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QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : MA 8352 -LINEAR ALGEBRA AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
SEMESTER / YEAR:III / II ( ECE)

UNIT I - VECTOR SPACE

PART- A
Bloom’s
Q.No. Question Taxonomy Domain
Level
Define Vector Space BTL1 Remembering
1.
Define Subspace of a vector space BTL1 Remembering
2.
State the necessary and sufficient condition for a subset of a vector space to be BTL1 Remembering
3. subspace
Do the polynomials 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 1, 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3 and 3𝑥 − 2 generate 𝑃3 (𝑅)? Justify BTL2 Understanding
4.
your answer.
Is {(1,4, −6), (1,5,8), (2,1,1), (0,1,0)} is a linearly independent subset of 𝑅 3 ? Justify BTL2 Understanding
5. your answer
The vectors 𝑢1 = (2, −3,1), 𝑢2 = (1,4, −2), 𝑢3 = (−8,12, −4), 𝑢4 = (1,37, −17) BTL3 Applying
6. and 𝑢5 = (−3, −5,8) generate 𝑅 3 . Find a subset of the set {𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 , 𝑢4 , 𝑢5 } that is a
basis for 𝑅 3
Let 𝑢 and 𝑣 be distinct vectors of a vector space 𝑉. Show that if {𝑢, 𝑣} is a basis for 𝑉 BTL3 Applying
7. and 𝑎 and 𝑏 are non-zero scalars, then both {𝑢 + 𝑣, 𝑎𝑢} and {𝑎𝑢, 𝑏𝑣} are also bases
for 𝑉.
Write the vectors 𝑣 = (1, −2,5) as a linear combination of the vectors 𝑥 = BTL2 Understanding
8. (1,1,1), 𝑦 = (1,2,3) and 𝑧 = (2, −1,1)
Show that the set of all polynomials in one variable over a field F of degree less than BTL3 Applying
9. or equal to n is a subspace of the vector space of all polynomials over F
Determine whether the set W={(𝑎1 ,𝑎2 ,𝑎3 )𝛜𝑅 3 :𝑎1 +2𝑎2 -3𝑎3 =1} BTL2 Understanding
10. 3
is a subspace of 𝑅 under the operations of addition and scalar multiplication.
Determine whether 𝑤 = (4, −7,3) can be written as a linear combination of 𝑣1 = BTL2 Understanding
11. 3
(1,2,0) and 𝑣2 = (3,1,1) in 𝑅
For which value of k will the vector 𝑢 = (1, −2, 𝑘) in 𝑅 3 be a linear combination of BTL3 Applying
12. the vectors 𝑣 = (3,0, −2) and 𝑤 = (2, −1,5)?

Determine whether the set 𝑊1 = {(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ) ∈ 𝑅 3 ∶ 𝑎1 = 𝑎3 + 2} is a subspace of BTL2 Understanding

13. 𝑅 3 under the operations of addition and scalar multiplication defined on 𝑅 3

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Point out whether the set 𝑊1 = {(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ) ∈ 𝑅 3 ∶ 𝑎1 − 4𝑎2 − 𝑎3 = 0} is a BTL4 Analyzing
3
14. subspace of 𝑅 under the operations of addition and scalar multiplication defined on
𝑅3
Check whether 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 6 is a linear combination of BTL4 Analyzing
15.
𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3 and 3𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 9
Point out whether 𝑤 = (3,4,1) can be written as a linear combination of 𝑣1 = BTL4 Analyzing
16. (1, −2,1) and 𝑣2 = (−2, −1,1) in 𝑅 3

