DISTRIBUTION
MAPS
CARTOGRAPHIC SYMBOLS
•POINT
•LINE
•AREA
DISTRIBUTION MAPS
• The distributional maps are useful for explaining the patterns
of distribution of a particular geographical variable.
• DISTRIBUTION MAPS
Density
Pattern
Dispersion
DISTRIBUTION MAPS
Quantitative Maps Qualitative Maps
Choropeth Color Patch
Isopleth Choro-Chromatic
Dot Method Choro-Schematic
Diagrammatic Geometrical
Methods
Pictorial
Alphabetical
CHOROPLETH MAPS
• It uses difference in shading, coloring or placing of symbols
within a pre-defined areas to indicate the average values of
particular quantity in a particular area.
• Choropleth method map is used to show population density,
types of forest cover, uses of land.
• It provides an easy way to visualize how a measurement varies
across an area.
Disadvantages:
• They give a false impressions of abrupt change at the
boundaries of shaded units.
• It can be difficult to distinguish between different shades in
the maps.
ISOPLETH MAPS
• This method makes use of line joining locations or places
having same or equal values of a particular variable.
• The term Isopleth has been derived from Geek words
‘ISOS’ meaning same and ‘PLETHRON’ meaning
measures.
• The spacing of lines expresses the rate of variation. If the
lines appear much apart, variation is gentle and when
they are closely set, variation is sharp.
• They are not suitable for discontinuous or patchy
distributions or when the variability is great.
• They also require a large amount of data for accurate
drawing.
ISOPLETH MAPS WHAT THEY SHOW?
Isobars Points with the same atmospheric pressure
Isotherms Points with the same temperature.
Isohyets Points with the same rainfall
Isohels Points with the same amount of sunshine
Isonephs Points with the same amount of cloud cover
Isobaths Points with the same depth below the water
Isohaline Points with the same salinity of sea water
Isotim Points with the same costs to transport a raw material from its source.
Isodapane Points with the same costs to transport products from where they are
made to where they are sold.
Contour Lines Points with the same height above mean sea level
Isobathytherm Points with the same temperature under water.
Isochrone Points taking the same time to reach from a given place.
Isohume Points with the same humidity
Isostere Points with the same atmospheric density
Isogon Points with the same wind direction
DOT MAPS
• Dot Maps involves the use of dots of uniform size,
each dot representing certain number of quantity.
• They are easy to understand.
• They show varying density of a phenomena.
• It allows for mapping with distribution of another
phenomena.
• If the dots get too dense, it’s difficult to read.
• They are generally preferred to show distribution of
population, stocks, crops, mineral products, etc.
1 dot(.) = 200,000 persons
DIAGRAMMATIC METHODS
• This implies use
of diagram to
represent
statistical data
over the map,
such as bars,
blocks, circles,
spheres etc.
COLOR PATCH METHOD
• Generally used to
show the Political
maps.
• The use of various
colors is done to
distinguish the
boundaries.
CHORO-CHROMATIC MAPS
• The word is derived from two Greek Words “khṓra” meaning
location and “khrôma” means Color.
• It is also known as tint method or layering method.
• This method makes use of different colors to make the
distribution of various features distinct on the map.
• For example, In a vegetation map, Forests may be shown in
green color, grasslands by yellow and desert vegetation by
brown.
• Here, a color index is necessary to be shown in a corner of a
map.
• Also, by using this method distribution of single element can
be shown. For this, different tints of the same color are used.
• It is also used in relief maps to show different elevations.
CHORO-SCHEMATIC
• It is also known as symbol method.
• One or more elements may be shown by conventionally
selected symbols of equal size or varying sizes as the case may
be.
• Symbols can be of 3 types:
1. Geometrical
2. Pictorial
3. Alphabetical
GEOMETRICAL
PICTORIAL
ALPHABETICAL
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