See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: [Link]

net/publication/266144244

Project Report: Development of a Systematic Garden at JNTBGRI

Technical Report · December 2013

CITATIONS READS

0 7,193

3 authors, including:

Santhosh Kumar E.S.

Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute
216 PUBLICATIONS 538 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Santhosh Kumar E.S. on 20 December 2015.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Development of a Systematic
Garden of Herbals
Project Report
2006-2013

E.S. Santhosh Kumar

M. Abdul Jabbar
P.E. Roy

Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden

and Research Institute, Palode,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work was started in 2006 as an in-house programme of JNTBGRI,

then, was intentional to prepare a small systematic garden with plant
displays in pots. While the work was in progress, we understood the
potential and germaneness of a systematic garden for the biological
students for south India. In this exertion, many have facilitated us and
a few among them need special mention: Dr G.M. Nair (former
Director, JNTBGRI) encouraged us by sanctioning the programme, Drs
S Ganeshan and A. Subramoniam (former Directors, JNTBGRI) have
extended all possible help; Dr P G Latha, the present Director,
JNTBGRI for her keen interest and other facilities and to Dr P J
Mathew, HOD, PGR Division for the moral support and other
guidelines.

Dr C Sathish Kumar, Scientist, JNTBGRI and Dr M Sanjappa, former

Director, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata have helped us in
providing several useful guidelines. Drs A G Pandurangan, T S Nayar,
K C Koshy, N. Mohanan, A.E. Shanavas Khan, Mathew Dan, Sam P
Mathew, K Sathish Kumar, Mohan Das, Raj Vikraman, C Anil Kumar, K
Radhakrishnan, T. Shaju, scientists of JNTBGRI for their honorable
supports.

Dr Raju Antony, Mr. S M Shareef, Mrs M P Geethakumary, Mr Ullas A,

Mr Ajayakumar, Mr Sudarsana Kurup, Mr K Asoka Kumar, Mr G
Viswambaran , JNTBGRI for their various helps during the period.

2|Page
INTRODUCTION

Taxonomy is the scientific discipline that identifies, describes and

classifies the diversity of life. It is not only produces fascinating
knowledge on the characteristics of life, above all it delivers basic and
indispensable knowledge for many fields of human interest and
contributes in many ways to the sustainability of our planet. It helps
us pollinate our trees, manage pests, improve human, animal and
plant health, facilitate trade, respond to climate change, conserve our
environment, and more. From our earliest time as a species,
knowledge on the life surrounding us was essential for our survival.
We needed to discover and name the plants we could eat, identify the
poisonous ones, and distinguish the harmful animals from those we
benefit from. Today, we still depend on our knowledge on the living
world around us.

The origins of taxonomy lie in the 18th century when Linnaeus

developed his famous naming system, the binomial nomenclature. His
students and their successors have devoted lifetimes to this interesting
subject. This discipline has through the centuries evolved into a
mature and stimulating science that not only allows storage and
retrieval of information, but also hypothesis-driven reasoning on
biodiversity issues such as neo-extinctions, conservation, alien
invasive species and biosafety.

In spite of its 250 years of taxonomic classification and over 1.2

million species already catalogued in a central database, some 86% of
existing species on earth still await description. According to the recent
estimate of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), there are
more than approximately 20000-30000 people with taxonomic

3|Page
qualification worldwide (including of all disciplines of Biological and Life
Sciences), of which between 5000-7000 are only professionals .
In fact, taxonomists are often perceived as specialists pursuing
eccentric interests relevant only to natural history museums and
universities. Some ask: is this a science that is needed in the 21st
century? We say it is. Taxonomy does matter. It is very relevant to
today’s challenges.

What causes Taxonomic impediment?

Taxonomy is the pivotal but hidden service behind sectors

ranging from conserving and managing biodiversity to food security,
poverty reduction, health, bio‐security, new industrial product
development, and eco‐tourism. Taxonomy and the work of
taxonomists should not be underestimated. Its impacts on society are
often beneficial, sometimes in unpredictable ways. Taxonomists
discover, describe and document biodiversity through undertaking
inventories. No country can support expert on every taxon in the
world, and no natural history museum can house collections of all
Earth’s biodiversity. We need trained taxonomists identify the known
organisms we are dealing with in our daily life and describe, classify
and name the unknown ones – and collectively discover on average 50
living species each day!

This taxonomic impediment roughly plays at two levels. The

practicing taxonomists and curators in developed countries, where
historically the bulk of taxonomic collections, infrastructure and know-
how have accumulated, currently suffer to a lesser or greater extent
from a lack of prestige and funds. The same time the practicing
taxonomists and curators in developing countries, where more often
than not the bulk of biodiversity is located, are crippled by a lack of
human, infrastructural and financial resources. The lack of dedicated
teachers, infrastructure facilities, limited number of job opportunities,

4|Page
etc refrain the younger generation to come forward to study this
subject.

Mysteriously however, taxonomy - as the mother of all biological

sciences has lost quite a bit of the cutting edge splendidness it
previously lodged during the last century. The cause of this
catastrophic state is not easy to trace, but can be endorsed to a fund-
and brain drain to other more experimental, less-comparative,
disciplines such as cytology, genetics, biochemistry, physiology and
ecology, etc in the first half of the twentieth century. However, with
the current realization that large scale-habitat destruction and
overexploitation of natural resources result in unprecedented rates of
species-extinctions and co-occurring alterations in functioning and
redundancy of ecosystems, the need for sound taxonomic research is
acknowledged by virtually all conservationists. Yet, in the 21st century
the so-called taxonomic impediment, i.e. the lack of taxonomic
(inclusive of genetic) information, taxonomic and curatorial expertise
and infrastructure in many parts of the world, has become the
‘Damocles Sword’ above the heads of conservationists and policy
makers.

The Efforts to Revive Taxonomy

The Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Convention on

Biological Diversity (CBD) has endorsed a Global Taxonomic Initiative
(GTI) to improve taxonomic knowledge and capacity to further needs
and activities for the conservation, sustainable use and equitable
sharing of the benefits of biodiversity. Similarly, the BioNet
International, UK also published a series of case studies-‘Why
Taxonomy Matters- that illustrate the social and economic impacts of
taxonomy across many sectors and the critical role of taxonomy in
preventing, controlling and mitigating the impact of invasive alien

5|Page
species through a series of training courses and other sort of popular
mechanism for dissemination and exchange of information.

To effectively manage the biodiversity of India, we must fully

understand it. Despite the efforts of Botanical survey of India,
Universities, Botanic Gardens, Research institutions, etc for
cataloguing the biological wealth of India, most of the treasure trove of
the country still remains unexplored. More resource personnel are
required for cataloguing the biological resources of the country. Much
of the research that has already been done in the area has relied upon
international expertise in the past, but we strongly believe that
developing local expertise in the fields of biodiversity science and
taxonomy is a top priority. In this backdrop, JNTBGRI has decided to
set up a Systematic Garden targeting the budding taxonomist of the
Indian subcontinent.

Systematic garden at JNTBGRI embraces different components

like Phytography Beds, Plant family beds, Endemic and Threatened
Plants conservatory, Botanical museum, etc. This makes the garden
unique from rest of the systematic gardens of the world. This will act
as a learning centre cum finishing school for taxonomic education for
the botany students and budding taxonomists.

6|Page
 DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEMATIC GARDEN OF
HERBALS (P-138)

The notion of establishing a Systematic Garden at JNTBGRI was

born from a coffee table discussion in 1995. It has been under many
informal discussions, structured and unstructured interview with many
stalwarts in botanical arenas over a decade. In 2005, the then Director
of JNTBGRI, Prof. (Dr.) G M Nair has kindly agreed the idea and
sanctioned an in-house project entitled “Development of a Systematic
Garden of Herbals”. The Plant Genetic Resources Division of the
institute has been permitted to launch the programme and to develop
a systematic garden for the biological students and amateur botanists
of the country.

Systematic Garden is a living tool to create fondness to nature

among all generations. However, it is primarily developed to guide
university students in Biology in identifying plants in the field and give
them an overall idea of the relationships between the different families
as well as the evolutionary development in the flowering plants. It will
be a piece of botanical enclave caters to the need of thousands of
botany students, environmentalists, naturalists, etc from all over India
and imparts taxonomy education, particularly learn about plants and
its uses, its affinities and phylogenetic relationships.

This ‘botanical buffet’ combines aesthetic elegance with

educational excellence, covering an area of 2 acres of land with many
taxonomically important taxa. Students of botany may love to spend
more time in this garden and will be easily attracted by the live
specimens with typical morphological characters to identify either a
family, a genus or a species. The display boards with various ‘key
notes’ distributed among the live collections will enable students and
others to identify characters and that will definitely lead them to
7|Page
understand more on taxonomy and plants. It is envisaged to include
120 angiosperm families coming in the curriculum of taxonomic
education in the Indian universities. The systematic beds or ‘plant
family beds’ are the place where plants of a family are arranged
according to their relationships with each other. This creates a feature
that is both attractive and informative, allowing students of botany to
gain an understanding of plant relationships and garden visitors to see
a wide range of plant forms in one location.

Bentham and Hooker’s system of plant classification is followed

here. This is one of the most convenient and easy to digest natural
system of classifications. Most of the botanic gardens around the
World have been switched over to the phylogenetic system of
classification replacing the traditional natural system of classification
for keeping their biological resources. Reviving Bentham and Hooker’s
natural system of classification by examining the similarities and
differences of its natural congeners will be an-easy-to-learn process in
taxonomy learning.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

• To foster youngsters into Taxonomy
• To develop an education garden for all botanists and students
• To develop a modern live tool for taxonomy education
• To develop and establish scientifically categorized live plants
• To cultivate the value of plant genetic resources in the younger
generations
• To conserve taxonomically important plants

PLANT EXPLORATIONS

Plant exploration for the collection and introduction of live plants for
ex-situ conservation are one of the imperative activities on the setting
up of the systematic garden. As the wilderness and rainforest
8|Page
habitats are ruthlessly eradicated in the recent years owing to several
natural as well as anthropogenic activities, plants and its diversity are
on the wane, and the role of the plant hunters becomes more perilous
owing to regulatory constrictions from the forest managers. Even

9|Page
though, legal regulations to protect biological diversity are one of the
mandates of the signatory parties of CBD, cataloguing of biodiversity is

another important aspect of any country to develop strategies for

conservation. Plant collection from protected areas, particularly from
Biospehre Reserves, National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries have been
10 | P a g e
restricted or not even allowed in many instances. In spite of all these
limitations, 27 plant exploration trips ranging from 1-7 days of
durations were conducted to the different ecological niches of the
Western Ghats, particularly to Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka
during the report period. A total of 1683 accession of 869 species
were introduced to JNTBGRI, of these 828 species ( Appendix- 1)
belongs to 120 families were survived and planted in the systematic
garden. We also introduced a few saplings of
economically/conservationally important species from other
sections/units of the institute to reducing the pressure on its natural
habitats.

PLANT NURSERY

Nursery care for plants is highly labor-intensive and requires

observation, judgment and manual dexterity. However, these can be
minimized by the implementation of quite an expensive automated
system; however, it is practically impossible for such a small project.
A low cost plant propagation chamber cum hardening Centre
constructed with the financial support from the Foundation for
Revitalization of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), Bangalore, during
1994 has been used for rearing seedling/saplings for the systematic
garden. This facility was renovated using the funds allocated for the
purpose from the present project and has become an asset for the
division’s future endeavor. The automated irrigation facility with sprays
helped to acclimatize the introduced plants as well as the multiplication
of many Rare and threatened species at JNTBGRI. However the
success rate can be augmented if provided with a highly sophisticated
plant nursery-cum-fog house for rearing niche specific species of the
high altitude mountains of the Western Ghats.

11 | P a g e
 Plant germplasm such as seeds, seedlings/plantlets and other
propagules were collected during the plant exploration mission was
introduced into the plant nursery with extreme care. All the collected
species/varieties were properly labeled from the field itself and
12 | P a g e
Passport data for each taxon has been recorded for future use. The
endangered and endemic species were given more consideration
because of its special status in conservation point of view. Bare
minimum numbers of saplings were collected from the field so as to
ensure its further survival in its habitats. Collected saplings were
multiplied through the conventional propagation methods for stock as
well as for planting in the field. Threatened species such as:
Acranthera anamallica, Acrotrema agastymalayanum, Begonia albo-
coccinea, B. dipetala var hydrophila, Henckelia meeboldii, Jerdonia
indica, Miquelia dentata, Ophiorrhiza rosea, O. nutans, O. brunonis var
brunonis, O. barnesii, O. radicans, Piper sarmentosum, Strobilanthes
anamallica, S. dupeni, S. pushpangadanii, S. barbatus var
bonaccordensis, etc. were propagated in large numbers and several
endemic and rare species were also distributed to different R & D
organizations such as Indian Botanic Garden, Kolkata; Botanic Gardens
of Indian Republic, Noida; University departments to ensure its
effective conservation.

PHYTOGRAPHY BEDS

The phytography beds are indented to depicting the science of

plant description or descriptive botany with live examples of plants
with appropriate education boards. Different plant morphological
characters such as leaf shapes, type of leaves, inflorescence types,
morphological adaptations, inflorescence types, etc were vividly
described with living plants. Students can chat with these plants and
be able to cram by themselves without mediators. Sadly, the standard
of taxonomic teaching and research are fading slowly from the
curriculum of botany owing to brain and fund drain. We at no time

13 | P a g e
ponder this an alternative for class room teaching, however, for those

14 | P a g e
students who wants to study plant taxonomy seriously can rely on this
‘living text book’ to boost up their knowledge.

ENDEMIC AND THREATENED PLANTS CONSERVATORY

The Endemic and Threatened Plants conservatory helps the

students for familiarizing imperiled plants in each family. Some niche

15 | P a g e
specific species requires special care, as it never thrives well in open
field owing to the punitive climatic circumstances. Collections of such
imperiled species are mainly restricted through legislation by the
government to protect them from extinction. The conservation of
endemic and threatened plants of any country is a legal responsibility
of that country. Considering all these facts, we have created a plant
conservatory with over 241 species (Appendix-2) for the familiarization
of imperiled species of the country. The construction cost of the
conservatory was partly (30%) from the financial assistance of the
institute and the rest (70%) from our personal dividends. Students
and other researcher can make use of these collections for their
research purpose. So our budding botanists can observe and sample a
great diversity of plants in one place. This saves the costs of
organizing extensive field trips which may or may not be successful.
These hold unique collections of species or variants which may
sometimes are inaccessible to many researchers due to political or
regulatory constraints.

SYSTEMATIC BEDS OR FAMILY BEDS

Systematic beds or plant family beds are the chunk of the

systematic garden. This creates a feature that is both attractive and
informative, allowing students of botany to gain an understanding of
plant relationships and garden visitors to see a wide range of plant
forms in one location. It consists of 120 plant families mentioned in
the Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification coming under the
curriculum of botany taught by the Indian universities. It start with

16 | P a g e
Polypetalae followed by gamopetalae, monochlamydeae,

17 | P a g e
Gymnosperms and Monocots. A circuitous walk trail constructed and

the plants belong to different families were planted on either side of

the path so as to understand the students about the relatioships
between each families, genera and species. It starts with the primitive
18 | P a g e
family Ranunculaceae and ends up with Graminae or Poaceae. Water
plants such as Nymphea and similar other taxa are conserving in
specially designed planters. Different biotops were also constructed

19 | P a g e
wherever possible to beautify the systematic garden more attractive

20 | P a g e
21 | P a g e
and informative. 82 plant families mentioned in Bentham and Hooker’s
system of plant classification were represented only by family boards
to provide awareness about its placement in the classification.
Consideration were provided to accommodate maximum
representation from each family and wherever possible to epitomizing
exceptional plants in respective [Link] over the living collection
represents mostly by the wild species rather than the cultivated
ornamentals which we believed to be helpful to the students in
getting more sentience about our natural flora. The plants are now
maturing and acclimatizing to its new ex-situ territory waiting for its
new visitors to talk about its untold stories.

