Fe Unit-3 a Input Output i ‘ ‘the anpet-oubpud subsystem. of a comput referred 09 Yo , provides an efftclent mode, of conmunteatton behocera. Aha, cenberl oyster ard oulsrde hore Data and pregeans “ul be aie tbo te Computen's Wlemion| -for procosaing ahd reaull: of compubeblons me be dtsplearyed sho “An . h hts 1 le woth. tucks of | dffoord posphol devrces, . feiphoral devtce+ Typed ov oudpuct eleviews, alllached fo comple. ae ~callal perpheral’ clevtees .these clevices provide an. cfficiond node Communication. hehueer he cenberl syslernarnf the sulstle convene, Snpul devices > Heyboord mouse ele Output devices 5 Piaf lox ele Tnpub-Oulpud devee">Nen “ee @Tuput Ould Trferface /TO Tikyface:- Input Out tnbeace provides ardhod for Aransfoing snferrmatan beboeen “avlomal abooge and extonal 1/0 denies, jeep ae — the. cormputer and ponphoral Data transfor rude erpherals 32 alow than Some uy, Shonceke Pea i abet Hay thd ¢ 1-80 th Operating modes of perrpherals ave ch peryphera 812 differerd eo each oben an each mgt be controlled 50 ag not ps tefl othe. d ) Date codes and formake m perphesale diff. from Le, woe fomod *n CP and memary. nm Popherals aru elechormechanical and ebeclrorna ele dleviceg and gre of spot +13 different. fom help ww beh a : |5/0 Bus ad Trbefce Mrdlei Ef fetpherals connected to ule reed spectal communt ¥ slndk Po ankes face wth cute apectal rm called 1/0 bug aveda bus froceséar| cares, but Herfacel Tnterfa = - Connect 1/0 bus 40 TO deveeg >To ute et Processor #8 attacked ball pouphoral trber faces, > Yo bus onside of cata Lue, address Aineg and control Smeg, PP communteate wrth ov partteular alevtee,, the processar places Q dlevtce addbess on. the , Snlerace vedi assoer ber fe er fppheal ss Funcliong: ended the device address , eis the T/0 commands. Pov al 2 8 Te ge ae eri conbraller.. PStipervices the transfer sale ‘beboeen peupheral and CPU, QILO Commands:— The, funchm code provided. by processor 1 control Ipno 38 called Ye onmana. There. are. 4 pes of commante hat avn seberface 3) Conllol, command apa Pe actoe te perpheral ard to safer by Shalus command-> Used to feat various sfodus conditions an Hho. } Anlocface. and pe phoals. £19 0%. during data. transfor ala 4 wee vo success | ‘Dake cutout conmand—>Causes tho. In the clade. | ” the bug, and saves tb lo the tulaace oder fol eS nest _ © - ne &. Yo ss eats oe ted se. buses iC pq Ore ree Ways uses can be do Pe ale votth. mmm and ap! @),Use. 400 seperate buses, one-for memeny and anobher. for T/0, . b>. Use one common. bus for cohol ee ee ek both memngy and. Yo but have sepercche ©). Use ane common bus for memap| and HO wthh common— me. ® Isolated T/0 vs Memos) Mapped 1/0: Isolled 1/0 CPU thos dishincl anput ord, output 08 well 23 mr gnstruction, > Srshindd address space for I/O and memory operation Address space, fer H/o > The septal deve oles te Ae Space. far memory. “> For appleathn eed ace tne U8 money x abbced, St ec pl to allel Memo — Mapped, YO >No distinc Tz, chi SNe dished el ey table Yor ZA Z addess space . => the device. isle, 2g 46-bef. > Tt take ory ome part of nomen not conplele MB -rromoy, Maximum number of 0 cleviees are 65536, ses@. Asynchronous Dale Transfer:- . " J General wmwuutcation. sn belweev. CPU and. peal! erformed SA ere Tn ahs nods, of Hangfn oe sh d corked a tobe stranemibled. bebween the corm und do andtzate the trme ot which dada +2 betyy shransmtt i > Por this we have two ‘approach: é bees 0d Book sh Ms mbhod, Shee. Method: Saxe jes Deslinalion Block, cliagram gay [evel sete | Thenng degre EN : . Bg. Saree thle strobe fer deta, Aransfer : - Dota bus Uni > strsbe Block diagram ae a | cee Trming ai nthe ok a, diel perc Tce ete ta to cache at “ln, that wos shel foi ackally placed dle a nie er, he Source untl how, |Destrnab en ond.~ Hand Mebhocl 7 lake of stobe_mubhod, Source. Disable dada valed » Howaledabe dale on by, Tip, Somnce—srthabed trang. usg Aaa jeate be “ o See Date valt Ready fer clades Block, lingam Ready fr lake Dota valed Lo dale bug ils)- cep cada fom bi Sequence. f Bends - “ Destinabion—mstinted transfor. usteg handshaking. ea Trans$ ee fon pepo cu b-bd i m one of the fellactng threo, osstble modes, - | a) Programmed, harmed a operactions are. the vegull of . = anstructiog uvedden $n. computer, program, Tn this method 3 a T/0 device does net rave drrced abrcose to amoy. TL regulres i censhally menttortng of 2/0 clevtce. rt 28 4effrioet use of OU, , : systere bus Fephet _fa_ programmed Yo. bh A —anttialed YO Thia mede, of transfer uses the relenupt facility. In tha method, CPU cloesned menttor pertphaals, 7/0 clevices genvrake tmfemupt signal #0CPU ushen sf 3a. clada, transfor. One mlenupl Stomal. $8 recetvtelby CPL, tan 4 Shops ids onacts task and brah 40 