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Vector Spaces and Subspaces Exercises

The document outlines exercises related to vector spaces for a mathematics course at the University of Algiers 1. It includes various problems that require determining whether certain sets are vector spaces, showing subspace properties, and finding bases and dimensions. The exercises cover concepts such as scalar multiplication, addition operations, and direct sums in different dimensional spaces.

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42 views2 pages

Vector Spaces and Subspaces Exercises

The document outlines exercises related to vector spaces for a mathematics course at the University of Algiers 1. It includes various problems that require determining whether certain sets are vector spaces, showing subspace properties, and finding bases and dimensions. The exercises cover concepts such as scalar multiplication, addition operations, and direct sums in different dimensional spaces.

Uploaded by

iar607443
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

University of Algiers 1 First Year

Faculty of Sciences Algebra 2


Department of Mathematics Academic year 2024 / 2025

Vector spaces

Exercice 1. Are the following sets vector spaces with the indicated operations ? If
not, why not ?
1. R2 with the ordinary addition ans a new scalar multiplication which dened
by
a.(x, y) = (ay, ax)
2. The set V of all functions f : R → R with pointwise addition (ordinary
addition of functions), but scalar multiplication dened by

(af )(x) = f (ax).

3. V = R × R∗+ with the addition dened by

+: V ×V → v
((x, y), (x′ , y ′ )) → (x + x′ , y.y ′ )

and the scalar multiplication dened by


.: R×V → V
(λ, (x, y)) → (λx, y λ ))

Exercice 2. We consider in R3 , the subset F dened by :

F = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 , 2x + y − z = 0}

1. Show that F is a sub vector space of R3 .


2. Give a base of F , what is its dimension ?
3. Is F equal to R3 ?
Exercice 3. Consider the set U of all polynomials in P that have 3 as a root :

U = {p(x) ∈ P |p(3) = 0}

1. Show that U is a subspace of P .


2. Show that {1 + x, 3x + x2 , 2 + x − x2 } is independent in P .
3. Show that any set of polynomials of distinct degrees is independent.
Exercice 4. In R4 , we consider the sub vector spaces

F = {(x, y, z, t) ∈ R4 , x + y + z + t = 0}

and
G = {(2a, −a, 0, a), with a ∈ R}
1. Show that F and G are in direct sum.
2. Let (x, y, z, t) ∈ R4 . Find a ∈ R such that the vector (x−2a, y +a, z, t−a) ∈ F

1
Exercice 5. Verify that F and G are sub vectors spaces of R3 , give a basis, specify
if they are in direct or additional sum.
1. F = ⟨(1, 1, 1)⟩, G = ⟨(−1, 1, 1)⟩.
2. F = ⟨(1, 1, 1)⟩, G = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 , x + 2y + z = 0}.
3. F = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 , x = y}, G = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 , x + 2y + z = 0}
Exercice 6. Let u1 = (1, −1, 2), u2 = (1, 1, −1) and u3 = (−1, −5, −7). Let E =
⟨u1 , u2 , u3 ⟩. Let F = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 , x + y + z = 0}
1. Give a base of E .
2. Show that F is a sub vector space ofR3 .
3. Give a base of F .
4. Give a base of E ∩ F .

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