ton th tuyn b. Theo quan im ca h ngi gim h quyn cng dn (ombudsman) hot ng nh mt nh ch m bo thc thi cc quyn t do, v s gii quyt cc trng hp xy ra trong thi k qu . 13/7/1989 Ban I/1 t tho thun v hnh vn iu 4 ca hin php lin quan n cc t chc cng on. Cc bn chuyn nhng din t b tranh ci ca iu 5 (chin u chng bc lt, s thuc v h thng x hi ch ngha th gii) cho u ban chnh tr. C bt ng v v tr iu chnh cc vn nhn quyn v quyn cng dn. c
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tranh lun v ni dung kinh t ca sa i hin php; v xc nh cc hnh thc s hu v tm quan trng lp hin ca cc vn do cc ban kinh t tho lun. Cuc hp ban I/3 tip tc tho lun tng iu ca d lut bu c. 17/7/1989 Cuc hp ca Bn trn i lp tho lun cc vn tnh cng khai ca cc cuc m phn, v lp ban bo ch ca Bn trn i lp. Tip tc tranh lun v h thng bu c. Bn trn i lp gi th ng n th tng v cc cuc m phn cp chuyn vin Hung-Tip v p thu in bs-nagymaros. Cuc hp ban I/1 tho lun v cc iu 13-18 ca hin php (quyn tha k, iu v lao ng, hn nhn v gia nh, bo v quyn li ca thanh nin, gip nhng ngi khn kh, h tr khoa hc v ngh thut), sau n cc vn iu chnh hin php ca t chc nh nc. ng CNXHCN cho rng cn mt nguyn th quc gia do dn trc tip bu v nh th c tnh chnh ng chnh tr mnh m bo cho tnh lin tc ca quyn lc nh nc trong thi k qu . Lp trng ca Bn trn i lp l ch c Quc hi c bu mt cch t do mi c quyn quyt nh v nh ch tng thng. Trong thi k qu (cho n thi im Quc hi mi thng qua hin php c nu vic thit lp nh ch ny) Bn Th Ba ng h vic thit lp nh ch nguyn th quc gia, bng bu c trc tip v c cc quyn gn vi thi k qu . Cuc hp ban I/2 tip tc m phn nhiu vn trong c hiu lc ca lut ng, v v cc iu kin loi tr t cch ng vin. Cc bn thng nht rng, ni lm vic (ni phc v, trng hc) ng khng c lp t chc v khng c cho t chc ng hot ng. Theo kin ngh ca ng CNXHCN h gn thm gii thch sau vo hnh vn chun ny: Cm cc t chc ca cc ng ci vo c cu t chc ca ni lm vic, cm mi hot ng ca cc ng ni lm vic, cm tr thnh cc phn ca cc quyt nh, nhng khng cm ngi lao ng tham gia vo mt t chc ni lm vic ngoi gi lm vic. Ban II/1 ph trch cc vn chin lc gii quyt khng hong kinh t tin hnh phin hp u tin. Cc bn thng nht rng cn tho lun cc vn sau: nh gi chnh sch kinh t ca cc nm
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va qua, phn tch tnh hnh; tnh hnh n nn, x l n v cc nhim v kinh t i ngoi; cc vn tng trng kinh t v ti c cu v chnh sch cng n vic lm; cc nguyn nhn lm pht, cc cng c chnh sch kinh t chng lm pht. Bn trn i lp v Bn Th Ba nu cc nhu cu thng tin ca h vi on i biu ng CNXHCN. 18/7/1989 Trong cuc hp ca ban I/3 cc chuyn gia tho lun v vic thu thp kin ngh c ca ca cc ng vin i biu quc hi, v chin dch tranh c, v th tc chng minh trong khi i bu, v khiu ni, v c cu ca cc t chc bu c. Ban I/5 tho lun v d lut bo ch, cng nh cc phn lin quan n nu kin v quyn t do ngn lun ca sa i hin php. Cc i biu ca Bn trn i lp xut bng ti liu chun b trc ca h cho bui hp v thit lp u ban lm thi nhm m bo tnh v t ca cc t chc truyn thng i chng. Ban cng tc chuyn cho tiu ban cng tc tho lun kin ngh ny. Ban cng tc II/2 chu trch nhim v cc sng kin x hi gii quyt khng hong kinh t v cc phng thc gii quyt hp phin u tin. 19/7/1989 Trong cuc hp ban I/1 ng CNXHCN a ra cc l l ng h vic thit lp To n Hin php. Lp trng ca Bn trn i lp l vic ny ch c th hnh dung c cng vi hin php mi do Quc hi mi thng qua. Bn Th Ba cng khng ng . Trong ban I/2 cc bn trnh by quan im ca mnh v i hi thanh l ti sn do Bn trn i lp a ra. i din ca Bn Th Ba khng nh, Hi ng Cng on Ton Quc vi t cch t chc bo v quyn li ca nhng ngi lao ng, khng mun cng b bt c d liu no. ng CNXHCN v Bn Th Ba cng tranh lun v nng lc ra quyt nh ca u ban cng tc trong cc vn phn chia ti sn ca cc t chc chnh tr v cng on. Cc chuyn gia ca ban I/4 tho lun v vic t chc chng ch hp hin v vic chim quyn lc bt hp php. H chuyn cho ban I/1, trong h yu cu rng hy a vo cc kin ngh sa i hin php: hnh ng ca bt c t chc no ca nh nc, hay ca
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bt c t chc no ca x hi hay ca bt c thnh vin no cng khng c php hng ti vic chim hay gi quyn lc mt cch c quyn hay bng con ng bo lc. Ban I/6 tho lun v cch hiu bo lc v mt chnh tr v php l v vn lc lng t v cng nhn. 20/7/1989 Cuc hp ca ban I/3 tho lun v vic thit lp U Ban Bu c Ton quc, v trnh t gim st chin dch tranh c, v cc cuc bu c gia k, v h tr ngn sch cho cc ng vin, v cc quy ch m bo chng gi vo lnh nhng ngi quan trng v mt chin dch tranh c. 21/7/1989 Cuc hp ca Bn trn i lp ra ngh quyt lin quan n thng tin nu trong ban I/2, theo h kin ngh, rng hy tm thi phong to 50 triu forint ly t ngn khon chnh ph, cng nh cc khon ly t khon ny. Bn trn i lp thnh lp mt u ban thng nht lp trng v kin ngh gii php. Trong cuc hp ng Nhn dn trnh by kin ngh su im, trong xut: Bn trn i lp hy a ra cc vn quan trng nht ca m phn nh mt k hoch c gi cho hai bn cn li, v n gia thng tm hy tho thun v mi chi tit; v tnh hnh kinh t sa st thi im bu c quc hi nn vo u thng mi hai; phin hp thng chn ca Quc hi hy bu ra mt tng thng mnh va phi. Nhng ngi tham d quyt nh rng, on ch tch ca mi t chc s tho lun xut ca ng Nhn dn, v Bn trn i lp a vo chng trnh ngh s ca phin hp ti. Trong tranh lun ny ra gay gt cc i din ca ng Nhn dn nghi ng rng v vn nh ch tng thng c quyt nh r rng trong phin hp 6/7 ca Bn trn i lp, ng Nhn Dn Dn ch Thin cha Gio tn thnh tho lun li vn . Trong cuc hp u tin ca U ban Thin ch i din ca ng CNXHCN ch trch rng cng vic cc ban I/1, I/2 v I/3 khng tin trin theo nhp mong mun, c bit lu rng chnh ph mun trnh ra phin hp thng chn ca Quc hi cc d lut ny. Bn trn i lp v Bn Th Ba ng tng tc cng vic. Cc bn thng nht rng trong thi gian qu khon 50 triu
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forint ng h cc ng chnh tr mi phi c phong to li, v phi tho ra th tc ph hp xut nhu cu. Cuc hp ban I/2 tho lun v cc kh nng ti tr vt cht cho cc ng, cng nh v kim sot vic qun l chng. Ban cng tc II/4 chu trch nhim v s hu t ai v lut hp tc x c cuc hp u tin. on i biu ng CNXHCN trnh by tnh hnh v lut t ai v l do ca sa i thng by. ng CNXHCN chp nhn cc lp trng v xut ca Bn trn i lp v Bn Th Ba nh c s m phn. 24/7/1989 Trong cuc hp ca U Ban Thng v Chnh tr ca ng CNXHCN Fejti Gyrgy ng h tng tc m phn v quan nim m phn xc nh hn. ng kin ngh hy c mt thi hn m phn cui cng, a ra cng khai rng n cui thng chn h mun kt thc m phn. ng coi l o tng, rng s c s thng nht hon ton d trong iu l ng, hay trong lut bu c; theo ng thiu s thng nht hon ton vn c th trnh cc kin ngh ra trc quc hi, nu r nhng s khc nhau. Trong cuc hp ca ban I/2 cc bn tho lun v cc hu qu ti sn ca vic chm dt hot ng ca cc ng, v tho thun v kim sot vic qun l ca cc ng. 25/7/1989 Cuc hp Bn trn i lp tip tc tm kim ng thun v cc vn h thng bu c. Nhng ngi d hp thng nht bng b phiu a s, rng 50 phn trm ca 350 gh quc hi c nh ot trong h thng khu vc c nhn, bu hai vng, v 50 phn trm c nh ot theo h thng danh sch ng. thng nht v gi tr ngng bu c, cng nh v cc kin ngh ng h cn thit cho ng vin. Trong cuc hp ban I/3 c s thng nht v lp ra quc hi mt vin gm 350 ngi. ng CNXHCN kin ngh h thng bu c khu vc c nhn hai vng, Bn trn i lp v Bn Th Ba kin ngh h thng hai phiu hn hp. Bt u tranh lun v t l cc gh c nhn v theo danh sch ng, cng nh quyn c tham gia ng c vng hai.
