CHAPTER II
REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE
Spraying equipment plays a vital role in farming, helping farmers
protect their crops and boost yields by managing pests effectively. In
India, most farmers rely on manual or motorized sprayers, but covering
large areas quickly during pest outbreaks can be a real challenge.
Modern spraying techniques and renewable energy options, like solar-
powered sprayers, are becoming more important as fuel costs rise and
electricity remains unreliable in rural areas. Sprayers aren’t just for
farming—they’re also used in healthcare and for cleaning up public
spaces, like disinfecting streets or fighting viruses like COVID-19,
making them an essential tool in many areas of daily life. (Pratik dube
et al., 2022).
The main goal of this study was to design and develop software
and hardware for an intelligent sprayer that can control variable-rate
spray output through the nozzle base on availability of a target in sight
and density level of the canopy sprayed. This has been accomplished
to a large degree. However, there is still some effectiveness associated
with the operation of this sprayer that can be addressed by future
studies (Ahalya M#1, et al., 2017).
Traditional boom sprayers waste herbicide by applying it to areas
where weed density is already low. A new technology, Weed Activated
Spray Process (WASP), uses sensors to detect the presence of weeds
and control spray nozzles accordingly. The economic benefits of this
technology to extensive crop farmers in Western Australia were
investigated using a model based on the economics of information.
Existing technology is likely to reduce profits because the weed density
at which it switches off spraying is too high ([Link] B. Gavali, et al.,
2018).
Development of UAV Octocopter Based on Pesticides Spraying
System is developed to spray the fertilizers and pesticides to the
agricultural area using Unmanned aerial vehicle, this system will be
unable to avoid the obstacles. Development and evaluation of drone
mounted sprayer for pesticide applications to crops is a hexa-copter
drone used for spraying the fertilizers in the fields where human
interventions are not possible, this system cannot indicate the number
of fertilizers in the tank. To overcome the above limitations, our work
uses the ultrasonic sensors and level sensors which can indicate the
obstacle and level of liquid in the tank. (Sri Suvetha C S, et al., 2020).
ICT have always mattered in Agriculture domain. Over period,
weather patterns and soil conditions and epidemics of pests and
diseases changed, received updated information allows the farmers to
cope with and even benefit from these changes. It is really challenging
task that needs to provide such knowledge because of highly localized
nature of agriculture information specifically distinct conditions. The
complete real-time and historical environment information helps to
achieve efficient management and utilization of resources. The issue is
that the technique can achieve convenient wireless connection within a
short-distance (Patil K. A, N. R. Kale 2016).
They developed a multipurpose pesticide spraying machine based
on solar panels. It gives maximum work output with minimum effort.
The arrangement of nozzles is adjustable according to the crops and
this alone pump can used for multiple crops. This model carries multi
nozzle pesticides sprayer pump which will perform spraying at
maximum rate in minimum time. Constant flow valves can be applied
at nozzle to have uniform nozzle pressure (ShaileshMalonde, [Link],.
2016).
“Design and Development of Multipurpose Pesticides Spraying
Machine”, “Journal of Advance Engineering and Global Tecnolagy”,
ISSN:2309-4893, Volume 02, Issue -03, May 2016 – In this paper, we
presented a holistic IoT-based agricultural monitoring system. The
main component of this system is an in-situ WSN that is tailored for the
collection of sensor information that is of special interest for Smart
Farming. The focus of the sensor network is on the continuous
assessment of the LAI that is relevant for a precise monitoring of crop
growth processes. Drawback of this project is it just spraying the
pesticides and monitoring the crops but not detecting the pests.