Display Boards/ Educational Boards

Identification of species and preparation of educational labels are

other important traits of the systematic garden. Collection of
literature, searching of protologues and type specimens from different
herbaria and libraries are strenuous and time consuming. However,
extreme care has given on the process of plant identification and
nomenclature of all the collected plants during the mission. All the
plants planted in the field are providing with permanent labels/display
boards with detailed information on each taxon on their taxonomic
identity and relationships. The fund ear-marked for plant labels were
not enough to provide display board to each species, however, our
initiative through personal contribution helped us to complete the
labeling task about 90% success.

22 | P a g e
 The main Display Board

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE STUDY

During the report period, several field exploration trips were conducted
to the different hotspot regions of south India. This resulted the finding
of the following novelties to the botanical science. The important
highlights of the study are :

Botanical Novelties

Species such as Acrotrema agastyamalayanum (Dilleniaceae),

Eugenia terpnophylla var keralensis (Myrtaceae), Goniothalamus
keralensis (Annonaceae), Jasminum agasthyamalayanum (Oleaceae),
Phyllocephalum rangacharii var agathyamalayanum (Asteraceae),
Syzygium palodense, Syzygium chemunjianum (Myrtaceae),
Memecylon ponmudianum (Melastomataceae), Clausena
agastyamalayanum (Rutaceae), Lasianthus idukkiana (Rubiaceae) etc
are described as new to science. Saplings of all described novelties are
conserving at the field gene bank at JNTBGRI.

23 | P a g e
 Acrotrema agastyamalayanum E S S Kumar & al.

24 | P a g e
 Acrotrema agastyamalayanum [Link], Dan & G.M. Nair
is a perennial scapigerous herbs usually seen in the evergreen and
montane forests of Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve (ABR). It is
closely allied to A. arnottianum Wight, but differs by the non-
stoloniferous habit, leaves densely pilose with more number of lateral
nerves, flowers in sub sessile or shortly peduncled racemes and a
fewer number of stamens. Moreover it is remarkably distinguished by
the greenish young foliage and non-variegated mature leaves whereas
in A. arnottianum young foliage is brownish-red which are slightly
variegated on either side of the midrib at maturity.

25 | P a g e
Eugenia terpnophylla var. keralensis S.M. Shareef, [Link] &
P.E. Roy is a large shrubs or a medium sized tree upto 6 m tall grows
as a third storey in the evergreen forests at altitudes between 1000-

26 | P a g e
1100 m. This new taxon is differing from var. terpnophylla by having
narrowly or broadly elliptic leaves with a higher number of lateral
nerves, sub-orbicular petals and ellipsoidal fruits. This has been
reported from Moozhiyar of Pathanamthitta district in Kerala.

Goniothalamus keralensis [Link], Shaju, P.E. Roy &

Rajkumar., is similar to G. wightii Hook. f. & Thomson, but differs
from it by the much longer leaves with acuminate or caudate-
acuminate apex. The sepals are shorter and deciduous in fruits. The
anthers with convex and glabrous connective. The number of carpels

27 | P a g e
are fewer (4-8) and the ovary with very short or indistinct style and
funnel shaped stigma are the unique characteristic to this species.
Seeds are consistently two in each fruits. The pleasant fruity smell of
the ripe carpels is a very discernible character to locate this species in
the field. It has been reported from Idukki district in Kerala.

Jasminum agastyamalayanum Sabeena, Asmitha, Mulani,

[Link] & Sibin is a climbing shrub described from the
Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve in Kerala. It is similar to J. flexile and
J. calophyllum , but clearly be distinguished from these species by the
28 | P a g e
ovate-elliptic leaves, short axillary cymes with a fewer number of
flowers, more or less stout corolla tube etc. Further it is distinct by
the more or less similar terminal and lateral leaflets which is quite
unusual from most of its sister species. It has been described.

Phyllocephalum rangacharii Gamble var.

agasthyamalayanum Geethakumary, [Link] & Pandurangan is
a herbaceous plant belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is differing
from var. rangacharii by its slender habit, smaller leaves with sharply
acuminate apex, capitula 1-3 on short and slender peduncles, ovary

29 | P a g e
without or rarely with only one pappus and the achenes cylindrical
without pappus.

Syzygium palodense S.M. Shareef, E.S.S,Kumar & T. Shaju is

a tree species belongs to the family Myrtaceae. It is similar to S.
rubicundum and S. densiflorum, but differs from the former by the
slightly winged branchlets, sub-opposite or alternate coriaceous
leaves, crimson-red young leaves, elliptic to elliptic–oblong lamina with
obliquely cuneate base, thick and robust shorter petiole, creamy-white
30 | P a g e
sessile flowers, campanulate calyx, orbicular to suborbicular petals and
subglobose fruits, and from the latter by the winged pale brown
branchlets, sub-opposite or alternate coriaceous leaves, elliptic to
elliptic–oblong lamina with caudate–acuminate apex and obliquely
cuneate base, shorter petioles, subterminal inflorescence, campanulate
calyx with deltoid to suborbicular lobes, calyptrate petals and
subglobose to obovoid fruits. It is also similar to S. nervosum Candolle
but differs from it by the slightly winged quadrangular branchlets, sub-
opposite or alternate coriaceous leaves, many lateral nerves, thick and
robust shorter petiole, terminal and subterminal inflorescence with
quadrangular peduncle and branches, campanulate calyx with
persistent calyx lobes, orbicular to suborbicular and subglobose to
obovoid fruits.

Syzygium chemunjianum S.M. Shareef, [Link] & P.E.

Roy is similar to S. tamilnadensis, but is distinguished by the shrubby
to small tree habit, smooth and greyish-white bark with dark reddish
brown blaze, light orange red young leaves and strictly obovate to
narrowly obovate leaves with tapering bases and obtuse apices. The
number of intramarginal nerves and lateral nerves in their leaves,
position of inflorescence, turbinate calyx, and shape, colour and size of
fruits and size of seeds distinguish the new species from the latter.
The new species has 1-tiered intra-marginal nerve and ca. 32 pairs of
lateral nerves which are very close to each other and are faint on the
adaxial side and prominent on the abaxial surfaces. To date
[Link] is known only from themontane evergreen forests of
Pongalappara, the Chemunji hills and Pandipath of the Agasthyamala
Biosphere Reserve in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala at an
elevation between 1100–1430 m. The species also occurs along
streams and marshes in lower elevation montane evergreen forests.

31 | P a g e
32 | P a g e
 Clausena agasthyamalayana E.S.S. Kumar, S.M. Shareef &
P.E. Roy is a shrubby species belongs to the family Rutaceae. It has
been collected from the montane slopes of Agasthyamala. It is similar
to C. indica but differs by the dwarf habit, greenish-black coloured
bark, smaller and fewer leaflets, obovate and coriaceous leaves with
obtuse or emarginate apex, elliptic-obtuse petals, oblong-cordate

33 | P a g e
anthers, consistently 4-locular ovary with 2 collateral ovules in each
chamber and the ellipsoid fruits.

Memecylon ponmudianum resembles M. terminale and M.

subramanii but differs from the former by its larger and sessile leaves
with cordate and amplexicaul leaf bases, robust and shortly peduncled

34 | P a g e
inflorescences, distinctly shorter pedicels than the campanulate calyx,
and from the latter by the terete stem and branchlets, smaller
subsessile and amplexicaul leaves, terminal short peduncled umbels
with terete peduncle and the, pedicels distinctly shorter than calyx.

Lasianthus idukkiana E.S.S. Kumar & al. is similar to L.

parvifolius and L. acuminatus, but quite distinct from these by the
elliptic leaves, well developed bracts on the inflorescence, 5-toothed
calyx lobes, consistently 2-celled ovary, and the obovoid fruits etc. It
35 | P a g e
has been collected from Pambadumpara forests of Idukki district in
Kerala state.

Rediscoveries

Several endemic and threatened species listed in the IUCN Red

List of Threatened Species ([Link]) was collected during
the trips and out of them, a few are being collected after a long gaps
from its original discovery. Species such as Begonia arnottiana
(Begoniaceae), Eugenia argentea, E. gracilis (Myrtaceae), Impatiens
disotis (Balsaminaceae), Maesa velutina (Myrsinaceae), Ophiorrhiza
barnesii, O. radicans, O. incarnata, O. munnarensis, O. brunonis var
brunonis, O. brunonis var johnsoni, O. falcata (Rubiaceae), Osbeckia
arnottiana (Melastomataceae), Rhynchospora submarginata
(Cyperaceae), Sonerila devicolamensis, S. barnesii (Melastomataceae),
Colubrina travancorica (Hippocrateaceae) etc were rediscovered during
the period.

New Distributional Records

Acrotrema uniflorum var uniflorum (Dilleniaceae), Begonia

tenera (Begoniaceae), Cinnamomum dubium, C. litsaefolium, C. alexei
(Lauraceae), Memecylon clarkeanum (Melastomatacae), etc were
reported for the first time from India.

Jasminum caudatum (Oleaceae) and Syzygium claviflorum

(Myrtaceae) have been recorded for the first time from south India.

Begonia dipetala (Begoniaceae), Pittosporum viridulum

(Pittosporaceae), Syzygium fergusoni (Myrtaceae), Didymocarpus
gambleanus (Gesneriaceae), Salacia brunoniana (Hippocrateaceae) etc
were reported for the first time from Kerala.

36 | P a g e
 Hydnocarpus macrocarpus (Flacourtiaceae), Thottea ponmudiana
(Aristolochiaceae), Garcinia imbertii (Clusiaceae), etc were reported
for the first time from Tamil Nadu.

Special collection of Plants

Special collection of plants such as Strobilanthes (25 spp.),

Henckelia [=Didymocarpus] (7 spp.), Ophiorrhiza (13 spp.), Thottea
(11 spp.), Begonia (9 spp.), Cinnamomum (7 spp.), Justicia (8 spp.),
Acrotrema (3 spp.), [Link] another attraction of the systematic
garden. These collections received many appreciations not only from
the students and academicians but also from other dignitary of the
plant sciences. Safeguarding of such a hefty collection is a staggering
task which need financial and man power supports to be perpetuated
its effective conservation.

The living collections are at the very core of the systematic

garden’s mission intentionally designed to serve research,
conservation and educational needs. They are the botanical equavelent
of the masterpieces displayed in museum of art, but involving the
same level of curation and care. Sadly, very few funding agencies are
now sponsoring for fundamental taxonomic research in India and
hardly any financial allocations for its upkeep and maintenance. If this
situation is prevailing, plant taxonomy will be a dying art within a few
years. Establishment of satellite systematic gardens at different
locations in India will be the best solution to help the dying subject for
posterity.

37 | P a g e
Data Bank

Taxonomy is a subjective topic need a lot of data such as

protologues, digital images of type specimens, photographs of
specimens and living plants for its effective understanding. Since most
of the living collections are from the native flora, their flowering and
fruiting periods are limited to certain period of time in a year.
Preservation of plants in its generative stages either in the form of
herbarium specimens or in spirit will be a great help to the students
for the identification of the family/genus/species. Ancient classical
literature in botanical sciences, protologues, digital images of the type
specimens, photographs of the plants etc are being stored in the
databank of the systematic garden. This will be another highlights of
the project.
Conclusion

Establishment of a systematic garden at JNTBGRI is a grand success.

Despite the very many impediments on the course its planning and
development, all the obstacles are being removed by the spirit of team
work and timely help from the management as well as the colleagues
and friends at JNTBGRI. It will be a piece of botanical enclave for the
passionate students of Plant Taxonomy, a learning centre for the
naturalists and environmentalists and a refreshing centre for other
visitors. It is a need to construct a mist/fog house for a high-elevation
rainforest community intended not only to preserve difficult-to-grow
and rare plants, but to make available samples of these specimens for
future scientific, conservation and education purpose. It is a one-of-a-
kind exhibition and a home to plants found only at extremely high
elevation locations.

38 | P a g e
39 | P a g e
 Appendix -1
LIST OF PLANTS AT SYSTEMATIC GARDEN
(Family in Alphabetical order)

Sl .No. Botanical Name Family Malayalam

Name
1. Adhatoda beddomei [Link] Acanthaceae Chittadalotakam
[=Justicia beddomei ([Link])
Bennet ]
2. Adhatoda zeylanica Medikus Acanthaceae Adalotakam
[=Adhatoda vasica Nees]
3. Andrographis atropurpurea (Dennst.) Acanthaceae
Alston ex Mabb. [=Justicia
atropurpurea Dennst.]
4. Andrographis macrobotrys Nees Acanthaceae Uppali
5. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Acanthaceae Kiriyath
Wall. ex Nees [=Justicia paniculata
Burm.f.]
6. Asystasia chelanoides var. Acanthaceae Murikootipacha
quandrangularis [Link]
7. Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. And. Acanthaceae Upliyam
[=Justicia gangetica L.]
8. Barleria buxifolia L. Acanthaceae Karivettila
9. Barleria courtallica Nees Acanthaceae Venkurinji
10. Barleria involucrata Nees var. Acanthaceae
involucrata
11. Barleria involucrata Nees var. elata Acanthaceae
(Dalzel) C.B. Clarke
12. Blepharis maderapatensis (L.) Heyne Acanthaceae Hemakandi
ex Roth [=Blepharis boerhaviaefolia
Pers.]
13. Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq.) Nees Acanthaceae Upputhali
[=Ruellia patula Jacq.]
14. Dipteracanthus prostratus (Poir.) Acanthaceae Upputhali
Nees [=Ruellia prostrata Poiret]
15. Ecbolium ligustrinum (Vahl) Acanthaceae Karimkurinji
Vollesen[=Justicia ligustrina Vahl]
16. Gymnostachyum febrifugum Benth. Acanthaceae Nilamuchaala
17. Hemigraphis colorata (Bl.) H.G. Acanthaceae Murikooti
Hallier
18. Justicia betonica L. var. betonica Acanthaceae Paduthamara
19. Justicia betonica L. var. ramosissima Acanthaceae Velutha
(Nees) [Link] [=Adhatoda kakkakodi
ramosissima Nees]
20. Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. Acanthaceae Vathamkolli
[=Gendarussa vulgaris Nees ]
21. Justicia gingiana Sebastine & Ramam Acanthaceae
22. Justicia montana (Nees)Wallich ex Acanthaceae