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Cuc hp ban I/4 tip tc tranh lun v d lut sa i lut hnh s; tho lun vic vt bin gii b cm v cc ti danh lin quan n vic . Cuc hp ban I/5 bt u tho lun cc d tho kin ca cc tiu ban do h ch nh v vic thit lp u ban tm thi gim st cc phng tin thng tin i chng. Trong cuc hp chun b cho hi ngh chnh tr cp trung ngy 27/7 cc bn ng v cc kin ngh chng trnh ngh s. 26/7/1989 Ban I/1 bt u sot li chng II ca hin php ang c hiu lc, sot xt li tng khon v quyn hn ca Quc hi. Trong cuc hp ban I/2 nhm m phn ca ng CNXHCN thng bo rng h khng k kin ngh do cc chuyn gia ba bn a ra cho u ban cp trung. Theo quan im ca h ng kim c cc ti sn ca mnh mt cch hp php, v vic h ch c trch nhim bo co vi ng vin ca h. on i biu Bn trn i lp tuyn b cho n khi lp trng ca ng CNXHCN khng thay i, h khng mun tip tc m phn. Theo Bn Th Ba thng bo ny ngc vi lp trng cho n nay ca ng CNXHCN, v gy nguy him cho vic t ng thun. Trong cuc hp ca ban I/6 ba bn xc nh lp trng chung trong nhiu vn . H xc nh v cch hiu thi k qu chnh tr; v quyn bt kh xm phm ca cc thnh vin tham gia m phn hip thng chnh tr; v nh ch ngi bo v quyn cng dn s c thit lp cho thi k qu ; v vic treo mt s bin php ca nh chc trch cnh st; v cm tr th ni lm vic; cng nh a ra cc kin ngh gii quyt k thut cc vn ny. Lin quan n khi nim bo lc khng c s thng nht v nh gi s bt bnh ca cng dn. Cc bn yu cu cc c quan lin quan cung cp thng tin cn thit thc hin cng vic. 27/7/1989 Cuc hp ca Bn trn i lp tho lun kin ngh ngy 21/7 ca ng Nhn dn Hungary. V vn thi im bu c h quyt ngh, rng vic xc nh thi im cn bit chnh xc h thng iu kin ca cc cuc bu c, v k t khi cc iu kin c tho mn sau ba thng cn a ra thi im cng sm cng tt. V vn
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tng thng ng Nhn Dn, ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio v Hi hu ngh Bajcsy - Zsilinszky, ng h vic thay i quyt nh ngy 6/7 ca Bn trn i lp. Bn trn i lp quyt nh theo ngh ca Antall Jzsef, rng v vn ny n cho mnh tm ngng hai tun, n khi cc cuc m phn chuyn gia vn tip tc vi lp trng khng thay i, nhng khng th i n quyt nh; h tuyn b vi bo gii rng so vi tuyn b trc khng c g thay i. Bn trn i lp quyt nh xut cc cuc gp vi cc ch tch ca cc u ban quc hi, vi ph th tng Medgyessy Pter, cng nh vi i s Lin X Borisz Sztukalin. Trong cuc hp hip thng chnh tr cp trung Fejti Gyrgy (trong thi gian Pozsgay Imre ngh php Fejti Gyrgy dn u on m phn ca ng CNXHCN) tuyn b rng h khng coi bt c din n no ca chui m phn ba bn l c thm quyn xt tnh hnh ti sn ca ng CNXHCN v nht l v kh nng chia li ti sn ny. ng CNXHCN cng khng ng vic cm t chc ng ni lm vic. Bn trn i lp nh gi rng, ng CNXHCN v Bn Th Ba li li so vi lp trng trc y ca h, v n chng no cha c bc tin v cc vn ti sn ng v ti tr ng, v phi chnh tr ho cc c quan cng quyn v vn cc t chc ng ni lm vic, th hot ng tip theo ca ban I/2 khng c kh nng. Trong cuc hp c s bt ng gia cc bn v nhp ca cc cuc tho lun chuyn gia ban I/1, cng nh v mc cn sa hin php v ni dung na. Fejti Gyrgy nu vn rng, c th tip tc m phn vi tnh cht trn gi khng, c bit v a ra cc nhng b trong cc vn tranh ci khc nhau. Ban I/1 tip tc tho lun cc iu lin quan n Quc hi trong hin php. 28/7/1989 Trong cuc hp ban I/3 cc bn tho thun v h thng bu c hai phiu c tnh hn hp. Tuy nhin cc quan im khc nhau ng k v cc t l bn trong h thng hn hp, v vn danh sch ton quc hay khu vc, v ngha v c, v quyn c ca cc t chc x hi v cng on.
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Ban II/5 chu trch nhim v ci cch ngn sch v lut ngn sch nh nc hp phin u tin. Trong cuc hp on i biu ng CNXHCN cam kt rng n 15/8 s a cho Bn trn i lp v Bn Th Ba cc lun ca ci cch ngn sch, cng nh cn cn ngn sch nh nc v ngn sch. 31/7/1989 Cc i biu ca Bn trn i lp c u thc nhim v ny gi kin ngh ca h n Vn phng Hi ng B trng, v vic gii quyt cc vn lin quan n qu ti tr ng ca chnh ph. Lin quan n s dng 50 triu forint t ngun ca chnh ph cho cc ng chnh tr nguyn l c bn ca kin ngh c th l, ph hp vi tp qun quc t ngn sch h tr cc ng theo cc chun mc xc nh v mt cch cng khai. H thng a ng khng th tn hn i vi t nc, so vi vic chi cho mt ng, tc l h tr cho cc t chc mi phi c cn i vi s gim h tr cho cc t chc c. Trong ban I/1 cc bn quay li cc vn cha kt thc ca cc phin hp trc, sau bt u tho lun cu ch ca nh ch nguyn th quc gia. Cc bn v s khc bit quan im ca h nn cui cng i n kt lun rng u u ban chnh tr cp trung s phi t tho thun v cc vn c bn ca nh ch nguyn th quc gia v To n Hin php. 1/8/1989 Trong cuc hp ban I/3 cc quan im khng n gn nhau; cc bn vn gi lp trng trc y ca mnh v cc vn c bn ca h thng bu c. Cuc hp ban I/5 bn v vn tnh cng khai ca cc cuc m phn. Ban cng tc kin ngh cc bn m phn hy tn dng kh nng do TV cung cp trong thi gian chng trnh chnh thng bo thng xuyn v cc cuc m phn. 2/8/1989 Bn trn i lp t chc hp bo, thng bo v cng vic ca cc u ban cng tc, v v lp trng ca cc ng i lp. on i biu ng CNXHCN cng hp bo nu kin ca mnh v cc vn tranh ci trong cc cuc m phn.
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Ban I/1 tho lun v cc chng ca hin php lin quan n Chnh ph, hi ng tnh thnh ph, t chc to n, vin kim st, cc quyn cng dn, cc nguyn tc c bn ca cc cuc bu c v cc iu khon cui cng. Ban I/6 tho lun d lut sa i hin php lin quan n cc lc lng v trang. Ban II/3 chu trch nhim v ci cch s hu hp phin u tin. Cc bn tho thun cc ch sau: lut chuyn i; cc mi quan h ca lut hp tc x v lut t ai vi lut chuyn i; chuyn i tng phn cc x nghip quc doanh; qu ti sn nh nc v cc nh ch qun l ti sn nh nc; cc phng php nh gi ti sn thc t; chng trnh ti t nhn ho; chng trnh thc y kinh doanh; tp th ngi lao ng v ci cch s hu. on i biu ca Bn trn i lp v Bn th yu cu chnh ph thng bo chi tit v vic chuyn i cc doanh nghip quc doanh, vic bn chng c tin hnh ra sao v hin ang c cc bin php g, s c k hoch bn cho trong nc v nc ngoi no. Cc bn thng nht phi c tho lun x hi v ci cch s hu, vi s m bo cng khai hon ton. 3/8/1989 Bn trn i lp tho lun kh nng ng Dn ch X hi c th tip tc tham gia li vo cng vic ca Bn trn i lp. H quyt nh gi th c ni dung ging nhau cho hai cnh ca ng mi on i biu dn ch x hi tham gia m phn. Trong cuc hp Lin minh Dn ch T do v Lin minh Dn ch Tr ch trch nhng tuyn b ca Varga Csaba ngi c bu lm ch nhim bo ch ngy 17-7; gy ra nghi ng i vi i din ca ng Nhn dn. Sau cuc tranh lun gay gt quyt nh v vic cc ng thay phin nhau ph trch chc pht ngn vin, cng nh v chun b quy tc hot ng ca Bn trn i lp. 4/8/1989 Trong cuc hp ban I/3 ng CNXHCN trnh by kin ngh quyt nh mt s vn lin quan n tnh cng khai ca cc cuc bu c bng vn bn. Cc bn tho thun s xem xt vn tnh cng khai ca bu c 90 ngy trc cc cuc bu c.
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7/8/1989 Ban I/4 bt u tho lun d tho sa i lut hnh s do b ni v trnh. 8/8/1989 Cuc hp ca ban I/3 bt u tho lun cc kin ngh bng vn bn ca ng CNXHCN. Chng trnh ngh s gm xc nh thi gian ca chin dch tranh c, phn chia thi gian chng trnh tranh c [trn TV v Radio], thnh lp cc u ban phi hp gia cc ng v gim st chin dch tranh c. Ban I/5 tho lun kin ngh do Bn trn i lp a ra v cc nguyn tc c bn ca tnh v t ca cc nh ch truyn thng i chng quc gia, cc bn cng chp nhn lp trng v u ban thng tin v t. 9/9/1989 Ti cuc hp ban I/6 Bn trn i lp kin ngh lp hi ng bo an quc hi cho thi k qu nhm loi tr cc mu ph v yn bnh x hi; cc bn tho thun xut thnh lp mt ban thng trc quc hi gm ba i biu quc hi ca ng CNXHCN, ca nhng ngi c lp, v ca phe i lp mi bn mt ngi. Theo xut ca ng CNXHCN Ban Thin Ch nhm hp. ng CNXHCN yu cu cc i din ca Bn trn i lp hy ngng tn cng Quc hi v cc hnh ng hng ti triu hi cc i biu quc hi. Sau ban xem xt cc vn v tnh cng khai ca cc cuc m phn. on Ch tch Hip hi Nh bo Hungary cng nh ban iu hnh Cu Lc B Cng Khai cng thc bch tnh cng khai hn ca cc cuc m phn ba bn. Theo Cu Lc B Cng Khai ngay lp tc cn cho php cc phng vin hin din ti cc cuc m phn cp trung v cp thp v a tin. Ban cng tc II/6 ph trch ch quyn cnh tranh v chng c quyn, cng nh d b cc ro cn php l cn tr hot ng kinh doanh hp phin u tin.
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10/8/1989 Nhng ngi tham d cuc hp Bn trn i lp tho lun v h thng bu c, sau v tnh cng khai ca Bn trn i lp v cc cuc m phn ba bn, v cc nhim v lin quan n hot ng bo ch v truyn thng i chng. Trong cuc hp ban I/1 cc bn xem xt cc kin ngh ca ng CNXHCN v ca Bn trn i lp v iu tit hin php i vi cc lc lng v trang v cnh st. Ti cuc hp ban II/1 da trn thng tin nhn c t on i biu ng CNXHCN nhng ngi d hp trao i v cp ti chnh cho cc khon u t ln (Bs-Nagymaros, Jamburg-Tengiz, Nh my in nguyn t Paksi, Trin lm Th gii BudapestVin). 11/8/1989 Cuc hp ban I/3 tip tc tho lun cc kin ngh lin quan n tnh cng khai ca cc cuc bu c. Cc chuyn gia tho lun v s dng t l thi gian chnh tr, v trnh din ca cc ng vin trn cc i nc ngoi c th thu c Hungary, v cc vn qun co tranh c c tr tin. 12/8/1989 Lin hip Thanh nin Dn ch Hungary cng b cuc vn ng thu thp ch k nhm a ra nh ch tng thng trc bu c quc hi. 14/8/1989 Cc chuyn gia ban I/4 tho lun sa i lut th tc t tng hnh s. 15/8/1989 Th trng t php Kilnyi Gza, thnh vin on m phn ca ng CNXHCN tuyn b rng chnh ph s trnh quc hi cc d lut c bn ngay c nu cc bn khng tho thun c mi vn . Ban Thng v Chnh tr ca ng CNXHCN u quyn cho on i biu cp trung t tho thun v vn lut bu c v lut ng; thc gic vic thit lp To n Hin php, nhng nu
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cn, hy tho thun vic hon n k Quc hi mi; kin ngh thit lp nh ch ngi bo h quyn cng dn (ombudsman) v do i din ca phe i lp gi chc ; nu iu ny l khng th trong k Quc hi hin hnh, th hin php mi tuyn b vic lp nh ch ny; mt mc i rng trong hin php mi- trong li ni u hay ni khc- vi hnh vn ph hp hy c t v Ch ngha X hi; nh ch tng thng c thnh lp qua con ng trng cu dn , thi im thit lp nh ch nn c quyt nh cng vi thi gian bu c quc hi. Ban Thng v Chnh tr quyt nh rng, khng ng h vic chm dt cc t chc ng ni lm vic; tuy vy mun m bo kh nng trn c s bnh ng mi ng c th lp t chc ca mnh ni lm vic, vi nhn mnh rng cc t chc khng th ch o v khng th kim tra s lnh o ca ni lm vic. ng CNXHCN cng mun gi cc t chc ca mnh ti cc lc lng v trang cho n khi bu c, to kh nng cho cc ng khc c th lp cc t chc ca mnh . Cuc hp ban I/3 tip tc tho lun ngh lin quan n tnh cng khai ca cc cuc bu c. C bn n vic iu chnh cc chng trnh chnh tr i ni [TV, Radio] trong thi gian tranh c. Cc bn hp ban I/5 quyt nh, yu cu ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung a ra cc ngh ca mnh lin quan n tnh cng khai ca cc cuc m phn trong phin hp tip theo. Cc chuyn vin Bn trn i lp cho rng khng th tr hon c vic ban I/5 hy t ng thun lin quan n cc t bo tnh v s chm dt c quyn thng tin ca ng CNXHCN. Lp trng ca ng CNXHCN tuy vy l vic chuyn giao cc t bo ng, chuyn cho cc t chc khng phi l ng, l thuc thm quyn lp bo, v ban I/2 l ban c thm quyn tho lun. Ba bn m phn trong cuc hp ban II/2 thng nht v ch m phn (cc iu kin khung c cu ca s pht trin chnh sch x hi; cc vn x hi ca nhng thay i chnh sch nh ; cc vn cn quyt nh ca bo him x hi). Ban yu cu cc c quan chnh ph cung cp ti liu chuyn mn cn thit. Cc bn tham gia hp ban II/3 tho thun v lut chuyn i, cng nh vic chun b lp trng lin quan n qu trnh chuyn i.