T5R to serve I/0 devteeg After sewrnd T/p clevtee CPU reaumes -f4s preying. ob TH 18 ofc wseet “ep ” P 3chdrrecd A Access (9MA)> Th 49 vo ‘ugehil for bulk dade transfor. e dade. Seonshr. on bebveon. rmemars{ and, harddrck, © Data “anc. beboeare peripherals ard rrernony takes place. . without the tnvolvemarl'o? cpu, Lig. DMA (‘Drecl Merogy Access) @- Prod, Ty ts . | BH cae PO handle srmullenene inlomupl fom tffersnl aleornupl i hen [euesben may be. asked, m Leg vagy I. L fom | As: Avo aye ann dliflvend a anh a sh alenng ooh @) Soflword appoachs > Felling precdwe. b) Herdooe approach: > Dats —Chainleg macbhod | _ plellel Rowthy “bene method, L i Bling procedyne /method—> A polling procedure 13 used £0 deny de “highesd —prlor ty Source by software means, In this method there 48 commen bvanch adekess for al wntemupds. The Hhed Lakes Cone of infomupts begmns al the branch address and pells the, fndonupt “sources am Ysequence.. he order in vihtch, they are, tesled delowmmnes the prievty of each trctomupt. The hi cbt prlort source 98 ested tryst sand 42 ads sot ta de Stace tac, Gee mle fs ested and so on.3 Doatgy Chain! ey chang mele fehl Sdorfly consists fl ee doy of gy dextog th 1128 f fe ob. The device. wk ‘he hafes! pad dg le ; om 0: thon, eA wort: vhceS the, he rh wh aastest eter shih 1 ples ced ood ay He chain. Ths mobhod of connec: RO. Lehoean Lee devices and the cpu 4g ag chown below,” hlovupt acknowledge dig. Dotey—Chatr. Prerthy Tedoshus Rach i has os rate m (px) and prerthy out (PO). Also # prvide address (vad) Ao Oo dak bus. # Pavalle) fake 7 eh Methods 1b she the parallel, pret Sndomuph method uses a, reatster whose bt: are sel separat the avtomupt st ia) Reorths 23 fen {ed rovdtg to ye ‘rem. cath device ' Neptston, aed eo He fe Sotto he bee rn fhe aN uy, Wide. 5 EE tt 3B Us Mae a ae pol 9 =] a ne 7 “l TEn->Trderups able. D- tilenupk di s81—> Inlomups stables flip-flop. beret erkL . DMA and Lor: Saye s i Memony Access (DMA). Direct, Mer Aeste wy prowess tor dota, tensfor loeboeen mewn , a he an extemal ctreutl called DMA len, wh e aN t of CPU. i : Unvelvemend wy bo Me dale. ak tampa ero for compl, : 48 wocessed by the CPU, lat come. vo: "4 y bi “A sed. by another clevice. In these sizuations Dp oan cove, Pees dtm ba more. efficient woy dormove. can save. |proceg ott an ¥ oo r< lata, nen Or deytees , focesanghe, RE caehell anh trad, chine Grvbotlen each. ask, Hut non sed of DMA channels, . : t @ Sequence of everds that occur. DMA pecan: , . Li Memo i fg. DMA The. CPU/froeasey ~has Avo pins HOLD and HIDA which are used for DMA cpaaction. It works with felloeing tuo cobb. L Aut Keynes? BR)-> ~ used] ly oma enboller segues al uses. When Hug Le achive , CPU eminabes Guguilion of the cd matuedin and pce te elt hg, data bus and. read voriLe ines andy igh tmpedance state, + 1 Bes Goat (aes CPU communteates wrth the DA High address and cleda buses, q SDMA has ts own address shih achiyades 2S ( Regtsber select) and Ds (DMA select) ones, , When a peripheral, device sends a IMA request the Oma er activates Hu BR tive: vanforming CPU bo deare buses, 7 ‘The cpu veepmds wth ls Bor tine, 0 > IMA thon puls evoment value oftds adders addess bus, "rtd RD and, WR opral and Si Ir Adknmdledge to the eral je When, Be=0 aD di el signals allno CPU to commurtiale wll, a i trdemal DMA: rsters, When 6721, DAcommunteates wr | RAM Hhieuh RD BWR Ltnes. sf Q ctor tbs the I oa a DMA devineg,cf memo ; cabled 170° Presson thot communteales wilh 1/0 clewtee ee, ‘remo boy cycle stealing, frocegser car ea a chan) Progra shored te meth marry. CPO snttiates the chann vl execubng & Chonmel 770 class anebructio and once tntdinted, Chau operates trdepenclenbly of Lhe CPU, Peripheral devices, @® DP Block dliagram wle, wll GO processor, By. Bk dlegram. of mp P @H_CPU=IOP communteations . Communication beboeen, CPO and IOP may dake, differed forms depending Sle Ms eel alr ok at eng processor eaves “tnformation for the other. sons OP operations —£%g..CPU-TOP_communtentionMechantem: Qi sends an Snabruction ao dest tho * oP path. The TOP. ee ly anserding a talus word a memoy for Sho CPD ob check. Wne'Tatks of tre sfadis word “arated Mae condsdion of OP oe ph ree CPU Shen checks stahis wodub dedde .: wWhab> to do next. Ef all 4a m order, cry sends the 4 anebruction do chant Dne To sransfen. ‘the mem address eco with thts anstruction Sells: “Mie Tor P le do find Us program. When OP downtnales te dransfer vata DMA, 1b” Seks an 4 est to cpu. the CPU responds by tecutyg an mstruction lp read the’ istahis the TOP anh tren TOP answers li plactng the st Lanto — Speen maemo) ocotter. By Tseleg the bids 3n stodus wordy CPV delermsres vahetid the T/o op eveten was Comp, leled Babtsfockutly and De Prowas 4% repeal again.