ONIT-D
VECTOR CALCULUS
Ve.ct A
Quaaantit tohich is having both
magnitude and divection then i s Called
Vectox Ec
velocit, Accelmation
xScolan.A Quartity which is
having only
magnitude then tis Caod
Scala
BrDistance etc..
Vector Colcukus. The procèn of
finding
difen tiatiom welwell ay
integation. of
ven Vectorg is called Vectov
Calculy
Vector Diffeuntiation. The
procen o odin
0Cads nanyd 15 well patial denivativ 0f giveo
Vectors. So-this dhapten
9tudy follo wng Concepts
we
4Vector Diffn tentiatiao factox.
2 Gadient 0f Scalan Poiot functian
3Divesgenee 0Scalan point functioo
Cur 2 Scal Deiofunctig
Veettov Diffenentiation Opesato
t is
denoted by'V(de1 and is de fired o4
V-243+R
based
Based on
Vecto Diff open at ox ,we 1eann
abeut aadient divesgence and Curee
Gsadieot of Scala point function
Let
be be any Scalan point funetion
Osd V i+
4K dz
be
any Vectos
vectox
diff openator then,
then
dc
is called d
Gradieot Cf
of secalan
Scalan point function
function(
and is
denoted by go
(o)Grad o".
Poptin of Grdodient
Let f and 'g' ane tuoo Scalar
point
tunctiom, then
3f-93
+ Let c' be
any cotant,then
vc4) cV
Poblems
P Find Grad at(,-2) whese,
+430z
Sol
Given, f(*ja)
-**+3+3 yz
Let, pls2) -(-2).
(+3
z +3yz
V33y) t7 (f+3xr) +7(3)
Now, 94 at(1,1,-2) =
-3i-303 + 3k
-3-33+3k
3 2az- hen find Ivplat (2-2
Sol Given, 2zTy
-T22-2)+3-)+ K(8rz)
s Now
[v¢| art (2,-2,1
# l T2-2/ +i(-a+E(0)
vsl 7(1) +3(-+) +E(
l o + -43 t 16k
)9ol = loo+16+256
)opl =J342 2 J13
Show that v(n) =n,7?
Sol We know thot
7J++22
+-0
No, V( 72 () +3()+k )
Disf pontia t Tytz
oc
Similanl y Di
Let
) =0-°-,
n-
Pur
O -2 Po
Gimilon ( L
s)n--2
dz
rson2
)=o (+23+2)
Heo Ce ptoved
P
5how that
1)()= v-
.
Dixectional Desivotive
Let (TJ.2) be any scalan function deftneo
thoughoet Some
Some egien of 6pace. et the
unetion have a Vakue at point (P) whene
Postion is OP =
Let + A^ be value af funetion at
at
eiahbouning Paiot
tron
g've t h e meaSwe 0f
Tate at
which
changes when e move%am P to
then the valul of A aAAr
Ar o in tha
dive etion of P is caled direction deTivative
No-beTK dife etiona desivative éf a
Scala pointunction t a point P,y.z)
n the dixec tioo 0f unt vectaX e, 1s
3Iven b
Gra d d-E (o)d.6
Angle betiween twa plane
Let
4,g and ) be two plane
then
then he angle between thom atE
the a point
P(,y.2) isgiven by, CoseVP, Vp2
Poblems.
P Find D-D o4 2+ 42 at P(1,-
in the divection
Civen, =
of
T(2+-K)
2y +42
Sol
dhe dz
2ci-4y3 +82
v at ,-) 27-+T- RK
2i4
Td.E (27-+T-sT). 2+-
-
=4 8 8
6
P Find 0.D, d oyz+4c22 P= (1-2,-
(27--2
Given, z+4+02
21J-2k 27-5-2k
J4++4 3
7(2yz++) +5)+ i(2+8*z
a t P-1
)o¢21-j-lok
V- -5-lok 21-j-k
3
v.e 6 20 + 3
3
Find D-0 0f and
- y24+z
an d
naxmal to Suvface
Pi-2,-) in disection
(Tlog at 2,)?
Sel 4, at (27) -j-l
oaT oy) Jay)+ () -
76 a(-13,) T(ng)-T(ata)+R ()
-+j
4-
J1641
94, (--lo).-R)
J
PD.D of
T-4222,P- (rdanacd
(,2,3 in Ane
P.o)hne =(5.0,+
Pq -0P (-2,
at P (-+12)
i-2+
J2
- (27-4 +12k) (+T-17+T)
J21
8i +8 +12K
J21
28
J21
D-O of rz at (1,4,)
v T(2y)+T ()+R(
8T+j+4k
lol -
Jay 41 41¬ = J81 =
N
ang1e
F i n d b l o No t o Suface *
at (,1) and 24,
Sol v, T2)+ T-)+k).