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16/8/1989 Cc bn d hp ban I/6 tho thun rng, lut sa i hin php tuyn b rng: khng c s dng cc lc lng v trang nc ngoi trn lnh th Hungary, tr, nu v tn cng t nc ngoi m Quc hi tuyn b tnh trng chin tranh. Bn trn i lp kin nh kin ngh chm dt lc lng t v cng nhn, tuyn b rng trong vn ny khng th a ra bt c nhng b no. 17/8/1989 Pozsgay Imre tuyn b vi hng thng tn Hungary MTI tch mnh khi cuc vn ng thu thp ch k ca Lin hip Thanh nin Dn ch v tuyn b ca Kilnyi Gza, v ng h vic tip tc cc cuc m phn theo cc tho thun trc y. Cuc hp Bn trn i lp ra thng co ln n sng kin ca Lin hip Thanh nin Dn ch v tuyn b ca th trng b t php. Bn trn i lp quyt nh rng cc on i biu i lp cc u ban chnh tr hy tng kt kt qu n nay ca cc cuc m phn, v trong cuc hp cp trung ngy 24-8 hy sot xt li cng vic n nay ca su ban. Trong cuc hp Din n Dn ch phn pht cho cc t chc khc kin ngh k hoch c gi gm 15 im ca h c chun b cho cuc hp ca ban hip thng chnh tr. Nhng ngi tham d hp ra quyt ngh rng th ch cho ban TV, ban bo ch v h thng pht ngn vin Bn trn i lp thit lp ban thng tin thng nht, trong mi t chc c mt i biu tham gia. Cuc hp ban I/1 tho lun v phm vi thm quyn ca Quc hi lin quan n tnh trng khn cp, cng nh vic xc nh phm vi nhim v ca cc lc lng v trang v cnh st. 18/8/1989 Trong cuc thng bo bo ch cc i biu ca Bn trn i lp bo co v nhng din tin lin quan n cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc, v thc tng s cng khai ca cc cuc m phn. Borisz Sztukalin, i s Lin X v cc cng s ving thm Bn trn i lp.
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Budzsklia Mtys, thnh vin on i biu ng CNXHCN trong ban I/2 gi th n Pet Ivn, thnh vin on i biu Bn trn i lp, trong thng bo rng, ng CNXHCN giao phn ng k ti sn ca mnh cho Chnh ph, v sn sng hp tc cho cc ng mi hay mi c t chc li mau chng c cc iu kin vt cht ph hp. Sn sng m phn v vn rng, ngoi cc thm phn v cc thm phn hin php ra cn cc phm vi cng v no khc c v nht thit phi loi tr t cch ng vin (tc l nhng ngi gi cc chc v khng th l ng vin ca bt c ng no), hay b hn ch. Lp trng ca h vn khng i v cc vn lp t chc hy mi ng t quyt nh. H kin ngh rng, trong tt c cc vn cha c s thng nht, cc bn hy a ra cc la chn quyt nh cho Quc hi. Cc bn tham d hp ban I/3 tho lun vic cng b cc kt qu thm d d lun trn Radio Hungary v trn TV Hungary. H chp thun rng kim tra cng vic lin quan n bu c ca Radio v TV Hungary v hng thng tn Hungary bn cnh U Ban Bu c Ton quc (OVB) nn lp mt u ban lin ng gim st vn ng tranh c. 21/8/1989 Cuc hp ban I/1 tho lun quy nh hin php i vi cc lc lng v trang v cnh st. Sau thi gian ngng ko di ban I/2 li nhm hp. Tr li kin ngh lm c s m phn ca ng CNXHCN Bn trn i lp thng bo: h chp nhn tip tc cng vic ca ban da trn ha hn bng li ca i din ca ng CNXHCN, theo coi s ng thun t c ngy 24/7 l xut pht im cho m phn tip theo, tuy vy kin ngh bng vn bn khng ph hp vi iu kin ny. 22/8/1989 Ban I/1 xem xt li cn thn cng vic tin hnh n nay cho cuc hp ca u ban chnh tr cp trung, sau tho lun li chng I ca hin php. Cc bn tham gia cuc hp ban I/3 tng kt li cc tho thun lin quan n h thng bu c cng nh cc vn tranh ci cho ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung.
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Cc bn tham gia cuc hp ban I/5 thng nht rng cc i din ca h tham gia cc cuc m phn phi hp do ban I/3 xut. Bt u tho lun v d lut bo ch. 23/8/1989 i din cc t chc Bn trn i lp hp din hp chun b hi ngh Bn trn i lp ngy 24-8. Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do kin ngh rng trc ht hy tho thun vi ng CNXHCN v lut bu c v lut ng, a cc d lut ny ra Quc hi vo thng chn; v vn tng thng hin nay khng nht thit phi c kin thng nht cui cng, bi v iu ny c th lm tn hi v th m phn ca phe i lp. Ngc li Din n Dn ch ch trng ng thi tho thun vi ng CNXHCN v Bn th Ba v tt c cc vn ct yu. ng Tiu ch c lp, ng Nhn dn, Hi Hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky v ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio chp nhn vic m phn c gi, cc ng khc khng ng . Theo kin ngh k hoch c gi tho hip ca Din n Dn ch vic sa i hin php c bao gm nh ch tng thng, vi iu khon b sung rng vic bu (trc tip) tng thng ch din ra cng vi hoc sau bu quc hi; cho n khi tng thng nhm chc ch tch Quc hi thc hin thm quyn nguyn th quc gia. Trong qu trnh tho lun thc cht c s thng nht rng khi nim x hi ch ngha khng th xut hin bt c dng no trong phn chnh ca hin php; ch trong li ni u c th chp nhn a ch ngha x hi dn ch vo gia cc gi tr tinh thn v chnh tr u chu. Chp nhn nguyn tc bt ho hp lin quan n cc b trng v cc quc v khanh, cng nh vic quc hi mi phi quyt nh v To n Hin php. V quc huy thy cn tip tc tho thun; cho l khng cn nh ch ombudsman. Pozsgay Imre mi Boross Imre s Pet Ivn nhng ngi c u quyn chun b cuc hp cp trung ngy 24-8 v c Antall Jzsef t Bn trn i lp v i din ca Bn Th Ba Kukorelli Istvn n tho lun. Trong cuc gp mt h tho lun chng trnh ngh s ca phin hp ban hip thng chnh tr. Ban I/1 tho lun v cc quyn cng dn cng nh cc kin ngh lin quan n cc chng khc nhau ca hin php.
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Trong cuc hp ban I/6 ng CNXHCN a ra kin ngh mi v chuyn i t v cng nhn. Bn trn i lp gi lp trng ca mnh, theo tc v kh ca t v cng nhn l mt bin php tng cng lng tin, nhng gii php cui cng ch c th l chm dt hon ton, v trc hi m cp trung Bn trn i lp khng mun xem xt kin ngh ny. Sau cc bn nu lp trng ca mnh v vic phi chnh tr ho cc lc lng v trang v cc t chc cng quyn. Trong phin hp th hai ca ban II/6 cc bn thng nht v quyn t do cnh tranh v kinh doanh, v thng nht rng kinh doanh v cnh tranh l li ch chung. c s thng nht v cc nguyn tc c bn ca tnh trung lp cnh tranh v quy ch cnh tranh. 24/8/1989 Trong bui tho lun ba bn chun b cho cuc hp u ban chnh tr ca cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc cc bn ng v tnh cng khai v chng trnh ngh s ca phin hp. Cc i din ca cc t chc Bn trn i lp tip tc cc cuc tho lun tr b bt u t hm qua ca h. Trong kin ngh k hoch c gi ca Din n Dn ch cuc hp tho lun h thng bu c, phi chnh tr cc lc lng v trang, cc c s ng ni lm vic, ti tr cho cc ng, v t v cng nhn. Trong cuc hp Bn trn i lp c cc bo co v nhng tho thun t c v cc vn i gii quyt cc ban I/4, I/6, I/3 v I/2. Din n Dn ch v vic tho lun tng ch ring mt rt li kin ngh c gi ca mnh. Trong tho lun h thng bu c nhng ngi tham d b phiu a s ng h danh sch theo tnh. Bn trn i lp quyt nh rng m phn hip thng chnh tr cn cng khai hon ton, v v vic ny c thng bo bng th trc cho cc bn cn li. Trong cuc hp ca u ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung ca cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc c cc bo co v cng vic n nay ca su ban. Trong m phn chi tit tho lun cc kin ngh ca cc chuyn vin cc ban I/4, I/6 v I/5. c s ng thun v sa i lut t tng hnh s v b lut hnh s. tho thun v cch hiu khi nim qu chnh tr; chp nhn tuyn b chung v nhng ngi tham d cc cuc m phn hip
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thng chnh tr s khng th b bt c bt li no v cc hnh ng ca h; thng nht rng v cc quan im chnh tr hay thi chnh tr khng ai c hng li hay b thit hi ti ni lm vic. V tnh cng khai ca cc cuc m phn c s thng nht rng i Truyn hnh Hungary MTV c chng trnh hng tun v cc cuc m phn, cc cuc hp u ban cp trung s c m cho i din bo gii. Cuc hp ban II/2 tho lun phm vi hot ng c th ca chnh sch x hi cho cc nm tip theo. 25/8/1989 Cuc hp ca u ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung tip tc tho lun chi tit cc vn do ban I/3 nu ra. c tho thun rng trong bu c cng mt ngi c th ng c trong mt khu vc bu c c nhn, trn mt hay hai danh sch a phng v c trn danh sch ton quc na; ng c c nhn cn thu thp c s cn thit cc phiu ngh; v cc vn bu c To n Ti cao l ngi c thm quyn phn xt. Cc bn phi hp lp trng ca mnh v a im kh d ca vic thu thp phiu ngh, cng nh v c cch kim tra vic bu ngoi khu vc nh c. thng nht v h thng bu c hn hp; theo ng thun s bu 150 i biu ti cc khu vc bu c c nhn, bu 150 i biu theo danh sch vng lnh th; 50 i biu s c phn chia trn c s phn l ca s phiu bu. 28/8/1989 Trong cuc hp ban I/3 cc chuyn vin tho lun v phn chia cc khu vc bu c, v lp cc danh sch tnh, cng nh cc iu kin lp danh sch ng vin c nhn. tho thun v danh sch b v cc a im thu thp ngh. Trong phin hp ban iu phi chnh tr cp trung sau khi phi hp chuyn vin tip tc tranh lun cc vn b ng ca ban I/3. Cc bn chp thun rng cc khu vc bu c c nhn cn thu thp c 750 ngh c ng c; tho thun cc iu kin lp danh sch vng lnh th v danh sch ton quc, cng nh cn ngng 4 phn trm c th thng c. Chp thun kin ngh ca ng CNXHCN c quyt nh rng nu vng u khng ng vin no t c a s phiu, vng hai nhng ngi c th i tip
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l nhng ngi trong vng mt t t nht c 15 phn trm s phiu, nhng trong mi trng hp ba ngi t nhiu phiu nht. Trong cc ch ca ban I/2 c s thng nht rng cc thm phn, cc thm phn to n hin php khng th l ng vin ca bt c ng no; cc kim st vin v nhng ngi trong lnh vc c thm quyn phn xt vi phm lut, ngi m trong phm vi cng tc c lp c th ra lnh rt mt quyn t do [ca ngi c cho l vi phm lut], cng nn b loi tr (tc khng c l ng vin). tho thun rng ban I/2 xem xt cc vn ti sn v ban I/3 xem xt cc vn ti chnh lin quan n bu c. ng CNXHCN chp nhn nguyn tc do Bn trn i lp v Bn th Ba a ra, theo cc ni lm vic, cc trng hc, cc ni phc v (c quan, qun i, cng an) cc t chc ng khng c php hot ng, v a ra cc kin ngh thi hn thc hin. Tho thun chnh xc bng vn bn c hon n phin hp tip. 29/8/1989 Trong cuc hp Bn trn i lp i din cc ng tho thun rng k t khi cng b lut ng cc t chc ng chm dt ngay vic tham gia ca vo cc quyt nh ca ni lm vic di bt k hnh thc no, v k t thi im khng c bt c h tr no ca cc ni lm vic cho cc ng. Trong cc c quan c tnh nh nc ngng cc t chc ng c quan trc cui nm. Cc t chc ng cc ni lm vic khc chm dt mun nht 90 ngy trc ngy bu c, tc l thi im cng b ngy bu c. (Nhn nhng ti a 30 ngy, tc l trc cuc vn ng tranh c theo ngha hp.) Bn trn i lp quyt nh: sn sng ghi nhn rng n cui 1990 cc n v v trang cc t chc ng chm dt, nhng k t ngy cng b lut ng thay cho vic gio dc chnh tr l vic gio dc nhng hiu bit v hin php. Nhng ngi d hp phi hp cc lp trng ca h v s phn vai khi nim ch ngha x hi trong hin php, cng nh xc nh khi nim tnh hnh khn cp, iu chnh vic t ra tnh hnh khn cp. Khi tho lun nh ch tng thng nc cng ho Antall Jzsef trnh by rng, vn ny phi da trn cc iu lut I. nm 1946, nhng cng c th cn nhc rng ln u tin nn c bu tng thng trc tip v khi no bu th Din n Dn ch khng mun
