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Cargo Handling and Stowage

STCW Code Table A-II/1 and A-II/2
 STCW Code Table A-II/1 and A-II/2

Specification of minimum standard of competence for officers

in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 500 gross
tonnage or more

(ML) Specification of minimum standard of competence for

masters and chief mates in charge of a navigational watch on
ships of 500 gross tonnage or more
STCW Code Table A-II/1 and A-II/2

Function:
Cargo Handling
and Stowage
 STCW Code Table A-II/1 and A-II/2

Competences:
1. Monitor the loading, stowage, securing, care during
the voyage and the unloading of cargoes
2. Plan and ensure safe loading, stowage, securing,
care during the voyage and unloading of cargoes
(ML)
3. Carriage of dangerous goods (ML)
 STCW Code Table A-II/1 and A-II/2

Learning Outcomes:
The cadets must
• Have knowledge of safe handling, stowage and securing of cargoes, including
dangerous, hazardous and harmful cargoes, and their effect on the safety of
life and the ship
• Have a general knowledge of tankers and tanker operation
• Be able to explain the International regulations, standards, codes and
recommendations on the carriage of dangerous cargoes, including the
International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code and the International
Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code
• Be able to explain the carriage of dangerous, hazardous and harmful cargoes;
identify precautionary measures during loading and unloading and enumerate
the steps in caring for the cargo during the voyage
 STCW Code Table A-II/1 and A-II/2

Topics
 Dangerous, Hazardous and Harmful Cargoes
 Tanker Piping and Pumping Arrangements
 Enhanced Survey Programme
 Tanker Terms and definition
 Contents and Application of the International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and
Terminals (ISGOTT)
 Oil Tanker Operations and Related Pollution-prevention Regulations
 Chemical Tankers
 STCW Code Table A-II/1 and A-II/2

Topics
 Tank Cleaning and Control of Pollution in Chemical Tankers
 Gas Tankers
 Cargo Operations in Gas Tankers
 International Regulations and Codes
 Dangerous Goods in Packages
 Solid Bulk Cargoes
 International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk (International Grain Code)
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Dangerous, Hazardous and Harmful Cargoes

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IMDG
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code was developed as
a uniform international code for the transport of dangerous goods by sea covering
such matters as packing, container traffic and stowage, with particular reference to
the segregation of incompatible substances.
The development of the IMDG Code dates back to the 1960 Safety of Life at
Sea Conference, which recommended that Governments should adopt a uniform
international code for the transport of dangerous goods by sea to supplement the
regulations contained in the 1960 International Convention for the Safety of Life at
Sea (SOLAS).
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IMDG
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
The objective of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG)
Code is to:

• Enhance the safe transport of dangerous goods

• Protect the marine environment

• Facilitate the free unrestricted movement of dangerous

goods
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IMDG
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
The implementation of the Code is mandatory in conjunction with the obligations of the
members of united nation government under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at
Sea (SOLAS) and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL
73/78).
It is intended for use not only by the mariner but also by all those involved in industries and
services connected with shipping.
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IMDG
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
To supplement the principles laid down in the SOLAS and MARPOL Conventions, the IMO developed
the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code.

The IMDG code contains detailed technical specifications to enable dangerous goods to be
transported safely by sea.

The IMDG Code became mandatory for adoption by SOLAS signatory states from 1st January 2004.
 SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage

The IMDG Code is based on an

internationally agreed system which:
• Groups dangerous goods together based on the hazards they present in transport (classification).

• Contains the dangerous goods in packagings/tanks which are of appropriate strength and which
will prevent the goods escaping.

• Uses hazard warning labels and other identifying marks to identify dangerous goods in transport.
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The IMDG Code is based on an

internationally agreed system which:
• Requires standard documentation to be provided when dangerous goods are being transported.

• Lays down principles for ensuring that dangerous goods which will react dangerously together are
kept apart.

• Lays down principles for where to place dangerous goods on board ship to ensure safe transport.