v, ot(.) =27-J-k
,a+ (2,+,1) =41-j-4k
Cose
09 -47-74)
44t133
Cose 9+14 13
Cos Cos-1 Jng13
P angle
Fiod f irte section For 3pheun
,T++22 29 and , T++z+
-6-82 4P P4-3,2) a
Sol 7, T2)+Tay)+T(
T2x +) + (-s) +R (22-2.
v a P(3,2 8i -6j 4k
Vat P(-3,2= 127-12-14k
Cose
-C44(27-127- 4
JH
6+*2-1 -152
JI1 3t Cos e
J16 J3e4
Cos 152
is6 3o+
Uvehgence of a Vectos point function
Let, Ff,i+f2Jtfk be any
Continauly
difeentiable vector poirnt function
then
+33 is. caled Divegenc2 o
Vectox-Point unction Fand denoted by
V- F aod Div.F
9olenaida vectos wheo we afply Von H
F O is Solonoida vector.
F T +2y2j37*
.F f,-r.f -22, 3y
F7( +5(2 3
F ( 3()E)
OF at(1,1) 1+2 +6 9
F-(+3)T +(1-2-) t{7+p2jk s
Solencidal 2
Sel
1+1+P -0 ) P: -2
PPoove that i s soleooidal 1f o--3
Sel We kncw that,
e i 4+y3+zk
Jox2+y+2
+
(++ 21
hit45
Fom Standand
vector diffene.ntiation we have
.F 0
Now, .F +842
) +
) +(z
n
Zn z
+
3 +T n n +2n
3 + n-(++2
3 + n-2(2 34o.?
3 4n
9 e Sub, n=-3 ve get 7.F=0 which is
Solenaidal Hence poeved
Cux
*Cus of a vector point funetion
Let F:f,i+4+4,k be any Centinouy
hen
offucotiable vector Point function then
VXF is called Cus of a vector point
functionFit is denoted by CurlFE)VxE
whese vxF
-3
Ivota-ticool, Vecto .
A
centinausly dif Vector point functin
F i5 called
rdortational CulF =0
Pov thatF y+z) ++ 2+r+ (1+y R
19 Iotational
Sol we. knos that, h 72
F4,73+6
) C ).=latr),5y)
1--5(1-.+E(-J
. F i s itation vector
P: 44, F= e*3*z (T++E hen find
Cuyl P
01Ginen, Fe **(++
**z = e+3+zf e**z
Now, Cn Fi7/25 f-7/- 2
k/3
CunstF-7(* e t
e
k +*z 4+z]
Cunl F T(o) -T(o)+K)
Cu P= O
SCalar potentiol function
Let F
be any iv«otatiom vector then
thee ecists One Scala in such a aythat
F then'is called Scolar potential
functioo
P
E (x*ti+(2r-3y -7)jZ
+ (4r +2z) k is
otational hen
find out Scalar potentak funetion?
9lGiven that
F 23th 2-3g2) + (h-y42z)E
9 17otot ional e
VX 0 if iS
Iotatio nal hen theno ecis
in
exists
ts a scala
scalan
Such a
way that F
V¢ i.eBy
ealunting te
coefici ents of
bo-th sidn we
i,3,k 0n
get,
+24
2c-3y-z
hoc-y+2z
Integsating above ea/'s
eal's
P
+21y + z+ C,
mlanly 2 at-3y-2)d
2zy-5z +Cq
4422) dz
2
- 2+C
Nou, , +o2 +P
o2
+2y
2 4*z 427y-
3-y2++*2-g
2
3 +22
2
2
+4Ty-2y2+8c2 +c
VECTOR NTE GRAT 1ON
1) Line Sn tegral
2 Surface Sntegva
3Volume 9,tegal
1 Line Sntegsot
:Fd7,dr +4,dy +#, dz
P4 F 3cyi-u3 en evalunte
eNunte
Ed whenec' is aCurve in y
plane
-2 om .o to (a)?
SelGiven F3-
Cuwe i9 2
DiFF 8S
d
dy 4+c dr. =
Now, Pd
(3ydr-dy)
Limits *:o to T=l
3 o (2-d - ( 2 4 4cdt
S d -
16csdx
-7
- 6
PEvaluate F.7 whe F
(e-3y)+(g-
Qandc' is the closed Cuyve n
y plane
2 Cost, u 3Sint 0 ot2
9lGven, F (z-3)i+(-2r)
Ja y-plane Z0, dz o
T 2cost dT
-2 Sintdt
3Sint y 3 Cost dt.
Vanie romto to 2
Now, FdF z-3) +(y-2)dy
2Cost9sint)2sintdt +(3sint-LCost)
21 3Costdt
-+SintCost dt + 12 Sit dt+9Sint
Cost dt
12 Cos4 dt
2
59it Cos+ + 18Sint -12 Cogdt
Sin2t 4+18-18Cest -12CostJd+
2
JSin2t +Hg -30(C2td4 Sit
43-15cos2t dt
JGSin2t +18-15-1S Cos 24 + 2
ISSin2 6