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nu lp trng cng nhc. ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio, ng Nhn dn, ng Tiu ch c lp v Hi Hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky ng h bu trc tip- cng sm cng tt, trc hay cng bu quc hi. ng X hi Dn ch ch chp nhn bu tng thng sau bu quc hi. Lin minh Dn ch Tr vn nht quyt rng, s u quyn ca Bn trn i lp l v bu c t do; nh ch tng thng ch Quc hi mi c quyn quyt nh. Lin on Dn ch cc Cng on c lp cng tn thnh cch hiu ny. Theo lp trng ca Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do, tuy s tho thun l ng mong mun nhng la chn kh d trong m phn ba bn l v vn ny khng c lp trng chung. Theo Din n Dn ch vic ny c th gy ri ra cho ton b tho thun. Trong trng hp cui cng Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do cho l c th chp nhn c rng quc hi bu tng thng, nu vic ny c coi l tm thi, cho n quyt nh ca Quc hi mi; tuy vy theo Din n Dn ch vic bu chn ca quc hi s c k hn bn nm. n cui phin hp ( phi hp bn trong cc ng sang ngy khc) xut ca Din n Dn ch c ng, theo nh ch tng thng s theo iu lut I. 1946, vi mt iu khon b sung: vic bu tng thng u tin ch c th din ra sau bu quc hi, cho n lc ch tch Quc hi m nhn chc v ny. Nyers Rezs, ch tch ng CNXHCN tuyn b trong cu lc b cc i biu i hi: Pozsgay Imre khng c u quyn tho thun vi phe i lp v cm cc t chc ng ni lm vic. Ban I/4 tho lun v hiu lc ca th tc t tng hnh s qun s, cng nh v s kch ng chng lut hay lnh ca chnh quyn. Ban I/5 tho lun v lut bo ch. Ba bn thng nht rng hnh thnh ban bin tp gm mi bn mt ngi hp tc vi ban bin tp truyn hnh tham gia vo bin tp cc chng trnh v cc cuc m phn. Ban cng tc xp t kin ngh ca mnh v trnh t ch ca cc chng trnh. 30/8/1989 Trong cuc hp u ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung i din ca Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on tuyn b rng s tm ngng tham gia cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr tip theo. Theo Ch tch on Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on cc cuc m
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phn kinh t c tm quan trng quyt nh i vi cc cng on khng vt qu mc cc tranh lun chuyn gia, cn cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr ngy cng r rng ch tr thnh din n gia cc ng; Bn trn i lp cng nghi ng s bnh ng ca Bn th Ba. Trong qu trnh tho lun cc vn tranh lun ca ban I/1 Bn trn i lp a ra kin ngh mi ca mnh: nh ch tng thng s theo iu lut I. 1946, vi mt iu khon b sung: vic bu tng thng u tin ch c th din ra sau bu quc hi, cho n lc ch tch Quc hi m nhn chc v ny. tho thun rng hai bn kia s nghin cu xut. ng CNXHCN a ra kin ngh mi lin quan n t v cng nhn. c s tho thun rng hin php s xc nh trnh t cng vic ca hai k hp Quc hi t thng chn n thng mi hai, cng nh t thng hai n thng su. Cc bn nht tr v tnh bt ho hp ca cc i biu, cng nh v cc to n c bit. Cc i biu ca cc ban I/2-I/6 tham gia cuc hp ca ban I/1, v by t s thng nht ca h v iu chnh hin nh cc vn m h nu ra trc y. Cc i biu ca ng CNXHCN thng bo rng, chnh ph xut thnh lp nh ch Kim ton Nh nc vi hiu lc 1-1-1990. Bn trn i lp cho l cn a d lut Kim ton Nh nc ra trc cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr; on i biu ng CNXHCN kin ngh Bn trn i lp a xut ny ban cng tc II/5. Trong phin hp ban I/2 ng CNXHCN cam kt chun b bo co chi tit v ti sn ca mnh. Bn trn i lp ghi nhn, rng nh gii php qu ng CNXHCN chuyn phn ti sn c gi tr khong 2,1 t forint ca mnh cho chnh ph. C bn v s phn ca cc bt ng sn trc kia ca cc ng lch s v 50 triu forint ngn khon ring h tr cho cc ng mi. Cc bn thng nht cn lp u ban gii quyt cc vn ny. Trong cuc hp ban I/6 b trng quc phng Krpti Ferenc cho thng bo v tr li cc cu hi ca Bn trn i lp. 31/8/1989 Theo li mi ca Bn trn i lp Cc ch tch v th k cc u ban quc hi m phn vi i din cc ng i lp.
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Trong cuc hp ban I/1 Bn trn i lp v Bn th Ba chp nhn rng chnh ph hy b sung nh ch Kim ton Nh nc. Ngoi ra cc bn cn m phn v quyn hn ca tng thng, v To n Hin php, v cm cc t chc v trang c mc ch chnh tr v v vn quc huy. Cuc hp ban I/3 m phn v cc iu kin lp danh sch ton quc, v s i biu Quc hi v v phn chia cc gh i biu. Ba bn lp tiu ban son tho quy tc o c. Nhng ngi tham d hp ban II/2 nghe thng bo ca cc chuyn vin U Ban K hoch Nh nc. 1/9/1989 Hi ngh Ban CHT ng CNXHCN quyt nh rng, on m phn ca ng nht quyt v bu c trc tip tng thng, nu c th trc bu quc hi, nhng mun nht cng vi bu i biu quc hi. Ngh quyt ca Ban CHT bc b vic cm cc t chc ng ni lm vic khng thuc cc t chc cng quyn. 4/9/1989 Trong cuc hp ban I/1 Bn th Ba trnh by kin ngh bng vn bn v cch din t hin nh ca s hu cng cng, tuy vy Bn trn i lp thy khng th chp nhn c; vn c chuyn cho u ban cp trung. Cc bn m phn v quy ch ban b tnh trng chin tranh v tnh trng khn cp, v c cu Hi ng Quc phng, v phm vi nhim v cnh st v v vn quc huy. Ban I/5 sot xt cng vic lm n nay chun b cho phin hp u ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung. Ti cuc hp Bn trn i lp i din cc ng hip thng lp trng ca h v cc ch c th mong i cuc hp u ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung. Ti cuc hp ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung quyt nh lp ban d tho cc quy tc th tc cho cc trng hp cc bn cha c tho thun v vn no . V nh ch tng thng on i biu ng CNXHCN chp nhn lut I. nm 1946 lm c s m phn, nhng khng khng i dn trc tip bu tng thng trc bu c quc hi. Sau nhiu xut v tranh lun c ng thun v cch din t sau c th a vo vn bn chun ca hin php: "Cng ho
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Hungary l nh nc php quyn c lp, dn ch, trong cc gi tr dn ch t sn v ch ngha x hi dn ch u c hiu lc." V t chc ng ni lm vic ng CNXHCN a ra xut ph hp vi ngh quyt ca Ban CHT: Ti To n Hin php, cc to n, cc t chc c quan ca Quc hi v ca vn phng tng thng, Kim ton Nh nc, vin kim st, cc c quan cng quyn, cc lc lng v trang, cnh st v cc c quan trt t an ninh cc ng khng c lp t chc v cc t chc ng khng c hot ng. Ti cc ni lm vic khc cc ng c th lp t chc ng vi cc iu kin ging nhau, khng c hot ng chnh tr trong gi lm vic, khng c ci vo trt t t chc ca ni lm vic v khng c nh hng n vic ra quyt nh lin quan n hot ng chuyn mn ca ni lm vic. Bn trn i lp gi nguyn lp trng trc y ca mnh, nh th khng c s tho thun. 5/9/1989 Theo xut ca Bn th Ba U ban Thin ch hp. C ba bn u tuyn b coi cc bn khc ngang hng ph hp vi cc tho thun trc: Bn trn i lp v ng CNXHCN coi s tham d ca Bn th Ba l quan trng trong vic tip tc cc cuc m phn. Cc bn thng nht rng cn y nhanh cc cuc m phn v cc vn kinh t, nhm mc ch u ban cp trung chu trch nhim v cc vn kinh t nn hp cng sm cng tt. Cuc hp ban I/1 m phn v iu chnh tnh trng chin tranh, tnh trng c bit v v tnh trng khn cp, v c cu Hi ng Quc phng, cng nh v nh ch tng thng. Cuc hp ban I/5 quyt nh yu cu u ban cp trung: kiu gi khn thit ch tch truyn hnh bt u chng trnh tranh lun ngay tun ny theo tho thun. U quyn cho u ban ba bn m phn tip tc v cc iu kin nhn s v k thut ca chng trnh. Nhng ngi than d cuc hp ban II/3 tho lun hai xut: vn t nhn ho v lut chuyn i cc x nghip quc doanh. Bn th Ba ngoi nhng th khc khng nh rng iu kin chung thc hin ci cch s hu l khi phc cc chc nng s hu ca x hi, v thy cn phi ngn nhng vic chuyn i ang trong qu trnh. Cc t chc ca Bn trn i lp trnh by lp trng bng a ra cc bin php do h xut; h thy cn thit
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rng cc c quan nh nc phi gii quyt ngay ngn cn vic bn ti sn nh nc hay ti sn hp tc x di gi tr. Cc bn thng nht rng, chnh ph hy lm tht r: lm dng t nhn ho t pht v t cch v trch nhim s ko theo trng pht php l nghim khc. 6/9/1989 Ti cuc hp ca u ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung chp thun lut bu c vi s ng thun (cha ng ng v vn cc t chc x hi a ra ng vin). Vn t chc c s v ti chnh ca cc ng c chuyn cho mt u ban th tc php l s c thnh lp gii quyt. Cuc hp ban I/3 bt u m phn v phng thc h tr nh nc cho chin dch tranh c, v tho thun v vic phn chia s gh quc hi. Trong ban I/6 vn cha t c tho thun v vn t v cng nhn. Trong phn th hai ca cuc hp nghe thng bo ca cc th trng ni v Trs Andrs v Pallagi Ferenc v cc vn an ninh cng cng v gi trt t tr an, cng nh cng vic ca nha an ninh quc gia. 7/9/1989 Ban I/1 tip tc tho lun iu chnh hin nh lin quan n tng thng. 8/9/1989 Chun b cho m phn cp trung nhng ngi d hp Bn trn i lp hnh thnh lp trng ca h v cc vn cng khai. Cuc hp u ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung a cc vn do ban cng tc I/5 tho lun vo chng trnh ngh s. Thng bo rng ti Truyn hnh Hungary bt u chng trnh hng tun v m phn ba bn. Bn trn i lp yu cu thm thi lng chnh tr cho cc t chc ca mnh, cng nh kin ngh lm cho cng vic ca cc ban chuyn gia c cng khai. c ng thun v lp ban thng tin v t. Phin hp xem xt ci gi l cc vn phc hi bo ch b sn ui. Chuyn cho cc ban I/5 v I/2 nghin cu tip v vn ca cc t bo ng cp tnh. c tho thun rng
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u ban tip tc trau chut cc nguyn tc c bn ca lut bo ch mi. Cuc hp ban II/5 trn c s xut ca Bn trn i lp tho thun rng v cc vn ti chnh a phng lut ngn sch nh nc tnh n chnh quyn t tr ca cc khu dn c v quyn t qun ti chnh da trn c s . Cng tho thun rng, cc d kin v bo co ngn sch trung ng v a phng c tch theo t chc v khu dn c, phi cng khai v mi ngi c th truy cp n. Bn trn i lp thy cn thit phi tho lun d lut Kim ton Nh nc. 11/9/1989 chun b cho phin hp u ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung cuc hp ban I/1 sot li cc vn t c tho thun, v hnh vn r rng lp trng ca h trong cc vn cn tranh ci. Nhng ngi d hp Bn trn i lp sau khi tranh lun b phiu quyt nh rng, trong cc cuc m phn cp trung Bn trn i lp vn i din cho lp trng rng sau bu c t do quc hi mi bu ra tng thng. Trong lc Din n Dn ch kin ngh rng, v c l khng p c lp trng ny, trong trng hp b t chi nh mt ngoi l mt ln hy chp nhn bu c trc tip, ngay c trc bu c quc hi. Kin ngh c a s 5:4, nhng s ph quyt ca Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do, Lin minh Dn ch Tr v ng X hi Dn ch cn tr s chp nhn. Nhng ngi dn ch t do xut rng ch tuyn b v vn ny cui cc cuc m phn, khi r lp trng ca ng CNXHCN v cc vn cn cha ng ng. Cuc hp ca u ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung r sot li cc tho thun t c lin quan n sa i hin php v cc ch cn thm s hip thng chuyn gia. Cc bn chp nhn s quay li cc vn cn b ng ca nh ch tng thng cng vi cc vn cha ng ng vo cui cc cuc m phn. Trong s cc vn cn b ng ca lut bu c u ban xem xt quyn c ca cc t chc x hi, trn c s kin ngh ca Bn th Ba. Bn trn i lp a ra cc kin ngh ca mnh v chm dt lc lng t v cng nhn.