40 | P a g e
 [Link]
23. Justicia plumbaginifolia J. Jacq. Acanthaceae Vishappacha
[=Beloperone plumbaginifolia Nees]
24. Justicia santapaui Bennet [=Justicia Acanthaceae Kattukarinkurinji
montana (Nees) Wall.]
25. Leptostachya wallichii Nees Acanthaceae
26. Peristrophe montana Nees Acanthaceae
27. Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet Acanthaceae
[=Ruellia imbricate Forsskal ]
28. Pseuderanthemum malabaricum (C.B. Acanthaceae
Clarke) Gamble
29. Rhinacanthus nasuta (L.) Kurz Acanthaceae Puzhukolli
[=Justicia nasuta L.]
30. Ruellia tuberosa L. Acanthaceae Velipadakkam
31. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees [=Justicia Acanthaceae
pectinata L.]
32. Stenosiphonium setosum T. And. Acanthaceae
33. Strobilanthes homotropus Nees Acanthaceae
34. Strobilanthes anceps Nees Acanthaceae
35. Strobilanthes aurita J R I Wood Acanthaceae
36. Strobilanthes foliosus (Wight) [Link]. Acanthaceae
37. Strobilanthes consanguineous (Nees) Acanthaceae
[Link].
38. Strobilanthes decurrens Nees Acanthaceae
39. Strobilanthes cuspidatus (Benth.) Acanthaceae
[Link].
40. Strobilanthes gracilis Bedd. Acanthaceae
41. Strobilanthes heyneanus Nees Acanthaceae
42. Strobilanthes luridus Wight Acanthaceae
43. Strobilanthes neilgherrensis Bedd. Acanthaceae
44. Strobilanthes zenkerianus (Nees) T. Acanthaceae
And.
45. Strobilanthes anamallaica J. R. I. Acanthaceae
Wood
46. Strobilanthes barbatus Nees Acanthaceae
[=Nilgirianthus barbatus (Nees)
Bremek.]
47. Strobilanthes barbatus var. Acanthaceae
bonaccordensis Santhosh & Raj Vik.
48. Strobilanthes ciliatus Nees Acanthaceae Vella Kurinji
[=Nilgirianthus ciliatus (Nees)
Bremek.]
49. Strobilanthes dupeni Bedd. Acanthaceae
[=Kanjaram palghatense Ramam.]
50. Strobilanthes gamblei Carine, Acanthaceae
[Link] & Scotland
51. Strobilanthes glandulosa (T. Acanthaceae
Anderson) Kurz
52. Strobilanthes hamiltoniana Steud. Acanthaceae