• Provides emergency response advice for dangerous goods involved in a fire or spillage on board
ship.
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Updating the IMDG Code

The IMDG Code is evolving and is updated every two years to take account of:

• New dangerous goods which have to be included.

• New technology and methods of working with or handling dangerous goods.

• Safety concerns which arise as a result of experience.

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IMDG Code
The Code comprises 7 parts.

It is presented in two books; Volume 1 and

Volume 2.

It is necessary to use both books to obtain the

required information when shipping dangerous
goods by sea.

The Code also contains a Supplement.

Research:
Parts of the IMDG Code / Layout of each Volume
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IMDG Code
Contents of Volume 1 (Parts 1-2 & 4-7 of the Code):
• part 1, general provisions, definitions and training
• part 2, classifications
• part 4, packing and tank provisions
• part 5, consignment procedures
• part 6, construction and testing of packagings, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), large
packagings, portable tanks, multi-element gas containers (MEGCS) and road tank vehicles
• part 7, requirements concerning transport operations

Contents of Volume 2 (Part 3 and the Appendices of the Code):

• part 3 dangerous goods list (DGL) and limited quantities exceptions
• appendix a list of generic and n.o.s. (not otherwise specified) proper shipping names
• appendix b glossary of terms
• alphabetical index
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IMDG Code
The Dangerous Goods List (DGL) is the central core of the IMDG Code and presents information on
transport requirements in a coded form

The Supplement contains the following texts related to the Code:

• Emergency response procedures for ships carrying dangerous goods
• Medical first aid guide
• Reporting procedures
• IMO/ILO/ECE guidelines for packing cargo transport units
• Safe use of pesticides in ships
• International code for the carriage of packaged irradiated nuclear fuel, plutonium and high-
level radioactive wastes on board ships
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IMDG Code
The purpose of the IMDG Code‘s classification system is:

• To distinguish between goods which are considered to be dangerous for transport and those
which are not
• To identify the dangers which are presented by dangerous goods in transport
• To ensure that the correct measure are taken to enable these goods to be transported safely
without risk to persons or property (both within the port and on the ship)
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IMDG Code
The IMDG Code also contains…

• Clearly defined recommendations for the training of all staff who handle or process dangerous
goods shipments for transportation by sea. The full training requirements can be found in the
IMDG Code Volume 1, Chapter 1.3
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IMDG Code
Dangerous goods are classified into 9 classes
according to properties. The way in which
different classes of dangerous goods are
handled in transport will depend upon these
properties and hazards, for example:

• The type of packaging that can be used.

• What classes of dangerous goods can be
transported together in freight containers.
• Where the goods can be stored within the port
and on the ship.
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IMDG Code
The 9 classes:
These 9 hazard classes have been established
Class 1 Explosives internationally by a United Nations (UN) committee to
ensure that all modes of transport (road, rail, air and sea)
Class 2 Gases classify dangerous goods in the same way.
Class 3 Flammable liquids
Class 4 Flammable solids
Class 5 Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides
Activity:
Class 6 Toxic and infectious substances Research and provide at least three (3) for each class or
sub-class of the IMDG code
Class 7 Radioactive material
Class 8 Corrosive substances
Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances and
articles
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IMDG Code
Class 1: Explosives
Subclass 1.1: Explosives with a mass explosion hazard

Consists of explosives that have a mass explosion hazard. A mass explosion is one which affects almost
the entire load instantaneously.

Subclass 1.2: Explosives with a severe projection hazard

Consists of explosives that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard.
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IMDG Code
Class 1: Explosives
Subclass 1.3: Explosives with a fire

Consists of explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard
or both but not a mass explosion hazard.