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Cc chuyn gia d hp ban I/3 sot li cc vn lin quan n phn chia khu vc bu c, v tho ra cc kin ngh tip tc cng vic. 12/9/1989 Trong cuc hp ban I/5 cc chuyn gia ca b thng bo v phn chia tn s. Bn trn i lp kin ngh nm ngi vo u ban thng tin v t. Ch c tranh ci v mt ng vin; cc bn ng rng cho n phin hp u ban cp trung Bn trn i lp hy kin ngh ngi mi. 13/9/1989 Ban I/1 xem xt cc vn vn cn tranh ci sau phin hp u ban cp trung. Cc chuyn gia hp ban I/6 tho lun v cng c nhng ng thun trc y. Cuc hp ban II/4 tho lun cc sa i lin quan n mt s im ca lut t ai. Nhng ngi d hp a ra lp trng rng Quc hi ng tho lun vn lut v rng v sn bn, cng nh c quyt nh rng ban ng nhn tho lun vn cc quy tc bo v mi trng. Hp ban II/6 xc nh rng, cn gii quyt cc c quyn cng vi chnh sch kinh t v quy tc cnh tranh. 14/9/1989 Pozsgay Imre gi th cho cc bn thng bo rng chnh ph phi trnh Quc hi d tho cc lut gc li khi bt u cc cuc m phn, v th phin hp ton th ngy 18-9 s phi cng b ng thun. Quan im ca ng CNXHCN l phi to s ng thun trn c s tho thun ton cc; s ch c tho c, nu thnh cng tho thun v mi vn . Bc th c nu cch hiu ca ng CNXHCN ng thun l th no. Ph th tng Medgyessy Pter gp g cc i din Bn trn i lp. Ch chnh ca cc cuc bn tho l vn ci cch s hu. Cuc hp ban I/3 thng nht xut hnh vn v quyn c ca cc t chc x hi, v xc nh lp trng ca h lin quan
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n cm s tham gia ca nhng ngi nc ngoi vo chin dch tranh c. Ban II/2 tho lun cc vn cn n quyt nh ca bo him x hi. 15/9/1989 Cuc hp Bn trn i lp xem xt li tnh hnh cc ngh d tho lut m cc u ban cng tc bn bc. Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do kin ngh ng xut hin trong tho c cc vn vn cha t c s tho thun. ngh cc cuc m phn tip v chm dt lc lng t v cng nhn v cc t chc ng ni lm vic. Lin minh Dn ch Tr tuyn b: khng ng a hai la chn quyt nh trong bt c vn no ra trc quc hi. Cng n ra tranh lun liu cc i din ban I/5 c c u quyn kin ngh c cu nhn s cho u ban thng tin v t hay khng v quyt nh rng khng ngh cc tn cho u ban cp trung. V vn bu c tng thng ngh ca Szabad Gyrgy c a s 5:4, theo t l c tri i bu phi t 2/3 tr ln v phi t c a s tuyt i. Nu khng c nh vy th Quc hi mi s la chn 1 trong 2 ng vin c s phiu cao nht. Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do tuyn b khng k tho thun cha iu khon bu tng thng trc tip, cn Lin minh Dn ch Tr thng bo khng k tho c theo bu tng thng xy ra trc bu quc hi. Antall Jzsef cho bit rng bt chp iu ny h vn gi lp trng ca mnh. Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do v Lin minh Dn ch Tr yu cu hon a ra cng khai vic ny n phin hp ton th 18-9; trong trng hp ny, tuy h khng k tho c, h khng cn tr cc t chc khc k. Ti cuc hp u u ban chnh tr cp trung Bn trn i lp chp nhn lp To n Hin php trong trng hp tho mn cc iu kin xc nh. Ba bn quyt nh rng, cui tun cc chuyn gia theo th tc tng tc c t tho thun bng vn bn v tt c cc vn , ngoi ra c cc vn lin quan n hin php ca Kim ton Nh nc. lm r cc vn tranh ci ca lut ng c chuyn cho u ban chuyn gia. 16-17/9/1989
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Ba bn hi m ti B t php v vn sa i hin php v cc vn cn tranh ci ca To n hin php. 18/9/1989 Cuc hp ban I/2 bn v d lut v hot ng v qun l kinh t ca cc ng. Ban I/3 xem xt cc vn cn cha ng ng ca lut bu c. Ti cuc hp ban I/4 khng t c tho thun gia Bn trn i lp v ng CNXHCN v thi gian bt u c hiu lc ca sa i lut t tng hnh s. Cuc hp ca Bn trn i lp xem xt li kt qu hip thng cui tun cp chuyn gia. c s ng thun v lp To n Hin php v a nh ch ombudsman vo hin php, cng nh v Kim Ton Nh nc. Bn trn i lp nht quyt rng vn bn lut Kim ton nh nc c tho lun ban II/5, ngoi ra trong ba lnh o hng u ca Kim ton ch la chn mt ph ch tch, cn ch tch v ph ch tch kia do Quc hi mi la chn. Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do v Lin minh Dn ch Tr xc nhn rng ti phin hp ton th h s khng k tho c. Trong khi hip thng lut ng mc chuyn gia khng gii quyt c vn t chc ng rt khi ni lm vic v vn ti sn ng, v th Lin on Dn ch cc Cng on c lp quyt nh cng s khng k tho c. Ti phin hp u ban hip thng chnh tr cp trung, tr li cho cc cu hi c t ra phin trc Pozsgay Imre tuyn b rng n cui nm ng CNXHCN chuyn cho chnh ph ti sn c gi tr hai t forint, v vic ti tr cc ng c ly t ti sn ny. Chnh ph tuyn b rng cho n ngy lut t tng hnh s c hiu lc nh chc trch lm theo tinh thn ca cc sa i. ng CNXHCN chp nhn thi hn 120 ngy bt u c hiu lc. Ti phin hp c ng thun v sa i hin php, cng nh v cc vn cn tranh ci ca d lut To n Hin php. Trong phin hp ton th ca Bn trn Dn tc Pozsgay Imre cho bit, ng CNXHCN chp nhn ngh ca Bn trn i lp, theo Hi ng ch tch nc t chc cng lc vi thi im c hiu lc ca lut sa i hin php, v cho n khi bu c tng thng Ch tch Quc hi kim chc nguyn th quc gia.
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Antall Jzsef thay mt cho nm t chc l Din n Dn ch, ng Tiu ch c lp, ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio, ng Nhn dn v Hi hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinzky tuyn b, rng vi mt iu b sung gn vo hin php cho thi k qu nh mt ngoi l h chp nhn ngh cc cng dn trc tip bu tng thng trc bu c quc hi. Bu tng thng cn c 2/3 c tri tham gia v phi c a s tuyt i, ngoi ra sau mun nht 90 ngy sau phi bu Quc hi mi. Tlgyessy Pter i din cho Lin minh Dn ch T do tuyn b cc cuc hi m khng t c kt qu trong nhng vn c bn, bi v ng CNXHCN khng mun xo b cc t chc ng ni lm vic, khng cam kt bo co v ti sn h s hu hay khai thc, khng ng gii th lc lng t v cng nhn, m li nht quyt i bu tng thng trc bu quc hi. Do vy h khng k tho c, nhng ngh t chc trng cu dn v cc vn c bn quyt nh qu chnh tr dn ch. Thay mt Lin minh Dn ch Tr, Kvr Lszl ng h tuyn b ca Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do. Gask Istvn tuyn b rng, ng Dn ch X hi k tho c, nhng kin khc nhau ca h v bu tng thng h mun ghi nh mt ghi ch ca tho c. Lin on Dn ch cc Cng on c lp tham gia Bn trn i lp nh quan st vin khng k tho c. 19/9/1989 Su t chc Bn trn i lp k tho c kt thc giai on 136-1989 n 18-9 ca cc cuc m phn hip thng chnh tr ra tuyn b nu kin ring ca h v s iu chnh lin quan n hot ng ca cc ng ni lm vic ca d lut v s hot ng v qun l ca cc ng, cng nh v chm dt lc lng t v cng nhn. Ban I/5 tho lun phn chia tn s cho pht thanh v truyn hnh. i din ca Bn trn i lp cho bit, bt chp li ha h khng bit gii thiu ngi mi vo ban thng tin v t, bi v trong ni b Bn trn i lp nhng ngi c chn n nay cng tr thnh ng tranh ci.