41 | P a g e
 53. Strobilanthes kunthianus [Link]. Acanthaceae
54. Strobilanthes lawsonii Gamble Acanthaceae
55. Strobilanthes lupulina Nees Acanthaceae
[=Strobilanthes asperrima Nees]
56. Strobilanthes pushpangadanii Acanthaceae
Santhosh & al.
57. Strobilanthes rubicundus (Nees) T. Acanthaceae
And.
58. Strobilanthus heyneanus Nees Acanthaceae Karimkuinj
59. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Acanthaceae
60. Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. Acanthaceae
61. Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. Acanthaceae
62. Thunbergia mysorensis (Wight) Acanthaceae
[Link]. [=Hexacentris mysorensis
Wight]
63. Agave americana L. [=Agave cantala Agavaceae Aanakaitha
Roxb.]
64. Agave angustifolia Haw. Agavaceae
65. Thottea dalzellii (Hook.f.) Karthik. & Aristolochiaceae
Moorthy
66. Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang. Alangiaceae Irinjil
ssp. sundanum (Miq.) Bloem.
[=Alangium sudanum Miq.]
67. Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wang. Alangiaceae Ankolam
ssp. salviifolium [=Grewia salvifolia
L.f.]
68. Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Kadaladi
69. Achyranthes bidentata Blume Amaranthaceae Cherukadaladi
70. Aerva lanata (L.) [Link] Schultes Amaranthaceae Cherula
71. Cyathula prostrata (L.) Bl. Amaranthaceae Chuvannakadalad
[=Achyranthes prostrata L.] i
72. Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Pupalvalli
[=Achyranthes lappacea L.]
73. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Amaryllidaceae Nilappana
74. Curculigo sumatrana Roxb. Amaryllidaceae
75. Molineria trichocarpa (Wight) Amaryllidaceae Nilampana
[Link].
76. Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Kasumavu
77. Buchanania barberi Gamble Anacardiaceae
78. Buchanania lanceolata Wight Anacardiaceae Kulamavu
79. Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Anacardiaceae Priyalam
[=Buchanania latifolia Roxb.]
80. Holigarna arnottiana Hook.f. Anacardiaceae Charu
81. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Uthi
[=Dialium coromandelicum Houtt.]
82. Mangifera andamanica King Anacardiaceae
83. Mangifera camptoserma Pierre Anacardiaceae
84. Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Mavu
85. Nothopegia colebrookeana (Wight ) Anacardiaceae
Blume
42 | P a g e
 86. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Perkuru
87. Semecarpus auriculata Bedd. Anacardiaceae
88. Semecarpus travancorica Bedd. Anacardiaceae
89. Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz Anacardiaceae Mampuli
[=Mangifera pinnata L.f ]
90. Ancistrocladus heyneanus Wall. ex Ancistrocladaceae Modiravalli
Graham
91. Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray Annonaceae
92. Annona glabra L. Annonaceae
93. Annona muricata L. Annonaceae Mullathi
94. Annona reticulata L. Annonaceae
95. Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Sitapazham
96. Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari Annonaceae Manoranjini
[=Annona hexapetala L.f.]
97. Artabotrys suaveolens (Blume) Blume Annonaceae
98. Cyathocalyx zeylanicus Champ. Annonaceae Ilapatti
99. Desmos lawii (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Annonaceae Karapoomaram
Safford
100. Goniothalamus wightii Hook.f. & Annonaceae
Thoms.
101. Goniothalamus wynaadensis (Bedd.) Annonaceae
Bedd.
102. Goniothalamus cardipetalus (Dlazell) Annonaceae
Hook.f. & Thoms.
103. Goniothalamus keralensis Santhosh Annonaceae
& al.
104. Meiogyne pannosa (Dalz.) Sinclair Annonaceae
105. Meiogyne ramarowii (Dunn) Gandhi Annonaceae
106. Miliusa eriocarpa Dunn Annonaceae
107. Phaeanthus malabaricus Bedd. Annonaceae
108. Polyalthia coffeoides (Thwaites) Annonaceae
Hook.f. & Thoms.
109. Polyalthia fragrans (Dalz.) Bedd. Annonaceae Nedunar
[=Guatteria fragrans Dalz.]
110. Hubera jenkinsii (Hook.f. & Thomson) Annonaceae
Chaowasku [=Polyalthia jenkensii
(Hook.f. & Thoms.) Hook.f. &
Thoms. ]
111. Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. Annonaceae Aranamaram
[=Uvaria longifolia Sonn.]
112. Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites Annonaceae
[=Uvaria suberosa Roxb.]
113. Popowia beddomeana Hook.f.& Annonaceae
Thomson
114. Uvaria narum (Dunal) Wallich ex Annonaceae Narumpanal
Wight & Arn. [=Unona narum Dunal ]
115. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Apiaceae Kodangal
[=Hydrocotyle asiatica L.]
116. Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. Apiaceae Kattukodangal
117. Allamanda cathartica L. Apocynaceae Manjakolambi
43 | P a g e
 118. Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex [Link] Apocynaceae
119. Alstonia scholaris (L.) [Link]. Apocynaceae Ezhilamppala
120. Alstonia venenata [Link]. Apocynaceae Theepala
121. Carissa carandas L. Apocynaceae Karanda
122. Cascabella thevetia (L.) Lippold Apocynaceae Manja arali
(yellow)
123. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Apocynaceae Nithyakallyani
[=Vinca rosea L.]
124. Cerbera odollam Gaertn. [=Cerebra Apocynaceae Othallam
manghas L.]
125. Chonemorpha grandiflora (Roth.) Apocynaceae Perumkurumba
M.R. & S.M. Almeida
126. Holarrhena pubescens (Buch. –Ham.) Apocynaceae Kudakappala
Wall. ex DC. [=Echites pubescens
Roth.]
127. Hunteria zeylanica (Retz.) Gard. ex Apocynaceae
Thw. [=Cameraria zeylanica Retz.
128. Ichnocarpus frutescens (Linn.) [Link]. Apocynaceae Palvalli
129. Nerium oleander L. [=Nerium Apocynaceae Areli
indicum Mill.]
130. Rauvolfia hookeri Srinivas. & Chithra Apocynaceae
[=Rauvolfia beddomei Hook.f.
131. Rauvolfia micrantha Hook.f. Apocynaceae
132. Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Apocynaceae Sarpagandhi
Kurz.
133. Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. [=Rauvolfia Apocynaceae Pambum kolli
canescens L.]
134. Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.)Baillon, Apocynaceae Amalpori
non Chiov. [=Rauvolfia densiflora
(Baillon)]
135. Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel Apocynaceae
136. Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Apocynaceae Nandiyarvattom
Br. [=Nerium divaricatum L.]
137. Tabernaemontana gamblei Subr. & Apocynaceae
Henry [=Ervatamia caudata Gamble]
138. Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. Apocynaceae Kundalapala
[=Ervatamia heyneana
(Wallich)[Link]]
139. Vallaris solanaceae (Roth) Kuntze Apocynaceae Vishappala
[=Peltanthera solanacea Roth]
140. Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb. Apocynaceae Nedumpala
[=Periploca arborea Dennst.]
141. Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) [Link]. Apocynaceae Dhantapala
[=Nerium tinctorium Roxb.]
142. Acorus calamus L. Araceae Vayambu
143. Amorphophalus bonaccordensis Araceae
Sivadasan & Mohanan
144. Anaphyllum beddomei Engl. Araceae
145. Anaphyllum wightii Schott. Araceae Keerikizhangu
146. Arisaema leschenaultiii Blume [= Araceae Pambucholam
44 | P a g e
 Arisaema pulchrum [Link].]
147. Arisaema tortuosum (Wallich) Schott. Araceae
[=Arum tortuosum Wallich]
148. Lagenandra ovata (L.) Thw. [=Arum Araceae Karinpola
ovatum L.]
149. Pothos scandens L. Araceae Anaparuva
150. Rhaphidophora pertusa (Roxb.) Araceae Attithippali
Schott [=Pothos persutum Roxb.]
151. Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott. Araceae Karanakizhangu
[=Arum trilobatum L.]
152. Schefflera bourdillonii Gamble Araliaceae
153. Schefflera wallichiana (Wight & Arn.) Araliaceae Kannimarom
Harms. [=Paratropia
wallichiana Wight & Arn.]
154. Rophaloblaste angustata (Kurz) Areacaceae
Moore
155. Areca catechu L. Arecaceae Kavungu
156. Areca triandra Roxb. Arecaceae
157. Arenga wightii Griff. Arecaceae Kattuthengu
158. Bentinckia condappana Berry & Arecaceae Parapakku
Roxb.
159. Calamus andamanicus Kurz Arecaceae
160. Calamus hookerianus Becc. Arecaceae Kallenchooral
161. Calamus thwaitesii Becc. Arecaceae Panni Chooral
162. Caryota urens L. Arecaceae Olattipana
163. Korthalsia rogersii Becc. Arecaceae
164. Phoenix pusilla Gaertn. [=Phoenix Arecaceae Chittinthal
farnifera Roxb.]
165. Pinaga manii Becc. Arecaceae
166. Pinanga dicksonii (Roxb.) Blume Arecaceae Kattukamuku
[=Areca dicksonii Roxb.]
167. Aristolochia grandiflora Sw. Aristolochiaceae Kozhipoovalli
168. Aristolochia indica L. Aristolochiaceae Garudakodi
169. Aristolochia krisagathra Sivaraj. & Aristolochiaceae
Pradeep
170. Aristolochia maxima Jacq. Aristolochiaceae
171. Aristolochia tagala Cham. Aristolochiaceae Eshwaramooli
[=Aristolochia roxburghiana Klotz.]
172. Thottea barberi (Gamble) Ding Hou Aristolochiaceae
[=Apama barberi Gamble]
173. Thottea dinghoui Swarup Aristolochiaceae
174. Thottea duchartrei Sivaraj. et al. Aristolochiaceae
[=Bragantia wallichii
[Link]&Arn.]
175. Thottea idukkiana Pandurangan & Aristolochiaceae
V.J. Nair
176. Thottea ponmudiana Sivaraj. Aristolochiaceae
177. Thottea siliquosa (Lam.) Ding Hou Aristolochiaceae Alpam
[=Apama siliquosa Lam.]
178. Thottea sivarajanii Santhosh & al. Aristolochiaceae
45 | P a g e
 179. Thottea tomentosa Bl. Aristolochiaceae
180. Asclepias curassavica L. Asclepiadaceae Kammalchedi
181. Calotropis gigantea (L.) [Link]. Asclepiadaceae Yerikku
[=Asclepias gigantea L.]
182. Ceropegia candelabrum L. Asclepiadaceae Njotavalli
[Link]
183. Cosmostigma racemosum (Roxb.) Asclepiadaceae Vattolam
Wight [=Asclepias racemosa Roxb.]
184. Gymnema hirsutum Wight & Arn. Asclepiadaceae
185. Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) .Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Chakkarakolli
Roem. & Schult. [=Periploca
sylvestris Retz.]
186. Holostemma annulare (Roxb.) Asclepiadaceae Adakodien
Schumann [=Holostemma ada-kodien
[Link] ex Schult.]
187. Decalepis arayalpathra (Joseph & Asclepiadaceae
Chandras.) Venter [=Janakia
arayalpathra Joseph & [Link].]
188. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. Asclepiadaceae Veliparuthi
[=Asclepias daemia Forsskal
189. Secamone emetica (Retz.) [Link]. ex Asclepiadaceae
Schult. [=Periploca ementica Retz.]
190. Toxocarpus beddomei Gamble Asclepiadaceae
191. Tylophora indica [Link] (Burm.f.) Asclepiadaceae Vallipalla
Merr. [=Cyananchum indicum
Burm.f.]
192. Wattakaka volubulis (L.f.) Stapf. Asclepiadaceae Manja
[=Asclepias volubilis L.f.] adapathiyan
193. Eclipta prostrata (L.)L. [Link] Asteraceae Kaithonni
[=Verbecina prostrata L.]
194. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Aanachuvadi
195. Emilia sonchifolia (L.) C. Asteraceae Muyalcheviyan
196. Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl. Asteraceae Ayyappana
197. Stevia rebaudiana Bert. Asteraceae Madhurathulasi
198. Vernonia cineria (L.) Less. [=Conzya Asteraceae Poovamkurunthal
cineria L.]
199. Vernonia travancorica Bedd. Asteraceae Paruva
200. Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Asteraceae Manjakayunni
[=Verbesina chinensis L.]
201. Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski Asteraceae
[=Wedelia trilobata (L.) [Link];
Silphium trilobatum L.]
202. Averrhoa carambola L. Averrhoaceae Pulinji
203. Begonia floccifera Bedd. Begoniaceae
204. Begonia malabarica Lamk. Begoniaceae
205. Begonia albo-coccinea Hook. Begoniaceae
206. Begonia arnottiana (Wt.) [Link] Begoniaceae
207. Begonia dipetala Grah. var. Begoniaceae
hydrophila (C.B. Clarke) Santhosh &
Seema
46 | P a g e
 208. Begonia fallax DC. Begoniaceae
209. Mahonia leschenaultii (Wallich ex Berberidaceae Mullumanjanathi
Wight &Arn.)Takeda ex Gamble
[=Berberis leschenaultii Wallich ex
Wight &Arn.]
210. Adenocalymna alliaceum Biers. Bignoniaceae Veluthullichedi
211. Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Bignoniaceae Maramalli
212. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Bignoniaceae Payyazhantha
[=Bignonia indica L.]
213. Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K. Bignoniaceae Azantha
Schum. [=Bignonia longifolia Willd.]
214. Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. Bignoniaceae Manipoomaram
[=Spathodea nilotica Seemann]
215. Stereospermum colais (Buch.-Ham. ex Bignoniaceae Pathiri
Dillw.) Mabb. [=Bignonia colias
Buch.-Ham. ex Dillw.]
216. Bixa orellana L. Bixaceae Kunkumam
217. Bombax ceiba L. [=Bombax Bombacaceae Elavu
malabaricum DC.]
218. Cordia dichotoma Forster Boraginaceae Naruvari
219. Ehretia microphylla Lam. Boraginaceae
220. Rotula aquatica Lour. [=Rhabdia Boraginaceae Kallurvanchi
lyciodes [Link] &Zucc.]
221. Canarium strictum Roxb. Burseraceae Kunthirikkam
222. Commiphora caudata (Wt. & Arn.) Burseraceae Kilimaram
Engl. [=Protium caudatum Wt. &
Arn.]
223. Bauhinia acuminata L. Caesalpiniaceae Mandaram
224. Bauhinia scandens L. [=Bauhinia Caesalpiniaceae Nagavalli
scandens L. var. anguina (Roxb.)
Ohasi]
225. Bauhinia tomentosa L. Caesalpiniaceae Manjamandaram
226. Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Caesalpiniaceae Rajamalli
[=Poinciana pulcherrima L.]
227. Caesalpinia sappan L. Caesalpiniaceae Chappangam
228. Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Kanikonna
229. Cassia tora L. [=Senna tora (L.) Caesalpiniaceae Oolanthakara
Roxb.]
230. Humboldtia decurrens Bedd. ex Caesalpiniaceae
Oliver
231. Humboldtia bourdillonii Prain Caesalpiniaceae
232. Humboldtia brunonis Wall. Caesalpiniaceae
233. Humboldtia decurrens Bedd. Caesalpiniaceae Kunthani
234. Humboldtia vahliana Wt. Caesalpiniaceae Kara
235. Kingiodendron pinnatum (Roxb. ex Caesalpiniaceae Kolavu
DC.)Harms. [=Hardwikia pinnata
Roxb. ex DC.]
236. Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde Caesalpiniaceae Ashokam
[=Jonesia asoca Roxb.]
237. Tamarindus indica L. Caesalpiniaceae Puli
47 | P a g e
 238. Crataeva nurvala Buch.-Ham. Capparaceae Nirmathalam
[=Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC.]
239. Cleome rutidosperma DC. [=Cleome Capparidaceae
burmanii sensu Manilal& Sivarajan]
240. Carica papaya L. [=Papaya carica Caricaceae Kappakai
Gaertner]
241. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Kilithinipanji
242. Celastrus scandens L. Celastraceae
243. Colubrina travancorica Bedd. Celastraceae
244. Glyptopetalum grandiflorum Bedd. Celastraceae
245. Lophopetalum wightianum Arn. Celastraceae Venkotta
246. Microtropis ramiflora Wight Celastraceae
247. Pleurostylia opposita (Wallich) Alston Celastraceae
248. Salacia brunoniana Wight & Arn. Celastraceae Ekanayakam
249. Salacia chinensis L. [=Salacia Celastraceae Cherukurandi
prionoides DC.]
250. Salacia fruticosa Heyne ex Lawson Celastraceae Ponkurandi
251. Salacia malabarica Gamble Celastraceae
252. Salacia oblonga Wallich ex Wight & Celastraceae
Arn.
253. Sarcandra chloranthoides Gardn. Chloranthaceae
[=Sarcandra grandiflora Gardn.]
254. Agasthyamalaia pauciflorum (Bedd.) Clusiaceae
Rajk. & Janan.[=Poeciloneuron
pauciflorum Bedd.]
255. Calophyllum apetalum Willd. Clusiaceae Cherupunna
[=Calophyllum calaba L.]
256. Calophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae Punna
257. Garcinia gummi-gutta L. Clusiaceae Penampuli
258. Garcinia morella (Gaertner) Desr. Clusiaceae Iravi
[=Mangostana morella Gaertner]
259. Garcinia rubro-echinata Kosterm. Clusiaceae Para marom
[=Garcinia echinocarpa sensu
Gamble,non Thwaites ]
260. Garcinia wightii T. And. Clusiaceae Pulimaram
261. Mesua ferrea L. [=Mesua nagassarium Clusiaceae Nangu
(Burm.f.)Kosterm.]
262. Poeciloneuron indicum Roxb. Clusiaceae Poothamkolli
263. Cochlospermum religiosum (Burm.f.) Cochlospermaceae Appakudukka
Kosterm. [=Cochlospermum
gossypium DC.]
264. Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.) Poir. Combretaceae Pullani
[=Getonia floribunda Roxb.]
265. Combretum albidum G. Don Combretaceae
266. Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae Badam
267. Terminalia alata Heyne. [=Terminalia Combretaceae Thembavu
crenulata Roth.]
268. Terminalia arjuna (DC.) Wight & Combretaceae Neermaruthu
Arn.
269. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Combretaceae Thanni
48 | P a g e
 [=Myrobalanus bellirica Gaertn.]
270. Terminalia paniculata Roxb. Combretaceae Poomaruthu
271. Terminalia procera Roxb. Combretaceae
272. Argyreia nervosa (Burm.f.) Bojer Convolvulaceae Samudrapacha
[=Convolvulus nervosus Burm.f.]
273. Erycibe paniculata Roxb. [=Erycibe Convolvulaceae Irumpithali
paniculata var. wightiana [Link]]
274. Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) Convolvulaceae Krishna kranthi
[Link] [=Convolvulus
alsinoides L.]
275. Hewettia malabarica (L.) Suresh Convolvulaceae Karinthali
[=Convolvulus malabaricus L.]
276. Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Convolvulaceae Madhura
kizhangu
277. Ipomoea carnea Jace Convolvulaceae
278. Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. Convolvulaceae Muthakukizhangu
279. Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawler Convolvulaceae Cheruthali
[=Convolvulus obscurus L.]
280. Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) [Link]. Convolvulaceae Kuthirakulamban
[=convolvulus pes-caprae L.]
281. Merremia turpethum (L.) G.L. Shah & Convolvulaceae Thrikolpakonna
R.G. Bhat.
282. Merremia umbellata (L.) Hall.f. Convolvulaceae Vayara
[=Convolvulus umbellatus L.]
283. Merremia vitifolia (Burm.f.) Hallier Convolvulaceae Manjakolambi
[=Convolvulus vitifolius Burm.f.]
284. Mastixia arborea (Wight) Bedd. ssp Cornaceae
arborea
285. Costus speciosus (J. Koen.) Sm. Costaceae Channakoova
286. Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Crassulaceae Ilamulachi
287. Coccinia grandis (L.) Voight Cucurbitaceae Koval
[=Bryonia grandis L.]
288. Hypolytrum nemorum (Vahl) Spreng. Cyperaceae Cherukaida
289. Tetrameles nudiflora R. Br. Datiscaceae Cheeni
290. Acrotrema agasthyamalayanum Dilleniaceae
Santhosh & al.
291. Acrotrema arnottianum Wight Dilleniaceae Nilampunna
292. Acrotrema uniflorum Hook. var. Dilleniaceae
uniflorum
293. Dillenia bracteata Wight Dilleniaceae
294. Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Dilleniaceae Kudapunna
295. Tetracera akara (Burm.f.) Merr. Dilleniaceae Nennelvalli
[=Callophyllum akara Burm.f.]
296. Dioscorea belophylla Voigt Dioscoreaceae
297. Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Dioscoreaceae Kachil
298. Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Dioscoreaceae Nooran
299. Dioscorea wallichii Hook.f. Dioscoreaceae Narukizhangu
300. Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd. Dipterocarpaceae Kalpayin
301. Hopea parviflora Bedd. Dipterocarpaceae Kambagam
302. Hopea ponga (Dennst.) Mabb. Dipterocarpaceae Naikambakam
49 | P a g e
 [=Artocarpus ponga Dennst.]
303. Hopea racophloea Dyer Dipterocarpaceae
304. Vateria indica L. Dipterocarpaceae Vellapayin
305. Diospyros buxifolia (Blume) Hiern. Ebenaceae Elichuzhi
306. Diospyros ebenum J. Koenig. Ex Retz. Ebenaceae Ebony
307. Diospyros foliolosa Wall. ex A. DC. Ebenaceae
308. Diospyros ghatensis Ramesh & Ebenaceae
Franceschi
309. Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel Ebenaceae Panachimaram
[=D. peregrina (Gaertn.) Guerke]
310. Diospyros montana Roxb. Ebenaceae
311. Diospyros pilosiuscula G. Don var Ebenaceae
andamanensis (Jayaraman & Nayar)
V Singh
312. Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. Elaeagnaceae Kattumunthiri
[=Elaeagnus latifolia auct. Non L.]
313. Elaeocarpus munronii (Wight) Elaeocarpaceae
Masters
314. Elaeocarpus serratus L. Elaeocarpaceae Karamavu
315. Elaeocarpus sp. Elaeocarpaceae
316. Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. Elaeocarpaceae Kodavashi
317. Muntingia calabura L. Elaeocarpaceae
318. Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. Erythroxylaceae
319. Erythroxylum moonii Hochr. [=E. Erythroxylaceae
acuminatum (Arn.) Walp.]
320. Acteiphila excelsa Muell.-Arg. [= Euphorbiaceae
Anomospermum excelsum Dalz.]
321. Antidesma acidum Retz. [=Antidesma Euphorbiaceae Areepazham
diandrum (Roxb.) Roth.]
322. Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn. Euphorbiaceae Arinelli
[=Antidesma paniculatum Roxb. ex
Willd.]
323. Antidesma keralense Chakrab. & Euphorbiaceae
Gangop.
324. Antidesma montanum Blume Euphorbiaceae Putharaval
[=Antidesma menasu (Tul.)[Link]
Muell.-Arg.]
325. Aporusa lindleyana (Wight) Baill. Euphorbiaceae Vetti
326. Baccaurea courtallensis Muell. – Arg. Euphorbiaceae Mootilpazham
[=Pierardia courtallensis Wight]
327. Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. [=[Link] Euphorbiaceae
(Roxb.) Muell.-Arg.]
328. Baliopsermum solanifolium (Burm.) Euphorbiaceae Danthi