Subclass 1.4: Minor fire or projection hazard

Consists of explosives that present a minor explosion hazard. The explosive effects are largely confined to
the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external
fire must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package.
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IMDG Code
Class 1: Explosives
Subclass 1.5: An insensitive substance with a mass explosion hazard

Consists of very insensitive explosives with a mass explosion hazard (explosion similar to 1.1). This
division is comprised of substances which have a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there
is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions
of transport.
Subclass 1.6: Extremely insensitive articles

Consists of extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosive hazard. This division is
comprised of articles which contain only extremely insensitive detonating substances and which
demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.
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IMDG Code
Class 2 : Gases
Subclass 2.1: Flammable Gas

Gases which ignite on contact with an ignition source, such as acetylene and hydrogen.
Flammable gas means any material which is ignitable at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) when in a mixture of 13
percent or less by volume with air, or has a flammable range at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) with air of at least 12
percent regardless of the lower limit.
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IMDG Code
Class 2 :Gases
Subclass 2.2: Non-Flammable Gases

Gases which are neither flammable nor poisonous. Includes the cryogenic gases/liquids (temperatures of
below -100°C) used for cryopreservation and rocket fuels.
This division includes compressed gas, liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas, compressed gas in
solution, asphyxiant gas and oxidizing gas.
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IMDG Code
Class 2 :Gases
Subclass 2.3: Poisonous Gases

Gases liable to cause death or serious injury to human health if inhaled.

Gas poisonous by inhalation means a material which is a gas at 20°C or less and a pressure of 101.3 kPa
(a material which has a boiling point of 20°C or less at 101.3kPa (14.7 psi)) which is known to be so toxic
to humans as to pose a hazard to health during transportation.
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IMDG Code
Class 3: Flammable Liquids
A flammable liquid means a liquid which may catch fire easily or any mixture having one or more
components with any flash point. As example: acetone, diesel, gasoline, kerosene, oil etc.

There are three main groups of flammable liquid.

•Low flash point - liquids with flash point below -18°C
•Intermediate flash point - liquids with flash point from -18°C. up to +23°C
•High flash point group - liquids with flash point from +23°C
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IMDG Code
Class 4:Flammable solids or substances
Subclass 4.1: Flammable solids

Solid substances that are easily ignited. Self-reactive materials, which are thermally unstable and that
can undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even without participation of air.

Subclass 4.2: Spontaneously combustible solids

Solid substances that ignite spontaneously. Spontaneously combustible material is a pyrophoric material,
which is a liquid or solid that can ignite within five minutes after coming in contact with air or a self-
heating material that when in contact with air and without an energy supply is liable to self-heat.
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IMDG Code
Class 4: Flammable solids or substances
Subclass 4.3: Dangerous when wet

Solid substances that emit a flammable gas when wet. Dangerous when wet material is a material that
when it makes contact with water is liable to become spontaneously flammable or give off flammable or
toxic gas at a rate greater than 1 L per kilogram of the material per hour.
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IMDG Code
Class 5: Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides
Subclass 5.1: Oxidizing agent

Oxidizing agent means a material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the
combustion of other materials.

Subclass 5.2: Organic peroxide oxidizing agent

Organic peroxide means any organic compound containing oxygen in the bivalent structure and which
may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have
been replaced by organic radicals.
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IMDG Code
Class 6: Toxic and infectious substances
Subclass 6.1: Poison

Toxic substances which are able to cause death or serious hazard to humans health during
transportation.

Subclass 6.2: Biohazard

Infectious Substance material is known to contain or suspected of containing a pathogen. Infectious

substances are substances which are known or are reasonably expected to contain pathogens. Pathogens
are defined as micro-organisms (including bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, parasites, fungi) and other agents
such as prions, which can cause disease in humans or animals.
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IMDG Code
Class 7: Radioactive substances
Radioactive

Radioactive substances comprise substances or a combination of substances which emit ionizing

radiation
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IMDG Code
Class 8:Corrosive substances
Corrosive

Corrosive materials means a liquid or solid that causes full thickness destruction of human skin at the site
of contact within a specified period of time. A liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or
aluminum is also a corrosive material.
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IMDG Code
Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles
Miscellaneous

A material which presents a hazard during transportation but which does not meet the definition of any
other hazard class. This class includes: any material which has an anesthetic, noxious or other similar
property which could cause extreme annoyance or discomfort to a flight crew member so as to prevent
the correct performance of assigned duties or material for an elevated temperature material, a
hazardous substance, a hazardous waste, or a marine pollutant.