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Trong phin hp chung ca cc ban I/3 v I/5 khng hin din cc i din ca Truyn hnh Hungary, Radio Hungary v ca Cu lc b Cng khai, v th khng c tho lun. Ti cuc hp ban II/3 c tranh lun gay gt lin quan n chuyn i cc x nghip quc doanh. Bn th Ba v Bn trn i lp by t s nghi ng i vi mt s trng hp c th; Bn th Ba kin ngh ngng cc cuc m phn. 20/9/1989 Theo xut ca Bn th Ba u ban kinh t v x hi cp trung ca Bn trn Dn tc nhm hp. Cc bn xem xt v tho lun cng vic lm n nay ca su ban cng tc, cng nh cc hon cnh cn tr cm thy trong thi gian . Bn trn i lp kin ngh xo b cc th tc b mt tha c th tip cn n thng tin v d liu cn thit. Nhng ngi d hp chp nhn mt tuyn b dnh cho Quc hi, trong ln n vic bn ti sn nh nc di gi tr v s chuyn i i ngc vi cc li ch quc gia; ku gi nh chc trch c cc bin php ngay tc khc. Ti cuc hp ban I/2 on i biu Bn trn i lp ng tic ghi nhn rng, ng CNXHCN ch sau i hi, hay ph thuc vo ngh quyt i hi, mi a ra cng khai ton b ti sn ca mnh theo bn k danh mc. tranh lun v d kin bng cn i ti sn do ng CNXHCN chun b. U ban tng kt cc tho thun v ti tr qu cho cc ng v m bo cc iu kin vt cht cho hot ng ca h. Cuc hp ban I/6 tho lun v nh ch ombudsman, v a khon cm phn bit i x chnh tr vo b lut lao ng, v phi chnh tr qun i. Bn trn i lp trnh by lp trng ca mnh v chm dt lc lng t v cng nhn, v v quyt nh trng cu dn . 22/9/1989 Cuc hp ban II/5 tip tc tranh lun v d nh ca d lut ngn sch nh nc. i din Bn trn i lp khng ng vi vic thit lp Kim ton Nh nc vo 1-1-1990, cho rng vic ny khng c c s v mt chuyn mn. Kin ngh cch gii quyt tm thi lin quan n kim tra ngn sch nh nc cho giai on qu .
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24/9/1989 Lin minh Dn ch T do a ra cng khai 4 vn cn trng cu dn : 1. Cc t chc ng c nn rt khi ni lm vic khng? 2. ng CNXHCN c nn thanh ton ti sn do h s hu hay khai thc khng? 3. Vic bu tng thng c nn din ra sau bu c Quc hi khng? 4. C nn gii th t v cng nhn khng? ngh trng cu dn ny c 3 t chc l Lin minh Dn ch Tr, ng x hi Dn ch v vo u thng mi mt ng Tiu ch c lp cng tn ng. 25/9/1989 Ti cuc hp ban I/3 cc bn cam kt rng h s cng tham gia vo cc cuc tho lun v lut bu c ti cc u ban ca quc hi v c th cc din n x hi khc, v h i din cho lp trng ng thun chung. Ti cuc hp ban II/2 c tho thun v mt s vn chnh sch pht trin nh , cng nh v s dng phn d nm 1989 ca bo him x hi. 26/9/1989 Ti cuc hp ban I/5 cc i din ca Bn trn i lp yu cu on i biu ng CNXHCN hy khi tho kin ngh nhm to c hi bnh ng khi gii quyt vn cc t bo tnh nh mt vn chnh tr trong thi gian bu c. 26-28/9/1989 Quc hi thng qua lut s XXV nm 1989 v sa i b lut hnh s, cng nh lut s XXVI nm 1989 v sa i lut t tng hnh s. 29/9/1989 Ti cuc hp ban II/4, Bn trn i lp v Bn th Ba ngh xo b ngay lp tc nh ch mua li (chuc li) rung t, on i biu ng CNXHCN thy c kh nng ny trong qu trnh lm lut t ai mi. Ba bn t c ng thun nguyn tc rng, t trng trt v t rng khng th c phn l cho cc hng kinh doanh; v thi im y cng khng t c s tho thun. Bn
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trn i lp cho rng i vi t thuc s hu tp th ca cc hp tc x, cng nh t thuc s hu nh nc quan h s hu l ln xn, v kin ngh tm ngng vic bun bn t; ng CNXHCN cng khng cho iu ny l xc ng trong lc giao thi. 2/10/1989 Cuc hp ban I/3 thng nht v phn chia cc khu vc bu c c nhn Budapest v cc tnh. on i biu ng CNXHCN trnh by kin ngh ca mnh v d lut lin quan n bu tng thng. 3/10/1989 Ti cuc hp chung ca cc ban I/3 v I/5 cc i din ca Bn trn i lp phn i v s bt bnh ng c hi cm thy trong phng tin truyn thng i chng. Trong cuc hp c s tham gia ca cc i din ca Truyn hnh, Radio, Hng thng tn MTI, Hi Nh bo Ton quc v Cu lc b Cng khai bt u vic thng tho chuyn gia lin quan n tnh cng khai ca cc cuc bu c. Ban I/5 tho lun v cc t bo a phng; nghe lp trng ca Cu lc b Cng khai v cc kin ngh do ng CNXHCN xut. Ban II/2 tip tc tranh lun v cc vn ca bo him x hi. 4/10/1989 Cc bn tham d hp ban II/6 ku gi cp trung ca cc cuc m phn ba bn hy ngay lp tc yu cu chnh ph trnh ln quc hi cc quy ch php l nhm ngn cn vic chuyn i s hu nh nc i ngc vi li ch cng cng. Cc i biu tip tc tho lun cc vn chnh sch kinh t quan trng lin quan n gii quyt cc c quyn. 5/10/1989 Cuc hp ban II/1 tho lun cc ti liu chuyn mn, sau nu ra cc ch v lch trnh ca cc cuc m phn tip. 6-9/10/1989 Hp i hi XIV ca ng CNXHCN Hungary, cng nh i hi I. ca ng XHCN Hungary. Lp trng c thng qua ngy
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7-10 ni rng, ng CNXHCN vi t cch nh lch s ca ngnh-nc chm dt, v gi s lin tc php l tuyn b thnh lp ng X hi Ch ngha Hungary. Trong cc vn cn b ng ca cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc cc i biu d i hi thng qua vic gii tn lc lng t v cng nhn, cng nh ngha v thanh ton ti sn ng; vic cm cc ng hot ng bn trong x nghip tuy vy b a s bc b. i hi xc nhn cng v ng c vin tng thng ca Pozsgay Imre. 9/10/1989 D lut bu tng thng c trong chng trnh ngh s ca cuc hp ban I/3. 10/10/1989 Ti cuc hp ban I/5 Bn trn i lp trnh by kin ca mnh v cc kin ngh c hi cng bng ca ng CNXHCN. Ti cuc hp chung ca cc ban I/3 v I/5 ba bn cng nh cc chuyn gia ca hng thng tn MTI, TV Hungary, Radio Hungary v Cu lc b Cng khai tho lun v ngha v ca cc qung co tranh c c tr tin, v vai tr ca cc i truyn hnh v pht thanh a phng trong chin dch tranh c. 11/10/1989 Ti cuc hp ban I/6 tr li cu hi ca Bn trn i lp cc i din ca ng XHCN tuyn b rng, h tha nhn cc tho thun n nay l c hiu lc, v vi t cch ngi k tha hp php ca ng CNXHCN, h s tip tc m phn theo tinh thn cc ngh quyt ca i hi. on i biu Bn trn i lp by t lo ngi rng vi hon cnh mi cc tho thun s c hiu lc n u quc hi. Cuc hp bn v tuyn truyn chnh tr bn trong qun i, v chm dt lc lng t v cng nhn v v cc bin php cng bch ca cnh st. 13/10/1989 Ban II/5 bn chi tit v vai tr ca nh nc.
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17/10/1989 Cuc hp ban II/1 tho lun vic hnh thnh chnh sch kinh t chng lm pht, cng nh trnh by lp trng ca h v nh gi cc nm trc. Bn th Ba ghi li kin ca mnh trong mt ti liu ring v cc nguyn nhn khng hong kinh t (vi ngy sau t Npszava cng b cng khai, ri cng c ng tr li ca Bn trn i lp). 17-20/10/1989 Quc hi thng qua lut s XXXI nm 1989 v sa i hin php, cng nh lut v To n Hin php mang s XXXII nm 1989, lut v ng s XXXIII nm 1989 v lut v tin hnh bu c s XXXIV nm 1989. Lut s XXXV nm 1989 xc nh cc quy tc bu tng thng. Trong lut s XXX nm 1989 Quc hi gii tn lc lng t v cng nhn m khng c ngi tha k hp php. Lut v hot ng v qun l ca cc ng quy nh thanh ton ti sn v qun l ti sn, ngoi ra cm vic t chc ch lm vic ca cc ng. 23/10/1989 Trc m ng qun chng t tp trn qung trng Kossuth, Szrs Mtys tng thng lm thi ca nc cng ho t ban cng Nh Quc hi tuyn b thnh lp Cng ho Hungary. 25/10/1989 Ti cuc hp ban I/6 Bn th Ba ln n biu hin c cho l qu khch ca bui t chc 23/10. Cc bn tho thun tm hon hot ng ca h v thi hn, nhng theo yu cu ca bt c bn no h sn sng tip tc cng vic vo thi gian tho thun. Nhng ngi tham d hp ban II/6 tuyn b rng, trong tnh hnh chnh tr khng chc chn h cho vic tip tc cc cuc m phn ba bn, vic xc nh cc vn c nu trong ch iu chnh cnh tranh v phng thc gii quyt chng l quan trng. Cc bn nghe bo co v hot ng ca hi ng phi iu tit.
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26/10/1989 Ti cuc hp ban I/5 cc i din ca ng XHCN kin ngh m phn v cc t bo tnh, vi s tham gia ca tt c nhng ngi quan tm. Cc i din ca ng XHCN v ca Bn th Ba khng c mt trong bui hp chung ca cc ban I/3 v I/5, cho nn m phn thc cht b b. 27/10/1989 Ti cuc hp ban II/5 cc chuyn gia c mi trnh by cng vic chun b lm lut v chnh quyn t qun a phng. i din B Ti chnh thng bo rng Chnh ph thng qua cc lun ca d tho lut ngn sch nh nc. Cc i din ca Bn trn i lp ng tic xc nh rng, khng thc hin c im ca tho thun t c cc cuc m phn ba bn cp cao, theo vn Kim ton Nh nc s c tho lun u ban chuyn mn kinh t. 30-31/10/1989 Quc hi quyt nh trng cu dn vo ngy 26/11, ng thi ly ngy 7/1/1990 lm ngy bu c trc tip chc danh tng thng cng ho, gn vi trng cu dn v quc huy. Quc hi tho lun d lut v Kim ton Nh nc, v bu ch tch v mt ph ch tch ca Kim ton Nh nc (ph ch tch th hai c h bu vo ngy 23/11.) 2/11/1989 K t 18/9/1989 Bn trn i lp hp tr li ln u tin. Trong na u cuc hp i din cc ng i lp tin hnh m o vi Anders Bjrck, ch tch Quc hi Hi ng chu u. Hi ngh tranh lun gay gt v cc iu kin c Fzessy Tibor lm thm phn to n hin php, sau Bn trn i lp b phiu kn c Slyom Lszl s Zlinszky Jnos lm thnh vin To n Hin php. Ny ra tranh lun v hot ng trong tng lai ca Bn trn i lp v chuyn i c cu ca cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc. Cuc hp ban II/1 tho lun v thay i h thng thanh ton thng mi Hungary-Lin x v h thng iu hnh Hungary.