Suresh [=B. montanum Muell.-Arg.]
329. Bischofia javanica Bl. [=Microelus Euphorbiaceae Chorakkalli
roeperianus Wight &Arn.]
330. Bridelia retusa (L.) [Link]. [=Bridelia Euphorbiaceae Kadukumaram
crenulata Roxb.]
331. Claoxylon anomalum Hook.f. Euphorbiaceae
332. Croton malabaricus Bedd. Euphorbiaceae Chunnambu
50 | P a g e
 maram
333. Croton tiglium L. Euphorbiaceae Neervaram
334. Crozophora oblongifolia (Delile) A. Euphorbiaceae
Juss. ex Spreng. [=Croton
oblongifolius Delie]
335. Drypetes malabarica (Bedd.) Airy Euphorbiaceae
Shaw
336. Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Hurusawa Euphorbiaceae Poothilanji
[= Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.]
337. Euphorbia antiquorum L. Euphorbiaceae Chathurakalli
338. Euphorbia vajraveluei Binoj. Euphorbiaceae
339. Jatropha glandulifera Roxb. Euphorbiaceae Nakadanti
340. Jatropha multifida L. Euphorbiaceae Churakalli
341. Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Muell- Euphorbiaceae Vattathamara
Arg. [=Osyris peltata Roxb.]
342. Mallotus beddomei Hook. f. Euphorbiaceae
343. Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) Muell. Euphorbiaceae Kurangumanjal
Arg. [=Croton philippensis Lam.]
344. Mallotus philippinensis var. Euphorbiaceae
tomentosus Gamble
345. Mallotus resinosus (Blanco) Merr. Euphorbiaceae
var. resinosus
346. Mallotus stenanthus Muell.-Arg. Euphorbiaceae
347. Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. Euphorbiaceae
348. Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. Euphorbiaceae Kizhar nelli
[=Phyllanthus niruri auct. Non L.]
349. Phyllanthus beddomei (Gamble) M. Euphorbiaceae
Mohanan
350. Phyllanthus emblica L. [=Emblica Euphorbiaceae Nelli
officinalis Gaertner]
351. Phyllanthus fraternus Webster Euphorbiaceae
352. Phyllanthus gageanus (Gamble) Euphorbiaceae
[Link]
353. Phyllanthus myrtifolius Moon Euphorbiaceae
354. Phyllanthus urinaria L. Euphorbiaceae Chuvannakeezhar
nelli
355. Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Avanakku
356. Sapium insigne (Royle) Benth. Euphorbiaceae Kalmaram
[=Falconeria insignis Royle]
357. Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Euphorbiaceae Mysore cheera
[=Clutia androgyna L.]
358. Sebastiania chamaelea (L.) Muell. – Euphorbiaceae Kodiavanakku
Arg. [=Tragia chamaelea L.]
359. Securingea leucopyrus (Willd.) Euphorbiaceae Amboorippachila
Muell.-Arg. [=Flueggea leucopyrus
Willd.]
360. Abrus precatorius L. .(White) Fabaceae Kunni
361. Abrus precatorius L.(Red) Fabaceae Vellakunni
362. Abrus pulchellus Wall. ex Thw. Fabaceae Valiya
kattumuthira
51 | P a g e
 363. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taubeert Fabaceae Chamatha
[=Butea frondosa Koenig ex Roxb.]
364. Butea parviflora Roxb. Fabaceae
365. Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) du Petit- Fabaceae Kattumuthira
Thou. [=Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.)
Benth.]
366. Centrosema pubescens Benth. Fabaceae Poombatta payar
[=Centrosema virginianum (L.)
Benth.]
367. Clitoria ternatea L. Fabaceae Valla
(White) Shangupushpama
368. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Fabaceae Veetti
369. Dalbergia travancorica Thoth. Fabaceae
370. Dalbergia volubilis Roxb. Fabaceae Cherumullu
371. Derris trifoliata Lour [=Derris Fabaceae Ponnamvalli
uliginosa (Roxb.) Benth.]
372. Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Fabaceae Pulladi
[=Hedysarum collinum Roxb.]
373. Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. Fabaceae Neelathuvara
[=Hedysarum heterocarpon L.]
374. Desmodium heterophyllum (L.) DC. Fabaceae Neelathuvara
[=Desmodium polycarpum (Poir.)
DC.]
375. Desmodium motorium (Houtt.) Merr. Fabaceae Ramanama pacha
[=Desmodium gyrans (L.F.) DC.]
376. Desmodium pulchellum (L.) Benth. Fabaceae Kattumuthira
[=Phyllodium pulchellum (L.) Desv.]
377. Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Fabaceae Cherupulladi
[=Hedysarum triflorum L.]
378. Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC. Fabaceae Adakkapana
[=Hedysarum triquetrum L.]
379. Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) DC. Fabaceae Oarila
[=[Link] (Roxb. ex Ker.) DC.]
380. Erythrina variegata L. Fabaceae Murikku
381. Flemingia strobilifera (L.) [Link]. ex Fabaceae Kamalu
Aiton [=Hedysarum strobiliferum L.]
382. Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Fabaceae Sheemakonna
Walp.
383. Indigofera tinctoria L. Fabaceae Neeelamari
384. Kunstleria keralensis C.N. Mohanan Fabaceae
& N.C Nair
385. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. [=Dolichos Fabaceae Naikurana
pruriens L.]
386. Ormosia travancorica Bedd. Fabaceae Malamanjadi
387. Phyllodium pulchellum (l.) Desv. Fabaceae
388. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Fabaceae Ungu
[=Cytisus pinnatus L.]
389. Pseudarthria viscida (L.) Wight & Fabaceae Moovila
Arn. [=Hedysarum viscidum L.]
390. Pterocarpus dalbergioides Roxb. Ex Fabaceae
52 | P a g e
 DC.
391. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Fabaceae Venga
392. Pterocarpus santalinus L. Fabaceae Rakthachandana
m
393. Spatholobus parviflorus (Roxb. ex Fabaceae Athambu
DC.) Kuntze [=Butea parviflora Roxb.
ex DC.]
394. Casearia ovata (Lam.) Willd. [=C. Flacourtiaceae Vellakunnan
esculentaRoxb.p.p.]
395. Casearia wynadensis Bedd. Flacourtiaceae
396. Casearia zeylanica (Gardener) Thw. Flacourtiaceae
397. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Flacourtiaceae Karkkandapazha
m
398. Flacourtia montana Graham. Flacourtiaceae Charalpazham
399. Hydnocarpus macrocarpus (Bedd.) Flacourtiaceae Malamarotti
Warb. [=Asteriastigma macrocarpa
Bedd.]
400. Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Flacourtiaceae Nirvetti
Oken
401. Oncoba spinosa Forrsk. Flacourtiaceae
402. Scolopia crenata Clos. Flacourtiaceae Kakkamaram
403. Didymocarpus gambleanus Fishcer Gesneriaceae
404. Didymocarpus innominatus B.L. Gesneriaceae
Burtt.
405. Didymocarpus meeboldii W. Sm. & Gesneriaceae
Ramam.
406. Didymocarpus repens Bedd. Gesneriaceae
407. Ophiopogon intermedius Don Haemodoraceae
408. Peliosanthes neilgherrensis Wight Haemodoraceae
409. Miquelia dentata Bedd. Icacinaceae
410. Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Graham.) Icacinaceae Peenari
Mabbberley
411. Sarcostigma kleinii Wight & Arn. Icacinaceae Odal
412. Neomarica gracilis (Herb.) Sprague Iridaceae
413. Gomphostemma eriocarpon Benth. Lamiaceae
414. Gomphostemma keralensis Vivek, Lamiaceae
Gopalan & R Ansari
415. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Sheemathulasi
416. Ocimum gratissimum L. Lamiaceae Attuthulasi,
Kattuthulasi
417. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. [=Ocimum Lamiaceae Thulasi
sanctum L.]
418. Plectranthus hadiensis (Forssk.) Lamiaceae Iruveli
Schweinf. var. tomentosus (Benth. ex
E. Mey.) Codd. [=P. zeylanicus
Benth.]
419. Plectranthus malabaricus (Benth.) Lamiaceae
R.H. Willemse [=Coleus malabaricus
Benth.]
420. Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. Lamiaceae Pachila
53 | P a g e
 [=Pogostemon petchouly Hook.f.]
421. Actinodaphne campanulata Hook.f. Lauraceae
var. campanulata
422. Actinodaphne campanulata Hook.f. Lauraceae
var. obtusa Gamble
423. Actinodaphne malabarica Balakr. Lauraceae
424. Actinodaphne quinqueflora (Dennst.) Lauraceae
M.R. & S.M. Almeida
425. Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.S. Lauraceae Karpooram
Presl. [=Laurus camphora L.]
426. Cinnamomum cuspidatum Nees Lauraceae
427. Cinnamomum filipedicellatum Lauraceae
Kosterm.
428. Cinnamomum heyneanum Nees Lauraceae
429. Cinnamomum malabatrum (Brum.f.) Lauraceae Vayana
Bl. [=Cinnamomum iners sensu
Gamble]
430. Cinnamomum riparium Gamble Lauraceae
431. Cinnamomum sulphuratum Nees Lauraceae
432. Cinnamomum verum J.S. Presl. Lauraceae Karuva
[=Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume]
433. Litsea beei Mohanan & Santhosh Lauraceae
434. Litsea stocksii Meisn. Lauraceae Varikkeera
435. Litsea travancorica Gamble Lauraceae
436. Litsea venulosa (meissner) Hook.f. Lauraceae
437. Neolitsea cassia (L.) Kosterm. Lauraceae Pravari
[=Laurus cassia L.]
438. Neolitsea fischeri Gamble Lauraceae
439. Neolitsea scrobiculata (Meissn.) Lauraceae Shantha maram
Gamb. [=Litsea scrobiculata Meissn.]
440. Persea macrantha (Nees) Kosterm. Lauraceae Kulir mavu
[=Machilus macrantha Nees]
441. Phobe wightii Meissn. Lauraceae
442. Barringtonia racemosa Roxb. Lecythidaceae Samudrappazham
443. Careya arborea Roxb. Lecythidaceae Pezhu
444. Couropita guianensis Aubl. Lecythidaceae Nagalinga maram
445. Leea guineensis [Link] [=L. wightii Leeaceae Chuvanna Njekku
(L.) Raf.]
446. Leea indica (Burm.f) Merr. Leeaceae Choroyanthali
[=Staphylea indica Burm.f.]
447. Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. [=Aloe Liliaceae Kattarvazha
perfoliata (L.) var. vera L.]
448. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Liliaceae Shatavari
[=Protasparagus racemosus
(Willd.)Oberm.]
449. Chlorophytum heynei Baker [=C. Liliaceae
heyneanum Wall. ex Hook.f.]
450. Chlorophytum laxum [Link]. Liliaceae
451. Crinum asiaticum L. Liliaceae Kattu ulli
452. Dianella nemorosa Lam. Liliaceae
54 | P a g e
 453. Dracaena brachyphylla Kurz. Liliaceae
454. Dracaena terniflora Roxb. Liliaceae Manjakkantha
455. Gloriosa superba L. Liliaceae Menthonni
456. Pancratium triflorum Roxb. Liliaceae Kaattulli
457. Sansiveria roxburghiana Schult. & Liliaceae Kurumbachedi
Schult.f.
458. Sansiveria trifasciata Prain Liliaceae
459. Sansivieria cylindrica Bojer ex Hook. Liliaceae
(Asparagaceae)
460. Hugonia mystax L. Linaceae Mothirakanni
461. Reinwardtia indica Dum Linaceae
[=Reinwardtia trigyna
(Roxb.)Planchon]
462. Lobelia nicotianifolia Roth ex Roem Lobeliaceae Kattupukayila
& Schult.
463. Fagraea ceilanica Thunb. [=Fagraea Loganiaceae Modakam
obovata Wall.]
464. Gardneria ovata Wall. Loganiaceae
465. Strychnos aenea Hill Loganiaceae
466. Strychnos nux-vomica L. Loganiaceae Kanjiram
467. Lagerstroemia hirsuta (Lam.) Willd. Lythraceae
[=[Link] Roxb.]
468. Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wight Lythraceae
469. Lawsonia inermis L. [=Lawsonia alba Lythraceae Mylanji
Lam.]
470. Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. Lythraceae Thathiripoovu
[=Lythrum fruiticosum L.]
471. Michelia champaca L. Magnoliaceae Chembakam
472. Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz. Malpighiaceae Chittilakody
[=Banisteria benghalensis L.]
473. Malpighia glabra L. Malpighiaceae
474. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Malvaceae Thuthi
475. Firoria vitifolia (L.) Mattei [=Hibiscus Malvaceae
vitifolius L.]
476. Hibiscus hispidissimus Griff. Malvaceae Matthippuli
[=Hibiscus aculeatus Roxb.]
477. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. var. rosa- Malvaceae Chembarathi
sinensis
478. Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Malvaceae Kasthurivenda
479. Sida acuta Burm.f. [=Sida carpinifolia Malvaceae Kurumthotti
sensu Masters, non L.f.]
480. Sida alnifolia L. [=Sida retusa L.] Malvaceae Vattooram
481. Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Borssum Malvaceae Vallikurumthotti
[=Melochia cordata Burm.f.]
482. Sida cordifolia L. Malvaceae Veleerpan
483. Sida rhomboidea Roxb. ex Fleming. Malvaceae
[=Sida rhombifolia var. rhomboidea
(Roxb. ex Fleming) Masters]
484. Sida unicornis Marais Malvaceae
485. Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalz. ex Malvaceae Kattuparuthi
55 | P a g e
 Dalz & Gibson [=Hibiscus lampas
Cav.]
486. Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corr. Malvaceae Cheelanthi
[=Hibiscus populneus L.]
487. Urena lobata L. [=Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Oorppan
ssp. lobata Borssum]
488. Urena sinuata L. [=Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Uthiram
ssp. sinuata (L.) Borssum]
489. Julostylis polyandra Ravi & Anil Malvaceaea
Kumar
490. Maranta arundinacea L. Marantaceae Koova
491. Phrynium rheedei Suresh & Nicolson Marantaceae
492. Schumannianthus virgatus Rolfe Marantaceae Kattukuppa
493. Stachyphrynium spicatum (Roxb.) K. Marantaceae
Schumann
494. Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don Melastomatace
495. Medinella anamalaiana Sasidharan & Melastomataceae
Sujanapal
496. Melastoma mlabathricum L. Melastomataceae Kadali
497. Memecylon grande Retz. Melastomataceae
498. Memecylon heyneanum Benth ex Melastomataceae
Wight & Arn.
499. Memecylon talbotianum Brandis Melastomataceae
500. Memecylon umbellatum Burm.f. Melastomataceae Kayamboo
[=[Link] Roxb.]
501. Memecylon wightianum Triana Melastomataceae
[=[Link] [Link]]
502. Osbeckia aspera var. travancorica Melastomataceae
(Bedd. ex Gamble)
503. Osbeckia virgata [Link] exWight & Melastomataceae
Arn.
504. Aglaia elaeagnoidea ([Link].) Benth. Meliaceae Njazhel
var. elaegnoidea [=Nemedra
elaeagnoidea Juss]
505. Aglaia elaeagnoidea ([Link].) Benth.) Meliaceae Chembuli
K.K.N. Nair [Link] (Gamble)
K.K.N. Nair[=Aglaia roxburghiana
var. beddomei Gamble]
506. Aglaia perviris Hiern. Meliaceae Chuvannakil
507. Aglaia simplicifolia (Bedd.) Harms Meliaceae
508. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. [=Melia Meliaceae Veppu
azadirachta L.]
509. Chukrasia tabularis [Link]. Meliaceae Vembu
510. Cipadessa baccifera Miq. [=Cipadessa Meliaceae Potti
fruticosa Blume ]
511. Dysoxylum ficiforme Wight Meliaceae
512. Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. Meliaceae Vellakil
513. Naregamia alata Wight & Arn. Meliaceae Nilanaregam
514. Reinwardtiodendron anamalaiense Meliaceae
(Bedd.) Mabb.
56 | P a g e
 515. Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Meliaceae Mahagony
516. Memecylon clarkeanum Cogn. Memecylaceae
517. Memecylon sivadasanii N. Mohanan Memecylaceae
& al.
518. Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight & Arn. Menispermaceae Nanchu
519. Cissampelos pareira L. var hirsuta Menispermaceae karanakodi
(Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Forman
[=Cissampelos pareira L.]
520. Cocculus laurifolius DC. Menispermaceae Marpinki
521. Coscinium fenestratum Colebr. Menispermaceae Maramanjal
[=Menispermum fenestratum Gaertn.]
522. Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Menispermaceae Padathali
Thoms. [=Cyclea arnotii Miers.]
523. Diploclisia glaucescens (Bl.) Diels Menispermaceae Vatta valli,
[=Cocculus glaucescens Bl.] Theeppacha
524. Stephania wightii (Arn.) Dunn. Menispermaceae Mahali kizhangu
525. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. Menispermaceae Chittamrithu
& Thoms. [=Menispermum
cordifolium Willd.]
526. Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. Menispermaceae Kattamrithu
[=Campylus sinensis Lour.]
527. Adenanthera pavonina L. Mimosaceae Manchadi
528. Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. Moraceae Araanjili
529. Artocarpus communis Forster Moraceae Seemaplavu
530. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Moraceae Plavu
[=Artocarpus integrifolius auct. non
L.f.]
531. Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. Moraceae Ayani
532. Ficus callosa Willd. Moraceae Koliyal
533. Ficus heterophylla L.f. Moraceae
534. Ficus hispida L.f. Moraceae Erumanakku
535. Ficus microcarpa L.f. [=F. retusa Moraceae Ithi
King]
536. Ficus nervosa B. Heyne ex Roth Moraceae Eechamaram
537. Ficus racemosa L. [=[Link] Moraceae Atthi-al
Roxb.]
538. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Ar
ayal
539. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Paruva
540. Streblus taxoades (Heyne ex Roth.) Moraceae Kadala
Kurz
[=Phylloclamis spinosa (Roxb.)
Breau]
541. Moringa oleifera lam. [=Moringa Moringaceae Muringa
pterygosperma Gaertner]
542. Ensete superbum (L.) Cheesm Musaceae Kalluvazha
543. Knema attenuata (Wall. ex hook. f. & Myristicaceae Chorapali
Thomson) Warb.
544. Myristica andamanica Hook.f. Myristicaceae
545. Myristica dactyloides Gaertn. Myristicaceae Kattujathi
57 | P a g e
 546. Myristica fatua var. magnifica (Bedd.) Myristicaceae
Sinclair
547. Myristica fragrans Houtt. Myristicaceae Jathikka
548. Myristica malabarica Lam. Myristicaceae Pathiripoovu
549. Antistrophe glabra A.G. Pandur. & Myrsinaceae
V.J. nair
550. Antistrophe serratifolia (Bedd.) Myrsinaceae
Hook.f.
551. Ardisia littoralis Andrews Myrsinaceae
552. Ardisia missionis Wall. ex DC. Myrsinaceae
553. Ardisia pauciflora Heyne ex Roxb. Myrsinaceae
554. Ardisia rhomboidea Wight Myrsinaceae
555. Ardisia solanacea Roxb. [=Ardisia Myrsinaceae Kuzhimundan
humilis sensu Wight]
556. Embelia ribes Burm.f. Myrsinaceae Vizhal
557. Embelia tsjeriam-cottam (Roemer & Myrsinaceae Ammimuriyan
Schultes) [Link]. [=Embelia basaal
(Roem. ex Schult.)[Link].]
558. Maesa indica (Roxb.) [Link]. Myrsinaceae Kattuvizhal
[=Boebotrys indica Roxb.]
559. Maesa velutina Mez. Myrsinaceae
560. Eucalyptus globulus Labill Myrtaceae Karpuramaram
561. Eugenia argentea Bedd. Myrtaceae
562. Eugenia rottleriana Wight & Arn. Myrtaceae
563. Pimenta dioica (L.)Merr. Myrtaceae Sarvasugandhi
564. Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Pera
565. Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Myrtaceae
Perr.
566. Syzygium bourdillonii Gamble Myrtaceae
567. Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae Njaval
[=Myrtus cuminii L.]
568. Syzygium laetum (Buch.-Ham.) Myrtaceae
Gandhi
569. Syzygium megacarpum (Craib) Myrtaceae
Rathakr. & N.C. Nair
570. Syzygium mundagam (Bourd. ) Chitra Myrtaceae
571. Syzygium neesianum Arn. Myrtaceae
572. Syzygium occidentale (Bourd.) Gandhi Myrtaceae
573. Syzygium palodensis Sharif & al. Myrtaceae
574. Syzygium ramavarmae (Bourd.) Chitra Myrtaceae
575. Syzygium rama-varmae Bourd. Myrtaceae
576. Syzygium samarengens (Blume) Merr. Myrtaceae
& L.M. Perry
577. Syzygium travancoricum Gamble Myrtaceae Poriyal
578. Syzygium zeylanicum L. [=Myrtus Myrtaceae Malarkayamarom
zeylanicus L.]
579. Boerhavia diffusa L. [=Boerhavia Nyctaginaceae Thazhuthama
repens L.]
580. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Nyctaginaceae
581. Mirabilis jalapa L. Nyctaginaceae Nalumanichedi
58 | P a g e
 582. Nyctanthus arbor-tristis L. Nyctanthaceae Pavizhamulla
583. Gomphia serrata (Gaertn.) Kanis. Ochnaceae Chavetti
[=Meesia serrata Gaertn.]
584. Anacolosa densiflora Bedd. Olacaceae
585. Erythropalum populifolium (Arn.) Olacaceae
Masters
586. Strombosia zeylanica Olacaceae Kalmanickam
587. Chionanthus courtallensis Bedd. Oleaceae
588. Chionanthus zeylanicus L. Oleaceae
589. Jasminum angustifolium Vahl. Oleaceae Kattumulla
590. Jasminum caudatum Wall ex Lindl. Oleaceae
591. Jasminum cordifolium Wall. ex G. Oleaceae
Don
592. Jasminum flexile Vahl var. Oleaceae Nakshtramulla
travancorense Gamble
593. Jasminum flexile Vahl var. Oleaceae
travancorense Gamble
594. Jasminum flexile Vahl. var. ovata C.B. Oleaceae
Clarke
595. Jasminum lanceolarium Roxb. Oleaceae
596. Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Oleaceae Kudamulla
Andrews
597. Jasminum rottlerianum Wall. ex A. Oleaceae
DC. var. glabrior C.B. Clarke
598. Jasminum rottlerianum Wall. ex A. Oleaceae
DC. var. rottlerianum
599. Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. Oleaceae Mulla
600. Ligustrum perrottetii [Link]. Oleaceae
601. Myxopyrum smilacifolium Bl. Oleaceae Chathuramulla
602. Olea dioica Roxb. Oleaceae Edana
603. Ludwigia perennis L. Onagraceae Neerkarayambu
604. Ludwigia prostrata Roxb. Onagraceae
605. Bulbophyllum sterile (Lam.) Suresh Orchidaceae Mookittakaya
[=Epidendrum sterile Lam.]
606. Calanthe sylvatica (Thours) Lindley Orchidaceae
[=Calanthe masuca ([Link]) Lindl]
607. Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Bl. Orchidaceae
608. Cymbidium aloefolium (L.) Sw Orchidaceae
[=cymbidium pendulum (Roxb.) Sw.
&Lindl.]
609. Eulophia andamanensis Reichenb. Orchidaceae
610. Eulophia epidendraea (J. Orchidaceae
Koen.)Schltr. [=Serapias epidendraea
Koenig]
611. Eulophia macrostachya Lindley Orchidaceae
612. Flickingeria nodosa (Dalz.) Seidenf. Orchidaceae
613. Nervilia crociformis (Zon & Merr.) Orchidaceae
Seiden.
614. Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr. Orchidaceae
615. Pholidota imbricata W.J. Hook Orchidaceae Pannamaravazha
59 | P a g e
 616. Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume Orchidaceae Kurukkanvalu
617. Taprobanea spathulata (L.) Christ Orchidaceae Ponnamponmarva

618. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hk. ex G. Orchidaceae Mara vazha

Don
619. Vanda testacea (Lindl) Reichb.f. Orchidaceae Maravazha
620. Vanilla aphylla Bl. Orchidaceae
621. Vanilla planifolia Andr. Orchidaceae Vanilla
622. Biophytum congestiflorum Govind. Oxalidaceae
623. Biophytum insigne Gamble Oxalidaceae
624. Biophytum longipedunculosum Oxalidaceae
Govindraj.
625. Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzh. Oxalidaceae
var keralanum Santhosh & al.
626. Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzh. Oxalidaceae
var reinwardtii
627. Biophytum umbraculum Schweinf. Oxalidaceae
628. Biophytum veldkampii Shanavas & al. Oxalidaceae

629. Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalidaceae Puliyarila

630. Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. Pandanaceae Rambha
631. Pandanus tectorius Sol. Pandanaceae
632. Pandanus thwaitesii [Link] Pandanaceae
633. Adenia hondala (Gaertn.) de Wilde Passifloraceae Karimuthukku
[=Adenia palmata (Lam.) Engl.]
634. Passiflora foetida L. Passifloraceae Bongikkaya
635. Passiflora edulis Sims. Passifloraceae Passion fruit
636. Cryptolepis buchananii R. & S. Periplocaceae Cheru pal valli
[=Nerium reticulatum Roxb.]
637. Decalepis arayalpathra (Joseph & Periplocaceae Amrithappala
Chnadras.) Vent.
638. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) [Link]. Periplocaceae Naruneendi
639. Lepianthes umbellata (L.) Raf. Piperaceae Attanari
640. Piper argyrophyllum Miq. Piperaceae
641. Piper barberi Gamble Piperaceae
642. Piper betle L. Piperaceae Vettila
643. Piper hapnium Buch. - Ham. ex Piperaceae Kattu thippali
Hook.f.
644. Piper longum L. Piperaceae Thippali
645. Piper mullesua Buch. -Ham. ex Piperaceae
[Link] [=[Link] Wall.]
646. Piper nigrum L. Piperaceae Nallamulaku
647. Piper ribesoides Wall. Piperaceae
648. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Piperaceae
649. Pittosporum tetraspermum Wight & Pittosporaceae Kachapatta/Anali
Arn. vegam
650. Plumbago rosea L. Plumbaginaceae
651. Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumbaginaceae Koduveli
652. Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss Poaceae Mula

60 | P a g e
 [=Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.)
Willd.]
653. Xanthophyllum arnottianum Wight Polygalaceae Mottal
654. Portulaca olearacea L. Portulacaceae Uppucheera
655. Portulaca quadrifida L. Portulacaceae Neelakeera
656. Talinum portulacifolium (forssk.) Portulacaceae Sambarcheera
Asch. ex Schweinf.
657. Punica granatum L. Punicaceae Mathalam
658. Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex DC. Ranunculaceae Nikidakodi
659. Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC. Ranunculaceae Vathakodi
660. Ventilago maderaspatana Gaertn. Rhamnaceae Vembada
661. Zizyphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Cheruthudali
662. Zizyphus rugosa Lam. Rhamnaceae Thodali
663. Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. Rhizophoraceae Vallabham
[=Carralia integerrima DC.]
664. Acranthera anamallica Bedd. Rubiaceae
665. Acranthera grandiflora Bedd. Rubiaceae
666. Benkara malabarica (Lam.) Triveng. Rubiaceae Karinkara
[=Randia malabarica Lam.]
667. Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Rubiaceae Karamullu
Alston [=Canthium parviflorum Lam.]
668. Canthium dicoccum (Gaertner) Rubiaceae
Teijsm. & Binnend. var. umbellatum
(Wt.) Sant. & Merch
669. Canthium parviflorum Lam. Rubiaceae Cherukara
670. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Rubiaceae Karachulli
Triveng. [=Randia dumetotum (Retz.)
Poir.]
671. Chasalia ophioxyloides (Wall.) Craib. Rubiaceae
672. Gardenia gummifera L.f. Rubiaceae Somanadikayam
673. Gardenia jasminoides Ell. Rubiaceae
674. Gardenia resinifera Roth. [=Gardenia Rubiaceae Dikamali kayam
lucida Roxb.]
675. Geophila repens (L.) Johnston Rubiaceae Karinkudangali
[Link][=Geophila reniformis Don]
676. Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Rubiaceae Poochakadambu
Mabb. (H. excelsum (Roxb.) Wall. ex
Dc. [=Cinchona orixense Roxb.]
677. Ixora agasthyamalayana Sivadasan & Rubiaceae
[Link]
678. Ixora coccinea L. Rubiaceae Thetty
679. Ixora cuneifolia Roxb. Rubiaceae
680. Ixora finlaysoniana Wall. Rubiaceae
681. Ixora gamblei V.S. Ramac. & V.J. Rubiaceae
Nair
682. Ixora johnsonii Hook.f. Rubiaceae
683. Ixora lanceolaria colebr. Rubiaceae
684. Ixora nigricans ([Link].) Wight & Arn. Rubiaceae Cherukurava
685. Lasianthus rostratus Wight Rubiaceae
686. Lasianthus strigillosus Hook.f. Rubiaceae
61 | P a g e
 687. Mitragyna tubulosa (Arn.) Hav. Rubiaceae Naikadambu
688. Morinda pubescens Smith. Rubiaceae Manjanathi
[=[Link] Roxb.]
689. Gynochthodes ridsdalei Razafim & B. Rubiaceae
Bremer [=Morinda reticulata Gamble]
690. Morinda umbellata L. Rubiaceae
691. Mussaenda frondosa L. Rubiaceae Vellila
692. Ophiorrhiza barberi Gamble Rubiaceae
693. Ophiorrhiza barnesii C E C Fischer Rubiaceae
694. Ophiorrhiza brunonis Wight var Rubiaceae
brunonis
695. Ophiorrhiza brunonis Wight & Arn. Rubiaceae
var johnsoni Hook.f.
696. Ophiorrhiza caudata Fischer Rubiaceae
697. Ophiorrhiza eriantha Wight Rubiaceae
698. Ophiorrhiza incarnata Fischer Rubiaceae
699. Ophiorrhiza mungos L. var mungos Rubiaceae Avilpori
700. Ophiorrhiza mungos L. var Rubiaceae
angustifolia (Thw.) Hook.f.
701. Ophiorrhiza nairii Ramam. & Rajan Rubiaceae
702. Ophiorrhiza nutans C.B. Clarke Rubiaceae
703. Ophiorrhiza pectinata Arn. Rubiaceae
704. Ophiorrhiza rosea Hook.f. Rubiaceae
705. Ophiorrhiza roxburghiana Wight Rubiaceae
706. Ophiorrhiza radicans Gardn. ex Thw. Rubiaceae
707. Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. prostrata Rubiaceae
([Link]) Deb & Mondal
708. Ophiorrhiza schendurunii Shanavas & Rubiaceae
al.
709. Pavetta gardneri Bremek. Rubiaceae
710. Pavetta hispiduala Wight & Arn. Rubiaceae Vellapavetta
711. Pavetta indica L. Rubiaceae Pavetta
712. Pavetta indica L. var . tomentosa Rubiaceae
(Roxb. ex J.E. Smith) Hook.f.
713. Pavetta travancorica Bremek Rubiaceae
714. Psilanthes travancorensis (Wight & Rubiaceae Pushkaramulla
Arn.) Leroy
715. Psilanthus bridsonii Sivaraj. & al. Rubiaceae
716. Psychotria flavida Talb. Rubiaceae
717. Rubia cordifolia L. Rubiaceae Chowvallikodi
718. Tarenna asiatica (L.) O. Ktze. Ex K. Rubiaceae Kuppipoovu
Schum.
719. Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. Rutaceae Verukutheeni
[=Acronychia laurifolia Bl.]
720. Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Rutaceae Koovalam
721. Atalantia monophylla (L.) Corr. Rutaceae Kattunaregam
[=Atalantia malabarica (Rafin.)
Tanaka]
722. Atalantia racemosa Wight & Arn. Rutaceae Kattunaregam
723. Chloroxylon swietenia DC. Rutaceae Punnapaya
62 | P a g e
 724. Citrus reticulata Blanco Rutaceae Orange
725. Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Rutaceae Pottimaram
Benth. [=C. willdenowii Wight
&Arn.]
726. Clausena austro-indica Stone & Nair Rutaceae Kattukariveppu
[=Clausena heptaphylla auct. non
(Roxb.) Wight &Arn.]
727. Clausena indica (Dalz.) Oliver Rutaceae
728. Glycosmis angustifolia Lindley ex Rutaceae
wight & Arn.
729. Glycosmis angustifolia Lindley ex Wt. Rutaceae
& Arn.
Glycosmis mauritiana (Lam.) Tanaka
var. angustifolia (Lindley ex Wt. &
Arn.) Tanaka
730. Glycosmis macrocarpa Wight Rutaceae
731. Glycosmis mauritiana (Lam.) Yuich Rutaceae Panal
[=Limonia mauritiana Lam.]
732. Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. Rutaceae KurumPanal
733. Luvunga eleutherandra Dalz. Rutaceae
734. Melicope lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) Rutaceae Kambili
Hartley
735. Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Rutaceae Kariveppu
736. Murraya paniculata (l.) Jack. Rutaceae
737. Naringi crenulata (Roxb.)Nicholson Rutaceae Vilathi
[=Limonia acidissima L.]
738. Paramignya monophylla Wight Rutaceae
739. Ruta chalepensis L. Rutaceae Shathapoo
740. Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Rutaceae Kakkathudali
741. Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) P. Wils. Rutaceae Narakapuli
742. Vepris bilocularis (Wight & Arn.) Rutaceae Moothshari
Engl.
743. Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. Rutaceae Kothumurikku
744. Meliosma simplicifolia (Roxb. ) Walp. Sabiaceae
745. Azima tetracantha Lam. Salvadoraceae Essanku
746. Santalum album L. Santalaceae Chandanam
747. Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeush. Sapindaceae Mukkannanpezhu
[=Allophyllus rheedei (Wight) Radlk.]
748. Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Sapindaceae Uzhinja
749. Dimocarpus longan Lour. Sapindaceae Chempoovam
[=Nephelium longana (Lam.)Cambess
750. Filicium decipiens ( Wight & Arn) Sapindaceae Neeroli
Thw.
751. Harpulia arborea (Blanco) Radlk. Sapindaceae Puzhukkolli
752. Otonephelium stipulaceum (Bedd.) Sapindaceae
Radlk.
753. Sapindus trifoliata L. [=[Link] Sapindaceae Pashakotta
Vahl.]
754. Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken Sapindaceae Poovam
755. Chrysophyllum roxburghii G. Don Sapotaceae
63 | P a g e
 756. Isonandra lanceolata Wight Sapotaceae
757. Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) Sapotaceae Ilippa
Macbr.
758. Madhuca neeriifolia (Moon) Lam. Sapotaceae Wallangi
759. Manilkara littoralis (Kurz.) Dulbard Sapotaceae
760. Mimusops elengi L. Sapotaceae Elenji
761. Palaquium ellipticum (Dalz.) Baillon Sapotaceae Pali
762. Artanema longifolia (L.) Merr. Scrophulariaceae Nirchulli
[=Artanema sesamoides (Vahl)
Benth.]
763. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Scrophulariaceae Brahmi
764. Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr. Scrophulariaceae Manganari
765. Scoparia dulcis L. Scrophulariaceae Madhura
kozhuppa
766. Torenia travancorica Gamble Scrophulariaceae Kakapuvu
767. Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.)Alston Simaroubaceae Perumaram
[=Ailanthus malabarica DC.]
768. Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. [=Brucea Simaroubaceae
sumatrana Roxb.]
769. Quassia amara L. Simaroubaceae Surinamachedi
770. Quassia indica (Gaertn.) Nooteb. Simaroubaceae Karinjotta
771. Simarouba amara Aubl. [=S. glauca Simaroubaceae Lexmi Tharu
Dc.]
772. Smilax ovalifolia Roxb. Smilacaceae
773. Smilax zeylanica L. Smilacaceae Cheenappavu
774. Brugmansia suaveolens (Hunb. & Solanaceae Maraummam
Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. & Presl.
775. Gauzuma ulmifolia Lam. [=Gauzuma Sterculiaceae Udraksham
tomentosa H.B.K.]
776. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Idampiri valam
piri
777. Heritiera papilio Bedd. Sterculiaceae
778. Heritieria littoralis Dryand Sterculiaceae Kannadiyila
779. Hildegardia populnifolia Schott. & Sterculiaceae
Endl.
780. Kleinhovia hospita L. Sterculiaceae
781. Pterospermum reticulatum Wight & Sterculiaceae
Arn.
782. Pterospermum rubiginosum Heyne ex Sterculiaceae Ellooti
Wt. & Arn
783. Sterculia guttata Roxb. Sterculiaceae Ravanapoo
784. Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Symplocaceae Pachotti
Moore ssp. laurina (Retz.) Nooteb.
[=Myrtus laurinus Lour.]
785. Camellia kissii Wall. Theaceae
786. Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze [=Thea Theaceae Theyila
sinensis L.]
787. Grewia palodensis Santhosh & al. Tiliaceae
788. Grewia tiliiaefolia Roxb. Tiliaceae Unnam
789. Microcos paniculata L. [=Grewia Tiliaceae
64 | P a g e
 microcos L.]
790. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Tiliaceae Oorpam
791. Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn. ssp. Trichopodiaceae Aarogyapacha
travancoricus (Bedd.) Brukill ex
Narayanan
792. Turnera subulata Smith [=Turnera Turneraceae
ulmifolia var. elegans]
793. Celtis cinnamomoea Lindl. Ulmaceae
794. Celtis timorensis Span [=Celtis Ulmaceae Poochakkurumara
cinnamomea Lindl. Ex Planch.] m
795. Holoptelia integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Ulmaceae Aval
796. Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. [=Celtis Ulmaceae Aamathali
orientalis L.]
797. Debregeasia longifolia (Burm.f.) Urticaceae Kattunochi
Wedd. [=D. velutina Gaud.]
798. Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew Urticaceae Anamayakki
[=Laportea crenulata (Roxb.) Gaud.]
799. Elatostema lineolatum var. setosum Urticaceae
A.N. Henry
800. Oreocnide integrifolia (Gaud.) Miq. Urticaceae
[=Villebrunea integrifolia Gaud.]
801. Pellionia heyneana Wedd. Urticaceae
802. Pouzolzia wightii Benn. Urticaceae Parakkozhuppa
803. Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) Murray Verbenaceae Naikumbil
[=Callicarpa lanata L.]
804. Citharexylum spinosum L. [=C. Verbenaceae
subserratum Sw.]
805. Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Verbenaceae Puzha mulla
[=Volkameria nerifolia Roxb.]
806. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Peruvelam
[=Clerodendrum viscosum [Link]
Vent.]
807. Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon Verbenaceae Cheruthekku
808. Clerodendrum paniculatum L. Verbenaceae
809. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Kumbil
810. Gmelina asiatica L. Verbenaceae Neelakumumizhu
811. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Poochedi
812. Premna glaberrima Wight Verbenaceae
813. Premna mollissima Roth [=Premna Verbenaceae Knappa
latifolia Roxb.]
814. Premna paucinervis (C.B. Cl.) Verbenaceae
Gamble
815. Premna serratifolia L. Verbenaceae Kozhichedi
816. Sphenodesma paniculata C. B Clarke Verbenaceae Njarambodal
817. Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Verbenaceae
Schauer
818. Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl Verbenaceae Nilampuli
819. Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl. Verbenaceae
820. Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Tekku
821. Vitex altissima L.f. Verbenaceae Mayila
65 | P a g e
 822. Vitex leucoxylon L.f. Verbenaceae Aattunochi
823. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Karunochi
824. Vitex pinnata L. [=V. pubescensVahl] Verbenaceae Aattumayila
825. Vitex trifolia L. Verbenaceae Vellanochi
826. Ampelocissus indica (L.) Planchon Vitaceae
827. Cayratia pedata (Lam.) A. Juss ex Vitaceae Chorivalli
Gagnep [=Vitis pedata (Lam.) Wall ex
Wight]
828. Cissus quandrangularis L. [=Vitis Vitaceae Changalamparand
quadrangularis (L.) Wall. Ex Wight] a
829. Cissus vitiginea L. Vitaceae Kattumunthiri
830. Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Vitaceae Valiya chorivalli
Alston ex Mabb.
831. Alpinia calcarata Rosc. Zingiberaceae Kolinchi
832. Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Rosc. Zingiberaceae
833. Amomum muricatum Bedd. Zingiberaceae
834. Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae Manjal
835. Curcuma pseudomontana Graham Zingiberaceae Kattumanjal
[=Curcuma Montana sensu Baker]
836. Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Zingiberaceae Elom
837. Hedychium coronarium J. Koen. Zingiberaceae Kalyana
sowgandhikam
838. Honstedtia fenzelii (Kurz.) K. Schum. Zingiberaceae
839. Kaempferia galanga L. Zingiberaceae Kacholam
840. Kaempferia rotunda L. Zingiberaceae
841. Zingiber officinale L. Zingiberaceae Inchi
842. Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm. Zingiberaceae Kattinchi
843. Zingiber neesanum (J. Graham) Zingiberaceae
Ramam.