154
7/11/1989 Trong cuc hp chung ca cc ban I/3 v I/5 khng c mt cc i din ca Bn trn i lp, nh th li khng th c m phn thc cht. Cc i din c mt ca ng XHCN, Bn th Ba, cng nh ca hng thng tn MTI, TV, Radio v Hi nh bo tho thun rng, tm thi hon hot ng ca u ban cng tc chung, nhng nu cn, bt k theo sng kin ca chnh ph, bt k theo sng kin ca bn m phn no h li nhm hp vo thi gian tho thun. Coi tho lun tnh cng khai ca vic bu tng thng v cc cuc bu quc hi l nhim v khn cp. 8/11/1989 Nhng ngi tham d hp Bn trn i lp kin ngh Solt Pl ng vin c Bn trn i lp v ng XHCN cng ng h vo to n hin php. Gia cc t chc khng c s thng nht v vn c gi cc thnh vin i din vo u ban gim st TV do chnh ph s thnh lp, hay kin nh vi tho thun t trc v lp u ban thng tin v t. Tip tc tranh lun v tng lai ca Bn trn i lp, v cc i tc m phn kh d, v hnh thnh c ch quyt nh. Nhng ngi tham d thng qua tuyn b v cc nguyn tc phn chia khon mt trm triu forint h tr cc ng. Cuc hp ban I/6 tho lun v lut phc v cng cng, v cc yu cu i vi ngi lao ng trong b my nh nc, v s phn tng lai ca h. Theo sng kin ca Bn trn i lp cc bn thng qua lp trng rng phi tng tc th tc minh oan cho nhng ngi b kt n nm 1956. Cuc hp ban II/6 bn v cc vn t do ho nhp khu v iu tit gi c, sau tho lun cc lp trng v x l cc c quyn. 9/11/1989 Cc i biu Bn trn i lp khng n bui hp ban I/5, nn m phn b b. 11/11/1989 Bo T do nhn dn, Npszabadsg, ng ti liu kinh t chung ca ng XHCN v Bn trn i lp, trong hai nhm m phn nh gi v din tin ca chnh sch kinh t cc nm 1987 1989.
155
13/11/1989 Ch tch on ton quc Din n Dn ch Hungary ra ngh quyt khng tham gia vo cuc trng cu dn d nh t chc vo ngy 26/11/1989. 16/11/1989 Cc i din Bn trn i lp li vng mt trong cuc hp ban I/5, v th m phn b b. 20/11/1989 Hi ng B trng ra ngh nh thnh lp u ban gim st i pht thanh v i truyn hnh Hungary, cc u vin do th tng ch nh. 21/11/1989 Trong cuc hp Bn trn i lp bt u tho lun v thi im ca cc cuc bu c quc hi, cng nh sng kin ca i din Din n Dn ch v bu quc hi v tng thng cng lc. Ln ny cng khng t lp trng chung v vn kim tra cc phng tin thng tin i chng: Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do, Lin minh Dn ch Tr, ng v Lin minh X hi Dn ch nht quyt ch trng lp u ban thng tin v t, ng Tiu ch T do thi khng ng h vic ny, cc t chc khc th c i din vo u ban a ng gim st thng tin do chnh ph thnh lp. 22/11/1989 Cc t chc v phong tro x hi tham gia vo Bn th Ba ra thng bo rng, h buc phi coi chui cuc m phn tay ba b chm dt, bt chp s thc rng nhng vn nu trong tho thun khng c thc hin. 23/11/1989 Quc hi bu ra cc thnh vin ca To n hin php: dm Antal, Kilnyi Gza, Solt Pl, Slyom Lszl v Zlinszky Jnos. U ban I/5 tho lun d tho vn bn lut bo ch. 26/11/1989
156
C 58% s c tri tham gia cuc trng cu dn . 95% ng gii th lc lng t v cng nhn, thanh ton ti sn ng v phi chnh tr ho cc ni lm vic. Ngc li trong vic bu c tng thng s phiu tn thnh ch hn s phiu khng tn thnh c 6101 phiu. 29/11/1989 Do s vng mt ca Bn trn i lp cuc hp ban I/5 b b. 30/11/1989 Ti cuc hp Bn trn i lp i din ca ng Tiu ch T do cho bit, rng theo tinh thn quyt nh ca b chnh tr ca h ngy hm trc t nay v sau h khng coi mnh l mt phn ca lin hip nh thng trong trng cu dn na, v n cc cuc bu c h mun hot ng chnh tr c lp. Nhng ngi tham d cuc hp nht tr quyt nh rng, Bn trn i lp hy tn ti n khi kt thc cc cuc bu c, nhng tip tc hot ng vi tnh cht hip thng. Bn trn i lp, vi t cch l mt ton th thng nht, trong tng lai s khng cn xut cc cuc m phn vi bt c ai. thng qua thng co, theo thy cn thit l trong phin hp ti quc hi tuyn b t gii tn, v quyt nh bu c quc hi vo thng ba 1990. 8-10/12/1989 Theo sng kin ca chnh ph din ra cuc hp thng nh dn tc 3 ngy ti nh Quc hi. Ngy 8/12 Hi ng B trng, Quc hi v lnh o cc ng hi m. Ngy 9/12 Hi ng B trng, Quc hi v cc t chc i din li ch hp. Ngy 10/12 l cuc hp ca i din Hi ng B trng, quan chc Quc hi v ch nhim cc u ban ca Quc hi. 14/12/1989 Cuc hp Bn trn i lp tho lun quy tc o c bu c; nghe thng bo ca Knya Imre v d tho do Din n Lut gia c lp son v quyt nh, rng h ly d tho lm c s cho cc cuc m phn tip. Bn trn i lp v Bn trn Duna ra tuyn b chung v h thng p thu in trn sng Duna.
157
21/12/1989 Quc hi tuyn b gii th t ngy 16/3/1990. Sau tng thng lm thi Szrs Mtys ban b bu c quc hi vo ngy 25/3/1990. 1990 2/1/1990 Ti cuc hp Bn trn i lp Bogdn Tibor th trng b t php thng bo v cc d lut s a ra quc hi, cng nh chun b cho k hp ti ca Quc hi (lut t do tn gio, sa i lut bo ch, quy ch tm thi v a v php l ca cc i biu quc hi, i din cc sc tc trong Quc hi, v.v.) Lin quan n s tham gia ca ng Dn ch X hi c lp ny ra tranh lun v vn m rng Bn trn i lp. Li a ra chng trnh nghi s vn p thu in Bs-Nagymaros, cng nh d tho quy tc o c ca Din n Lut gia c lp. 11/1/1990 Cc i biu Lin minh Dn ch Tr ri khi cuc hp Bn trn i lp, v khng tho mn yu cu ca h rng a xut ca h ra u tin trc c chng trnh ngh s v tho lun n trc. Tuyn b, trong ln n Vigh Kroly a kin ring ca mnh cho bo ch vi t cch ch tch ng thi ca Bn trn i lp, c tho lun vng mt h. Trn c s thng bo ca Fodor Istvn, ch tch Quc hi cc i biu tho lun d lut v a v php l ca cc i biu quc hi, v tin th lao cho i biu quc hi, cng nh s thay i cn thit ca ni quy quc hi. Bn trn i lp vi s vng mt ca Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do, Lin minh Dn ch Tr, Lin on Dn ch cc Cng on c lp vi ba phiu thun hai phiu chng v mt phiu trng kt np ng X hi Dn ch c lp lm thnh vin. 17/1/1990 Ti cuc hp Bn trn i lp cc t chc gp cc lnh o gio hi. Cuc gp cp n cc vn tnh hnh, vai tr x hi, i din chnh tr ca gio hi, n lut v quyn t do tn gio v
158
gio hi, cng nh vic khi phc li quan h ngoi giao gia Vatican v Hungary. 23/1/1990 12 t chc k vn bn cui cng ca quy tc o c bu c do Din n Lut gia c lp son tho: Din n Dn ch, ng Tiu ch c lp, ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio, Lin minh Dn ch T do, Lin minh Dn ch Tr, ng X hi Dn ch, ng X hi Dn ch c lp, ng XHCN, Lin minh Nng nghip, Lin minh Bu c Yu nc, ng tiu ch Dn tc v ng t do. 24/1/1990 Trong cuc hp Bn trn i lp ln u tin nu vn s phn ca cc ti liu ca cc cuc m phn, v lu tr n, v s dng n, v cc iu kin a chng ra cng khai. Cc mu thun ny sinh v tranh lun gia Lin minh Dn ch Tr v Vigh Kroly, cng nh v hon cnh kt np ng X hi Dn ch c lp li t ra vn v tip tc duy tr Bn trn i hay khng, cng nh cc thiu st ca quy ch hot ng ca n. 7/2/1990 Ti cuc hp Bn trn i lp nhng ngi c mt biu quyt duy tr Bn trn i lp, vi phiu chng ca ng Nhn dn v phiu trng ca Lin minh Dn ch Tr. Cn cc ch ni ln (s phn ca cc ti liu Bn trn i lp, cch hiu v ng thun trong qu trnh quyt nh) c hon sang k hp tip s tho lun. 28/2/1990 Trong cuc hp Bn trn i lp i din ca Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do v Lin minh Dn ch Tr kin ngh cc ng truy cp ngay n cc t liu vn bn v s dng t do. Thay mt Din n Dn ch Szabad Gyrgy ngc li i din cho lp trng rng, cc t liu c th c cng b ch vi s cng tc ca mt ban bin tp chung v tun th cc quy tc trch dn ngun. Nhng ngi tham d bc b kin ngh ca Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do, theo n khi thnh lp chnh ph
159
mi cc ng a ra danh sch ng c ton quc to thnh Bn trn i lp. Trn c s xut bng vn bn ca Lin minh Dn ch cuc hp tho lun ni quy hot ng ca Bn trn i lp. Khng c s thng nht gia cc ng v vn k nim ngy 153. 1/3/1990 Quc hi thng qua sa i hin php na (lut XVL nm 1990) quy nh bu c trc tip tng thng. 5/3/1990 Ti nh Quc hi i din 12 ng c a ra danh sch ng c ton quc hi m vi s tham gia ca tng thng lm thi, ch tch Quc hi, th tng v cc nh lnh o nh nc khc. 13/3/1990 Cuc hp Bn trn i lp b b, bi v ch c i din ca bn t chc c mt. 25/3/1990 Trong vng u bu c Quc h, trong s 176 khu vc bu c c nhn ch trong 5 khu vc c kt qu ng ng v s gh bu. Trong cc cuc bu c theo danh sch ng v tr th nht l Din n Dn ch (24,73%), tip n l Lin minh Dn ch T do (21,39%), ng Tiu ch c lp (11.73%), ng XHCN (10,89%). S phiu ca Lin minh Dn ch Tr l 8,95%, ca ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio l 6,64%. ng CNXHCN (3,68%), ng X hi Dn ch (3,55%), Lin minh Nng nghip (3,13%), ng cc nh Doanh nghip (1,89%), Lin minh Bu c Yu nc (1,87%) v ng nhn dn (0,75%) khng t c gi tr ngng (l 4%). 27/3/1990 Nhng ngi tham d cuc hp Bn trn i lp khng nh rng hot ng ca h duy tr n phin hp thnh lp ca Quc hi mi. 8/4/1990
160
Trong cc cuc bu c vng th hai hu nh ton b s gh c nhn ng ng. Trong cc cuc bu c Din n Dn ch c 165, Lin minh Dn ch T do c 94, ng tiu ch c lp c 44, ng XHCN c 33, Lin minh Dn ch Tr c 22 v ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio c 21 gh. 27/4/1990 Phin hp kt thc ca Bn trn i lp quyt nh v vic thu thp cc t liu ca cc cuc m phn, v lu tr chng v cc iu kin v kh nng nghin cu chng. 29/4/1990 Din n Dn ch v Lin minh Dn ch T do k tho c v cc vn php lut lin quan n s n nh ca cc nh ch dn ch v tnh c th iu hnh c ca t nc. Lnh o hai ng thng nht rng, sau khi Quc hi hp thnh lp trong thi gian ngn nht c th s thng qua d tho sa i hin php chi tit c nu trong tho c; ngoi ra tho thun v nhn s cho chc v tng thng, ch tch v ph ch tch th nht ca Quc hi. 2/5/1990 Quc hi mi hp phin thnh lp. 23/5/1990 Quc hi thng qua chng trnh ca chnh ph, vi s lnh o ca th tng Antall Jzsef hnh thnh v i vo hot ng Chnh ph lin hip gm ba ng l Din n Dn ch Hungary, ng Tiu ch c lp v ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio.