66 | P a g e
 Appendix 2

PLANTS AT ENDEMIC AND THREATENED PLANTS CONSERVATORY

Sl. Name of genera Family Distribution

No
1. Acranthera anamallica Bedd. Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
2. Acranthera grandiflora Bedd. Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
3. Acrotrema agasthyamalayanum Dilleniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Santhosh & al.
4. Acrotrema arnottianum Wight Dilleniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
5. Acrotrema uniflorum Hook. var Dilleniaceae South India and Sri Lanka
uniflorum
6. Actinodaphne campanulata Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Hook.f. var. campanulata
7. Actinodaphne campanulata Hook.f. Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
var. obtusa Gamble
8. Actinodaphne malabarica Balakr. Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
9. Actinodaphne quinqueflora Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
(Dennst.) M.R. & S.M. Almeida
10. Adhatoda beddomei C.B. Clarke Araceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
11. Agasthyamalaia pauciflorum Clusiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
(Bedd.) Rajk. & Janan.
12. Aglaia simplicifolia (Bedd.) Harms Meliaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
13. Amomum muricatum Bedd. Zingiberaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
14. Amorphophalus bonaccordensis Araceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Sivadasan & Mohanan
15. Ampelocissus arnottiana Planchon Vitaceae Sri Lanka & Peninsular India
16. Anacolosa densiflora Bedd. Olacaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
17. Anaphyllum beddomei Engl. Araceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
18. Anaphyllum wightii Schott. Araceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
19. Anaxagoria luzonensis [Link] Annonaceae Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malay
Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Indo-
China and Philippines
20. Antidesma keralense Chakrab. & Euphorbiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Gangop.
21. Antistrophe glabra A.G. Pandur. & Myrsinaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
V.J. nair
22. Antistrophe serratifolia (Bedd.) Myrsinaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Hook.f.
23. Aporusa acuminata Thwaites Euphorbiaceae South India and Sri Lanka
24. Ardisia pauciflora Heyne ex Roxb. Myrsinaceae South India and Sri Lanka
25. Ardisia rhomboidea Wight Myrsinaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
26. Areca triandra Roxb. Arecaceae India and South East Asia
27. Aristolochia krisagathra Sivarajan Aristolochiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
& Pradeep
28. Aristolochia tagala Cham. Indo-Malesia and China
29. Barleria courtallica Nees Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
30. Begonia floccifera Bedd. Begoniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
67 | P a g e
 31. Begonia malabarica Lamk. Begoniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
32. Begonia albo-coccinea Hook. Begoniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
33. Begonia arnottiana (Wt.) [Link] Begoniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
34. Begonia fallax DC. Begoniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
35. Begonia malabarica Lam. Begoniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
36. Bentinckia condapanna A. Berry Arecaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
ex Roxb.
37. Biophytum congestiflorum Govind. Oxalidaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
38. Biophytum veldkampii Shanavas & Oxalidaceae Endemic to Kerala
al.
39. Buchanania barberi Gamble Anacardiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
40. Buchanania lanceolata Wight Anacardiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
41. Calamus andamanicus Kurz Arecaceae Endemic to Andaman and
Nicobar Isalnds
42. Calophyllum apetalum Willd. Clusiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
43. Camellia kissii Wall. Theaceae Nepal, India, Bhutan, Indochina,
and South China.
44. Canarium strictum Roxb. Burseraceae India, Upper Myanmar
45. Canthium pergracile Bourd. Rubiaceae India and Sri Lanka
46. Casearia wynadensis Bedd. Flacourtiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
47. Casearia zeylanica (Gardener) Flacourtiaceae India and Sri Lanka
Thw.
48. Celastrus paniculatus Willd Celastraceae South Asia & Australia
49. Chonemorpha fragrans (Moon) Apocynaceae India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar &
Alston Andaman and Nicobar Islands
50. Cinnamomum chemunjianum Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Mohanan & Henry
51. Cinnamomum cuspidatum Nees Lauraceae India and Malesia
52. Cinnamomum filipedicellatum Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Kosterm.
53. Cinnamomum heyneanum Nees Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
54. Cinnamomum malabatrum (Bum.f.) Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Blume
55. Cinnamomum sulphuratum Nees Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
56. Clausena austroindica Stone & Rutaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
K.N. Nair
57. Clausena indica (Dalz.) Oliver Rutaceae India and Sri Lanka
58. Clematis munroiana Wight Ranunculaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
59. Colubrina travancorica Bedd. Celastraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
60. Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Menispermaceae Indo-Malesia
Colebr.
61. Croton malabaricus Bedd. Euphorbiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
62. Decalepis arayalpathra (Joseph & Asclepiadaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Chandras.) Venter [=Janakia
arayalpathra Joseph &
[Link].]
63. Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Liliaceae Tropical Asia, Africa, Southern
[=[Link] Lam.] China
64. Didymocarpus gambleanus Fishcer Gesneriaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
65. Didymocarpus innominatus B.L. Gesneriaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
68 | P a g e
 Burtt.
66. Didymocarpus meeboldii W. Sm. & Gesneriaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Ramam.
67. Didymocarpus ovalifolia Wight Gesneriaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
68. Didymocarpus repens Bedd. Gesneriaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
69. Dillenia bracteata Wight Dilleniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
70. Dioscorea wightii Hook.f. Dioscoreaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
71. Dioscorea belophylla Voigt Dioscoreaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
72. Diospyros pilosiuscula G. Don var Ebenaceae Andaman and Nicobar Islands
andamanensis (Jayaraman &
Nayar) V Singh
73. Dracaena brachyphylla Kurz. Liliaceae Andaman and Nicobar Islands
74. Drypetes malabarica (Bedd.) Airy Euphorbiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Shaw
75. Dysoxylum beddomei Gamble Meliaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
76. Dysoxylum ficiforme Wight Meliaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
77. Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex Meliaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Hieron
78. Elaeocarpus munronii (Wight) Elaeocarpaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Masters
79. Elatostema lineolatum var. setosum Urticaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
A.N. Henry
80. Elatostemma lineolatum Wight Urticaceae India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka
81. Elatostemma lineolatum Wight var Urticaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
setosum Henry
82. Elatostemma surculosum Wight Urticaceae India and Sri Lanka
83. Embelia ribes Burm.f. Myrsinaceae Indo-Malesia and South China
84. Erythropalum populifolium (Arn.) Olacaceae Indo-Malesia to South West
Masters China and Celebes
85. Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. Erythroxylaceae India and Sri Lanka
86. Eugenia argentea Bedd. Myrtaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
87. Eugenia rottleriana Wight & Arn. Myrtaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
88. Eulophia andamanensis Orchidaceae Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Reichenb.f.
89. Eulophia macrostachya Lindley Orchidaceae Widespread from Madagascar to
the Pacific Islands
90. Garcinia imbertii Bourd. Clusiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
91. Garcinia morella (Gaertner) Desr. Clusiaceae Indo-Malesia
92. Glycosmis angustifolia Lindley ex Rutaceae India and Sri Lanka
wight & Arn.
93. Glycosmis macrocarpa Wight Rutaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
94. Glyptopetalum grandiflorum Bedd. Celastraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
95. Gomphostemma eriocarpon Benth. Lamiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
96. Gomphostemma keralensis Vivek, Lamiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Gopalan & R Ansari
97. Goniothalamus wightii Hook.f.& Annonaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Thomson
98. Goniothalamus wynaadensis Annonaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
(Bedd.) Bedd.
99. Grewia palodensis Santhosh & al. Tiliaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
69 | P a g e
 100. Gymnostachyum canescens (Nees) Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
[Link]
101. Gymnostachyum febrifugum Benth. Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
102. Hedyotis swertiodes Hook.f. Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
103. Heritiera papilio Bedd. Sterculiaceae India and Bangladesh
104. Honstedtia fenzelii (Kurz.) K. Zingiberaceae Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Schum.
105. Hopea parviflora Bedd. Dipterocarpacea Endemic to the Western Ghats
e
106. Humboldtia decurrens Bedd. ex Caesalpiniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Oliver
107. Humboldtia bourdillonii Prain Caesalpiniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
108. Humboldtia brunonis Wall. Caesalpiniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
109. Humboldtia vahliana Wight Caesalpiniaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
110. Isonandra lanceolata Wight Sapotaceae South India and Sri Lanka
111. Ixora agasthyamalayana Sivadasan Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
& [Link]
112. Ixora cuneifolia Roxb. Rubiaceae Endemic to the Peninsular India
113. Ixora gamblei V.S. Ramac. & V.J. Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Nair
114. Ixora johnsonii Hook.f. Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
115. Jasminum caudatum Wall ex Lindl. Oleaceae India, Bangladesh, Nepal,
Bhutan
116. Jasminum flexile Vahl var. Oleaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
travancorense Gamble
117. Jasminum flexile Vahl. Var. ovata Oleaceae India, Bangladesh
C.B. Clarke
118. Julostylis polyandra Ravi & Anil Malvaceaea Endemic to the Western Ghats
Kumar
119. Justicia gingiana Sebastine & Acanthaceae Endemic to south India
Ramam
120. Justicia montana (Nees)Wallich ex Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
[Link]
121. Kaempferia galanga L. Zingiberaceae Paleotropics
122. Kaempferia rotunda L. Zingiberaceae Indo-Malesia
123. Knema attenuata (Wallich ex Myristicaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Hook.f.&Thomson) Warb.
124. Korthalsia rogersii Becc. Arecaceae India
125. Kunstleria keralensis C.N. Fabaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Mohanan & N.C Nair
126. Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wight Lythraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
127. Leptostachya wallichii Nees Acanthaceae India, South East Asia
128. Litsea beddomei Hook.f. Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
129. Litsea beei Mohanan & Santhosh Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
130. Litsea travancorica Gamble Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
131. Luvunga eleutherandra Dalz. Rutaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
132. Maesa velutina Mez. Myrsinaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
133. Mahonia leschnaultii (Wallich ex Berberidaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Wight & Arn.) Takeda ex Gamble
134. Mallotus philippinensis var. Euphorbiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
70 | P a g e
 tomentosus Gamble
135. Mallotus stenanthus Muell.-Arg. Euphorbiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
136. Mangifera andamanica King. Anacardiaceae Andaman and Nicobar Islands
137. Mangifera camptoserma Pierre Anacardiaceae Andaman and Nicobar Islands
138. Manilkara littoralis (Kurz.) Sapotaceae Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Dulbard
139. Mastixia arborea (Wight) Bedd. Cornaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
ssp arborea
140. Medinella anamalaiana Sasi & Melastomataceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Sujan.
141. Medinella anamalaiana Sasidharan Melastomataceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
& Sujanapal
142. Meiogyne ramarowii (Dunn) Annonaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Gandhi
143. Meliosma simplicifolia (Roxb. ) Sabiaceae Indo-Malesia and China
Walp.
144. Memecylon clarkeanum Cogn. Memecylaceae South India and Sri Lanka
145. Memecylon grande Retz. Melastomataceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
146. Memecylon heyneanum Benth ex Melastomataceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Wight & Arn.
147. Memecylon sivadasanii N. Memecylaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Mohanan & al.
148. Mesua ferrea L. var. Clusiaceae Indo-Malesia
coromandeliana
149. Miquelia dentata Bedd. Icacinaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
150. Morinda reticulata Gamble Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
151. Myristica andamanica Hook.f. Myristicaceae Andaman and Nicobar Islands
152. Myristica fatua var. magnifica Myristicaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
(Bedd.) Sinclair
153. Neolitsea fischeri Gamble Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
154. Neolitsea scrobiculata (Meissner) Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Gamble
155. Nervilia crociformis (Zon & Merr.) Orchidaceae Indo-Malesia, China, New
Seiden. Guinea & Australia
156. Nothopegia aureo-fulva Bedd. ex Anacardiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Hook.f.
157. Nothopegia colebrookeana (Wight Anacardiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
) Blume
158. Ophiorrhiza barberi Gamble Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
159. Ophiorrhiza eriantha Wight Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
160. Ophiorrhiza nairii Ramam. & Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Rajan
161. Ophiorrhiza pectinata Arn. Rubiaceae South India and Sri Lanka
162. Ophiorrhiza roxburghiana Wight Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
163. Ophiorrhiza schendurunii Shanavas Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
& al.
164. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. Bignoniaceae South India and Sri Lanka
165. Osbeckia aspera var. travancorica Melastomataceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
(Bedd. ex Gamble)
166. Otonephelium stipulaceum (Bedd.) Sapindaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats to
71 | P a g e
 Radlk. P India
167. Pandanus thwaitesii [Link] Pandanaceae South India
168. Pavetta breviflora DC. Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
169. Pavetta gardneri Bremek. Rubiaceae South India and Sri Lanka
170. Pavetta indica L. var. indica Rubiaceae India
171. Phaeanthus malabaricus Bedd. Annonaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
172. Phobe wightii Meissn. Lauraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
173. Phoenix humilis Royle ex Becc. & Arecaceae India, China, Laos, Cambodia,
Hook. var. pedunculata (Griff.) Vietnam, Myanmar
Becc.
174. Phrynium pubinerve Blume Marantaceae India, Sri Lanka & Malesia
[=Phrynium capitatum Willd.]
175. Phyllanthus gageanus (Gamble) Euphorbiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
[Link]
176. Pinaga andamanensis Becc. Arecaceae
177. Piper barberi Gamble Piperaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
178. Piper ribesioides Wall. Piperaceae India and Malesia
179. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Piperaceae India
180. Plectranthus malabaricus (Benth.) Lamiaceae India and Sri Lanka
R.H. Willemse [=Coleus
malabaricus Benth.]
181. Poeciloneuron indicum Bedd. Clusiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
182. Popowia beddomeana Hook.f.& Annonaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Thomson
183. Premna glaberiima C.B. Clarke Verbenaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
184. Premna paucinervis (C.B. Cl.) Verbenaceae Endemic to south India
Gamble
185. Pseuderanthemum malabaricum Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
(C.B. Clarke) Gamble
186. Pseuderanthemum malabaricum Acanthaceae Peninsular India and Sri Lanka
([Link]) Gamble
187. Psilanthes travancorensis ( Wight Rubiaceae India and Sri Lanka
& Arn.) Leroy [=Coffea
travancorensis Wight & Arn.]
188. Psychotria flavida Talbot Rubiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
189. Pterocarpus dalbergioides Roxb. Fabaceae Andaman Islands
ex DC.
190. Pterospermum reticulatum Wight Sterculiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
& Arn.
191. Pterospermum rubiginosum Heyne Sterculiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
ex Wight & Arn.
192. Rauvolfia hookeri Srinivas. & Apocynaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Chitra
193. Rauvolfia micrantha Hook.f. Apocynaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
194. Reinwardtiodendron anamalaiense Meliaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
(Bedd.) Mabb.
195. Rophaloblaste angustata (Kurz) Areacaceae Nicobar islands
Moore
196. Rotula aquatica Lour. Boraginaceae Pantropical
197. Salacia beddomei Gamble Celastraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
72 | P a g e
 198. Salacia malabarica Gamble Celastraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
199. Salacia oblonga Wall. ex Wight & Hippocrateaceae India and Sri Lanka
Arn
200. Schefflera bourdillonii Gamble Araliaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
201. Schefflera wallichiana (Wight & Araliaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Arn.) Harms
202. Semecarpus auriculata Bedd. Anacardiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
203. Semecarpus travancorica Bedd. Anacardiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
204. Smilax ovalifolia Roxb. Smilacaceae
205. Sonerila barnesii C.E.C. Fischer Melastomataceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
206. Stachyphrynium spicatum (Roxb.) Marantaceae South India and Sri Lanka
Schumann
207. Stenosiphonium setosum T. And. Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
208. Strobilanthes anamallaica J. R. I. Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Wood
209. Strobilanthes aurita J R I Wood Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
210. Strobilanthes barbatus Nees var. Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
barbatus
211. Strobilanthes barbatus var. Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
bonaccordensis Santhosh & Raj
Vik.
212. Strobilanthes ciliatus Nees Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
213. Strobilanthes cuspidatus (Benth.) Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
[Link]
214. Strobilanthes decurrens Nees Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
215. Strobilanthes dupeni Bedd ex Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Clarke
216. Strobilanthes foliosa Nees Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
217. Strobilanthes glandulosa (T. Acanthaceae Andaman and Nicobar islands
Anderson) Kurz
218. Strobilanthes hamiltoniana (Steud.) Acanthaceae India, Sri Lanka
Bosser & Heyne
219. Strobilanthes homotropus Nees Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
220. Strobilanthes kunthianus (Nees) Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
[Link].
221. Strobilanthes lawsonii Gamble Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
222. Strobilanthes pushpangadanii Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Santhosh & al.
223. Strobilanthes rubicundus (Nees) Acanthaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
T. And.
224. Strychnos aenea Hill Loganiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
225. Syzygium arnottianum Walp. Myrtaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
226. Syzygium bourdillonii Gamble Myrtaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
227. Syzygium laetum (Buch.-Ham.) Myrtaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Gandhi
228. Syzygium megacarpum (Craib) Myrtaceae India
Rathakr. & N.C. Nair
229. Syzygium occidentale (Bourd.) Myrtaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Gandhi
230. Syzygium palodense Shareef & al. Myrtaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
73 | P a g e
 231. Tabernaemontana gamblei Apocynaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Subram. & A.N. Henry
232. Terminalia procera Roxb. Combretaceae India
233. Thottea barberi (Gamble) Ding Aristolochiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Hou
234. Thottea dinghoui Swarup Aristolochiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
235. Thottea duchartrei Sivarajan & al. Aristolochiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
236. Thottea idukkiana Aristolochiaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
[Link] & V.J. Nair
237. Thottea siliquosa (Lam.)Ding Hou Aristolochiaceae India and Sri Lanka
238. Vateria indica L. Dipterocarpacea Endemic to the Western Ghats
e
239. Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn. Rhamnaceae
240. Vepris bilocularis (Wight & Arn.) Rutaceae Endemic to the Western Ghats
Engl.
241. Vernonia travancorica Bedd. Asteraceae Endemic to the Western Ghats

74 | P a g e
 RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS (2006-2013)

BOOK PUBLISHED
1. Santhosh Kumar E.S. and S.S. Yeragi 2012. Flora of the Sacred
Groves of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala state, India. LAP
LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH & Co. KG. Heinrich-Bocking
Str. 6-8, Saarbrucken, Germany. Pp.557. ISBN. 978-3-659-
15670-0.
2. Pandurangan A.G, E.S. Santhosh Kumar and Lakhwinder Singh
2010. Trade Regulation and Conservation of Medicinal Plants in
Kerala. Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute and
Kerala Forest Department, Thiruvananthapuram, pp.130.

RESEARCH PAPERS PUBLISHED

2006
1. Sabeena A, Asmitha Mestry and E.S. Santhosh Kumar
2006. Taxonomic status of Jasminum flexile Vahl var.
ovatum Clarke (Oleaceae). Journal of Economic and
Taxonomic Botany.30(4): 881-884.
2007
2. Santhosh Kumar E.S., Mathew Dan and G.M. Nair 2007. A
new species of Acrotrema Jack.. (Dilleniaceae) from India.
Nordic Journal of Botany.24 (5): 543-545.
3. Santhosh Kumar E.S., Seema G. Gopal and G.M. Nair
2007. Jasminum caudatum Wall. ex Lindl. (Oleaceae)- A New
Record for Peninsular India. Journal of Economic and
Taxonomic Botany.31(2):411-413.
4. Geetha Kumary M.P., Santhosh Kumar E.S., and A.G.
Pandurangan 2007. Cinnamomum dubium Bl. (Lauraceae) –a
new record for India. Indian Journal of Forestry. 30(1): 73-
74.

75 | P a g e
 5. Sabeena A., Asmitha. Meistry, A M Mulani, E. S. Santhosh
Kumar and N T Sibin 2007. A new species of Jasminum L.
(Oleaceae) from Kerala, India. Indian Journal of Forestry
30(1): 123-125.
6. Santhosh Kumar E.S. 2007. Begonia dipetala [Link]
hydrophila (C.B. Clarke) Santhosh & Seema – a little known
endemic species of the Western Ghats of India. Begonian 74
(Nov.-Dec): 223-224.
7. Joemon Jacob, K.C. Kariyappa, E.S. Santhosh Kumar and
N. Mohanan 2007. Corypha umbraculifera Linn. – A fast
depleting palm of South India. Journal of Non-Timber Forest
Products 14(1): 79-80.
2008
8. Geethakumar M P., E.S. Santhosh Kumar and A.G.
Pandurangan 2008. A new variety of Phyllocephalum
rangacharii (Gamble) Narayana (Asteraceae) from Kerala,
India. Indian Journal of Forestry. 31(1): 119-120.
9. Raju Antony, E.S. Santhosh Kumar and Cheriyan P Koshy
2008. Asplenium grevellei Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.
(Aspleniaceae) – An endangered spleen wort. Journal of
Economic and Taxonomic Botany. 32(3): 544-546.
10. Santhosh Kumar E.S., K. Rathakrishnan, C.
Kunhikannan, J.F. Veldkamp and C.N. Mohanan 2008.
Rediscovery of Maesa velutina Mez.
(Myrsinaceae/Maesaceae) – An endemic and endangered
species of the Western Ghats. Rheedea 18(1): 39-42.
2010
11. Shareef S.M., M.P. Geetha Kumary, E.S. Santhosh
Kumar and [Link]. 2010. Syzygium claviflorum
(Myrtaceae) – a new record for south India. Rheedea 20 (1):
53-55.

76 | P a g e
 12. Shaju T., P.K. Shaji, M.P. Geetha Kumary and E.S.
Santhosh Kumar 2010. Begonia tenera Dryander: A new
report for India. The Begonian 77(July/Aug.) 129-131.
13. Deepthi Kumary K.P., Santhosh Kumar E.S. and A.G.
Pandurangan 2010. Rediscovery of Sonerila devicolamensis
Nayar (Melastomataceae), an endemic, endangered species
of the Western Ghats. Indian Journal of Forestry. 33(2): 247-
248.
14. Viji, A.R., J. S. Suja, T. Shaju, A.G. Pandurangan and E.S.
Santhosh Kumar 2010. Rediscovery of a forgotten sedge
Rhynchospora submarginata Kuekenth. (Cyperaceae) from
Kerala, India. Indian Journal of Forestry 33 (2): 285-288.
15. Geetha Kumary M.P., A.G. Pandurangan, Santhosh
Kumar E.S., and T. Shaju 2010. On the occurrence and
phytogeographical significance of three little known flowering
plants of the Southern Western Ghats. Indian Journal of
Forestry. 33(1): 127-130.
2011
16. Santhosh Kumar E.S., S.M. Shareef and P.E. Roy 2011.
Rediscovery and lectotypification of Eugenia argentea
Gamble (Myrtaceae)- an endemic and endangered species of
the Western Ghats. Journal of Scientific Research 3 (1): 213-
216.
17. Santhosh Kumar E.S., M.P. Geethakumary and A.G.
Pandurangan 2011. Cinnamomum alexei Kosterm.
(Lauraceae)- A New Record for India. Bangladesh Journal of
Plant Taxonomy 18(2): 199-201.
18. S.M. Shareef , E.S. Santhosh Kumar and P.E. Roy 2011.
A new variety of Eugenia terpnophylla Thw. (Myrtaceae)
from Kerala India. Nordic Journal of Botany 29: 455-457.
19. Santhosh Kumar E. S., P.E. Roy, N.B. Renjith and
Mathew Dan 2011. Acrotrema uniflorum Hook. var. uniflorum

77 | P a g e
 ( Dilleniaceae) – A new record for India. Rheedea 21(2) :
167-169.
20. Santhosh Kumar E. S. and Anil John 2011. Discovery of
Pittosporum viridulum Nayar & al. (Pittosporaceae) from
Kerala and a note on their undescribed flowers. Indian
Journal of Forestry. 34(2): 175-176.
2012
21. Santhosh Kumar E. S. and P.E. Roy 2012. Begonia
aliciae C.E.C. Fischer – A little known critically endangered
species of the Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. The
Begonian 79 (January/February): 16-17.
22. Santhosh Kumar E. S. and Sam P. Mathew 2012.
Rediscovery of Begonia arnottiana (Wight) [Link]. – A little
known south Indian endemic species. The Begonian 79
(March/April): 71-75.
23. Santhosh Kumar E.S., Roy P.E., S. M. Shareef and S.S.
Usha 2012. Rediscovery of Uniyala multibracteata (Gamble)
H. Rob & Skvarla (Asteraceae) from the southern Western
Ghats. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4(5): 2587-2589.
24. Shareef S.M. , Santhosh Kumar E.S. and Roy P.E.2012.
Syzygium fergusonii (Trimen) Gamble (Myrtaceae) – A New
Record for Kerala. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic
Botany. 36(2): 379-380.
25. Sivu A. R., Ratheesh Narayanan, E.S. Santhosh Kumar,
K.A. Sujana, N. Anil Kumar , N.S. Pradeep and A.G.
Pandurangan 2012. Memecylon clarkeanum Cogn.
(Melastomataceae)- a threatened species, new record for
India. Taiwania 57(3): 327-330.
26. Shareef, S.M., E.S. Santhosh Kumar and T Shaju 2012.
A New species of Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from the southern
Western Ghats of Kerala, India. Phytotaxa 71: 28-33.

78 | P a g e
 27. Santhosh Kumar E.S., A.G. Pandurangan and Roy P.E.
2012. A Taxonomic note on Impatiens disotis Hooker, 1906
(Family: Balsaminaceae). Taprobanica 4(2): 118-119. 2 pls.
28. Geethakumary M.P., A.G. Pandurangan and E.S.
Santhosh Kumar 2012. Cinnamomum litseaefolium
(Lauraceae) – A new distributional record for India. Rheedea
22(2): 127-130.
2013
29. Pandurangan A.G., Geethakumary M.P. and E.S.
Santhosh Kumar 2013. Begonia hirtella Link: A fast
naturalized Tropical American Begonia from India. The
Begonian 80(Jan/Feb): 22-24
30. Sam [Link], E.S. Santhosh Kumar and C. Murugan
2013. Natural History of Begonia andamensis- an
endangered wild Begonia from Andaman islands in the Bay of
Bengal. Begonia Australis 23(1): 37-39.
31. Santhosh Kumar E.S., P.E. Roy and S.M. Shareef 2013.
Rediscovery of Ophiorrhiza barnesii C.E.C. Fischer
(Rubiaceae) from the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India.
Journal of Threatened Taxa 5 (7): 4115-4117.
32. Santhosh Kumar E.S., S. Shailaja Kumari and P.E. Roy
2013. Rediscovery of Ophiorrhiza radicans (Rubiaceae) from
the southern Western Ghats, India. Taprobanica 5 (1): 69-
70, 2 pls.
33. Santhosh Kumar E.S. and Sam P Mathew. 2013. Piper
velayudhanii (Piperaceae), a new name for P. pseudonigrum
Velay. & Amalraj. Journal of Scientific Research 5 (3), 579-
580.
34. Shareef S.M., Santhosh Kumar E.S. and P.E. Roy 2013.
A new species of Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from Kerala, India.
Phytotaxa 129(1): 34-38.

79 | P a g e

View publication stats