CH MC
Aczl Gyrgy, 7 dm Antal, 155 Aggod Jzsef, 24 an ninh quc gia, 50, 142 Anders Bjrck, 153 Antall Jzsef, 14, 23, 82, 83, 91, 93, 96, 101, 126, 134, 137, 145, 147, 160 Ba Lan, 4, 11 Bcskai Sndor, 23 Blint Attila, 24 Bn trn Dn tc, 2, 1, 8, 10, 16, 17, 23, 42, 73, 114, 115, 117, 132, 135, 146, 148, 151, 153 Bn trn i lp, 5, 8-13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 32, 35, 42, 48, 51, 58-61, 66, 67, 69, 72, 77, 82, 83, 85, 87-93, 98, 100, 101, 105135, 137- 160 Baranyai Tibor, 22, 23, 101 Bn m phn th Ba, 24 Bernyi Ferenc, 22, 24, 102 Bogdn Tibor, 157 Boldvai Lszl, 24 Borisz Sztukalin, 126, 132 Boross Imre, 23, 101, 134 Budzsklia Mtys, 133 Bugr Nndor, 79, 102 Cch mng t sn Hungary, 3 ci cch s hu, 30, 44, 60, 66, 128, 141 cnh tranh, 33, 39, 44, 46, 56, 57, 60, 129, 135, 144, 152 Charta 77, 5 ch Qun ch o-Hung, 3 chin dch tranh c, 100, 122, 123, 129, 142, 145, 151 chin tranh th gii ln th hai, 4, 84 chin tranh th gii ln th nht, 3, 6 Csillag Lszl, 24 Csoms Gyula, 23 Dn ch, nh ngha, 8 dn ch i din, 4, 17, 26, 32-3, 37, 48-9, 76, 86, 91, 103 dn ch i ngh, 13 dn quyn, 8, 18, 24, 34, 74, 75, 86, 94, 113 Dek Ference, 25, 31 Din n Dn ch Hungary, 5, 12, 14, 19, 21, 23, 84, 101, 103, 104, 105, 155, 160 Din n Lut gia c lp, 5, 105, 106, 156, 157, 158 Domonkos Istvn, 23 Drucker Gyrgy, 24 Duschek Lajosn, 24 a nguyn, 11, 46 a nguyn x hi ch ngha, 11 i hi XX ca CSLX, 6 m phn kinh t, 11, 60, 61, 69, 81, 115, 119, 139 ng cm quyn, 6 ng Cng nhn X hi Ch ngha, 4, 5, 7, 9-15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 26, 27, 29, 30-32, 37, 42, 45-47, 51, 54, 55, 60, 61, 65, 66, 72, 74-77, 82, 83, 87-90, 93-96, 98, 100, 101, 103-118, 120-131, 133-141, 143, 144, 146-151, 159 ng cng sn, 15 ng Cng sn Lin X, 6 ng Nhn dn Dn ch Thin cha gio, 5, 12, 14, 19, 21, 23, 101, 113, 126, 134, 138, 147, 158, 159, 160 ng Nhn dn Hungary, 6, 12, 19, 21, 23, 84, 101, 105, 125 ng Tiu ch-, Th u- v T sn c lp, 19, 21, 101 ng X hi Ch ngha, 151
161
162
ng X hi Dn ch nc Hungary, 6, 19, 22, 84, 102 c quyn, 4, 6, 9, 15, 44, 46, 49, 56, 60, 61, 68, 105, 123, 129, 131, 144, 150, 154 ng c, 11 ng thun, 9, 12, 13, 17, 19, 21, 27, 30, 38, 41, 46, 62, 63, 74, 75, 83, 84, 105, 124, 125, 131, 133, 135, 136, 140, 142, 144, 146, 149, 158 Fazekas Sndorn, 24 Fejti Gyrgy, 21, 23, 105, 108, 124, 126 Fodor Gbor, 23 Fonydi Ilona, 23 Fr Lajos, 23 Fzessy Tibor, 23, 101, 153 George Bush, 114, 120 Grsz Kroly, 7, 23, 26, 32, 114 Gyurcsny Ferenc, 22 Hajdu Attila, 24 hng thng tn MTI, 151, 154 Hardi Pter, 21, 23 Hin php, sa i, 81, 98 Hip c Varsawa, 7 Hot ng i lp, 4 Hi ng B trng, 98, 100, 127, 155, 156 Hi ng Ton quc cc Cng on, 10, 18, 19, 22, 24, 102, 106, 138 Hi ng Ton quc Ph n Hungary, 10, 18, 19, 22, 102 Hi Hu ngh Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Endre, 5, 12, 21, 101 Hi Mnnich Ferenc, 10, 18, 19, 22, 24, 102, 104, 113 Hi Nh vn, 5 hp tc x, 44, 59, 111, 124, 128, 142, 150 Horn Gyula, 117 Horvth Lajos, 73
CH MC Huszr Istvn, 24 Ispnovics Mrton, 24 Istvn Lajos, 24 Kdr Jnos, 4, 7 Kemny Csaba, 22, 24, 102 Kerekes Imre, 22 Kernyi Imre, 22, 23 Keresztes Sndor, 23 khoan dung, 36, 47, 62, 64 khng hong x hi v kinh t, 44 Kim ton Nh nc, 139, 140, 141, 143, 145, 148, 153 Kilnyi Gza, 130, 132, 155 Knya Imre, 23, 32, 35, 106, 114, 156 Knya Lszl, 23, 101 Ksn Kovcs Magda, 22, 24 Kossuth Lajos, 74, 78; cu lc b ~ 108; qung trng, 152 Kvr Lszl, 21, 23, 88, 96, 147 Kukorelli Istvn, 22, 24, 35, 41, 51, 54, 67, 114, 115, 134 Lakitelek, cc cuc gp , 5, 7 Lezsk Sndor, 5 Lin on Dn ch cc Cng on c lp, 6, 12, 19, 22, 89, 90, 138, 146, 147, 157 Lin hip La chn Cnh T, 10, 17, 19, 22, 24, 102 Lin minh Dn ch Tr, 5, 12, 14, 19, 21, 101, 105, 119, 128, 138, 143, 145-147, 149, 155, 157160 Lin minh Nhng ngi Dn ch T do, 5, 12, 19, 22, 84, 87-89, 91, 94-5, 102, 104, 105, 134, 138, 143, 145-147, 155, 157-8 Lin minh Nhng ngi Khng chin v Chng pht xt, 10, 18, 19, 22, 102 Lin minh Thanh nin Dn ch Hungary, 17, 19, 22, 24, 102 Lin X, 7, 48, 126, 132
CH MC loi tr cc gii php bo lc, 43, 118 loi tr t cch ng vin, 121, 133 Lut bo ch, 122, 134, 138, 143, 155, 157 Lut bu c, 10, 46, 53, 87, 118-20, 124, 130, 134, 142-3, 146, 149 Lut ng, 30, 38, 52, 67, 121, 130, 134, 137, 145, 146 Lut hnh s, sa i, 43, 50, 87, 98, 116, 118, 120, 125, 129, 135, 149 Lut t tng hnh s, 43, 50, 87, 98, 116, 118, 120, 125, 130, 135, 138, 146, 149 Lc lng t v cng nhn, 12, 13, 34, 50, 87, 88, 89, 96, 100, 123, 132, 143, 145, 147, 148, 151, 152, 156 Mark Palmer, 114, 116 Mrton Jnos, 23 Mt trn Thng Ba Mi, 7, 103, 106 Mt trn T quc, 10, 17, 19, 22, 24, 102, 106, 110, 112, 113 Mcs Imre, 23 Medgyessy Pter, 111, 112, 126, 144 Monor, cuc gp g, 5 Morvay Lszl, 23 Nagy Imre (cu Th tng, lit s), 6, 24, 25, 42, 114 Nagy Imre (bn th ba), 70, 71, 79, 83, 92, 102 Nmeth Mikls, 7, 109, 116 Nn cng ho th ba, 13, 14 ngn sch, 21, 44, 57, 59, 62, 100, 117, 123, 127, 143, 148, 153 nh nc php quyn, 8, 17, 27, 29, 37, 38, 46, 47, 48, 52, 55, 74, 75, 76, 77, 98, 99, 141
163
ombudsman, nh ch ngi bo h quyn cng dn, 96, 118, 120, 131, 134, 146, 148 Orbn Viktor, 23 Pallagi Ferenc, 142 Pozsgay Imre, 5, 7, 13, 23, 45, 48, 51, 65, 67, 82, 93, 96, 101, 115, 116, 126, 132, 134, 138, 144, 146, 151 Prepeliczay Istvn, 23, 101 Qu dn ch, 9, 15, 18, 25, 88 Qu ho bnh, 11, 13, 26, 30, 323, 40, 48, 54-5, 58-9, 73-75, 7881, 85, 87, 89, 95, 96, 98- 101 Qu , thi k, 14, 85, 94, 95, 99, 118, 119, 120, 121, 125, 129, 147 quy tc o c, 53, 100, 118, 140, 156, 157, 158 quyn bu c, 3, 4, 11, 30, 43, 85, 87, 92 Rabi Bla, 24 Radio Hungary, 133, 148, 151 Rkosi Mtys, 4, 6 Rvsz Andrs, 23 Srkzi Sndor, 24, 102 Solt Pl, 154, 155 Slyom Lszl, 21, 107, 153, 155 Sosn Dobos Mria, 22, 24 Stalin, 6 Szabad Gyrgy, 23, 48, 51, 53, 65, 67, 69, 71, 77, 80, 91, 101, 115, 145, 158 Szakolczai Gyrgy, 21, 23 Szchy Andrs, 24 Szrs Mtys, 14, 23, 24, 32, 35, 41, 42, 48, 49, 51, 54, 58, 61, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71, 73, 114, 115, 116, 152, 157 Tip Khc, 5, 48
164
tnh cng khai, 54, 94, 100, 107, 114, 117, 119, 121, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 135, 136, 150, 154 tnh v t, 122, 129 Tiszatj, vic ng ca t bo, 5 To n Hin php, 10, 11, 13, 30, 43, 49, 52, 67, 81, 89, 95, 98, 107, 117, 122, 127, 130, 134, 140, 141, 145, 146, 152, 153 Tlgyessy Pter, 22, 77, 82, 83, 86, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 96, 107, 147 tng thng nc cng ho, 10, 12, 30, 40, 43, 46, 49, 52, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 93, 100, 102, 116, 137
CH MC Tth Andrs, 106 Trng cu dn , 12, 13, 88, 94, 131, 147, 148, 149, 153, 155, 156 Truyn hnh Hungary, 13, 26, 112, 120, 138, 141, 147, 151, 155 Trs Andrs, 142 Varga Csaba, 21, 23, 101, 128 Varjas Andrs, 24 Vigh Kroly, 24, 101, 157, 158 Ztnyi Zsolt, 21, 24, 101 Zlinszky Jnos, 153, 155
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MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

Bin son: Nguyn Quang A H Ni 2005

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

Tho thun v bt u cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc 10-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

THO THUN 10-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

THO THUN 10-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

24 Vigh Kroly Ztnyi Zsolt

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN KHAI MC TON TH 13-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN KHAI MC TON TH 13-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN KHAI MC TON TH 13-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN KHAI MC TON TH 13-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN KHAI MC TON TH 13-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN KHAI MC TON TH 13-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN KHAI MC TON TH 13-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN KHAI MC TON TH 13-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN KHAI MC TON TH 13-6-1989

Hi ngh ton th cc cuc m phn Bn trn Dn tc 21/6/1989 (Bin bn)

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989

MT NM HI NGH DIN HNG HUNGARY

PHIN TON TH 21-6-1989