Point out whether the given vector is in the span of 𝑆 ∶ BTL4 Analyzing

17. i) (2, −1,1, −3), 𝑆 = {(1,0,1, −1), (0,1,1,1)}

ii) 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3, 𝑆 = {𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 + 1}
3
18. Show that the vectors {(1,1,0), (1,0,1) and (0,1,1)} genarate 𝐹 BTL3 Applying
Check whether the vectors (i) {𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 , −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1, −𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 1} BTL4 Analyzing
19. (ii) {(1, −1,2), (2,0,1), (−1,2, −1)} in 𝑅 3 in 𝑃3 (𝑅) are linearly dependent or linearly
independent
Evaluate which of the following sets are bases for 𝑅 3 : BTL5 Evaluating
20.
(i){(1,0, −1), (2,5,1), (0, −4,3)}(ii){(−1,3,1), (2, −4, −3), (−3,8,2)}
PART-B
In any vector space 𝑉, prove that the following statements are true : BTL3 Applying
i) 0. 𝑥 = 0 for each 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉
1.(a)
ii) (−𝑎)𝑥 = −(𝑎𝑥) for each 𝑎 ∈ 𝐾 and each 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉
iii) 𝑎. 0 = 0 for each 𝑎 ∈ 𝐾
Let 𝑉 be the set of all polynomials of degree less than or equal to n with real BTL3 Applying
1. (b) coefficients. Show that 𝑉 is a vector space over𝑅 with respect to polynomial
addition and usual multiplication of real numbers with a polynomial.
If 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 are vectors in a vector space 𝑉 such that 𝑥 + 𝑧 = 𝑦 + 𝑧 then prove that BTL4 Analyzing
𝑥=𝑦
2. (a)
ii) The vector 0 (identity) is unique
iii) The additive identity for any 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉 is unique
Point out that the set of all 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrices with entries from a field F is a vector BTL4 Analyzing
2.(b) space denoted as 𝑀𝑚×𝑛 (𝐹) with the operations of matrix addition and scalar
multiplication is a vector space
Let 𝑉 be a vector space and 𝑊 a subset of𝑉. Prove that𝑊 is a subspace of 𝑉 if and BTL3 Applying
only if the following three conditions hold for the operations defined in𝑉:
3. (a) i) 0 ∈ 𝑊ii) 𝑥 + 𝑦 ∈ 𝑊 whenever 𝑥 ∈ 𝑊 and 𝑦 ∈ 𝑊

iii) 𝑐𝑥 ∈ 𝑊 whenever 𝑐 ∈ 𝐹 and 𝑥 ∈ 𝑊

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Evaluate that the set of all real valued continuous (differentiable or integrable) BTL5 Evaluating
3.(b) functions of 𝑥 defined in some interval [0,1] is a vector space.

i) Prove that any intersection of subspaces of a vector space 𝑉 is a subspace of 𝑉 BTl3 Applying
4. (a)
ii) Prove that the union of two subspaces is not necessarily a subspace
Analyse that the set of all convergent sequences is a vector space over the field of BTL4 Analyzing
4.(b) real numbers

Describe that the union of two subspaces 𝑊1 and 𝑊2 is a subspace if and only if one BTL1 Remembering
5. (a) is contained in the other

Illustrate that set of all diagonal matrices of order 𝑛 × 𝑛 is a subspace of the vector BTL2 Understanding
5.(b)
space 𝑀𝑛×𝑛 (𝐹), where 𝑀𝑛×𝑛 is the set of all square matrices over the field F
Prove that the span of any subset 𝑆 of a vector space 𝑉 is a subspace of 𝑉. BTL3 Applying
6. (a) Moreover, any subspace of 𝑉 that contains 𝑆 must also contain the span of 𝑉

Evaluate that 𝑊1 = {(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , … 𝑎𝑛 ) ∈ 𝐹 𝑛 ; 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + ⋯ +𝑎𝑛 = 0} is a subspace of BTL5 Evaluating

6.(b)
𝐹 𝑛 and 𝑊2 = {(𝑎1, 𝑎2 , … 𝑎𝑛 ) ∈ 𝐹 𝑛 ; 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + ⋯ +𝑎𝑛 = 1} is not a subspace
Prove that the span of any subset S of a vector space 𝑉 is the smallest subspace of 𝑉 BTL3 Applying
7. (a) containing𝑆.

(1,0,1), (0,1,1)} generate 𝑅 3

7. (b) Illustrate that the vectors {(1,1,0), BTL2 Understanding

If 𝑆 and T are subsets of a vector space 𝑉(𝐹), then prove that : BTL3 Applying
(ii) 𝑆 ⊂ 𝑇 implies 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆) ⊂ 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑇)

8. (a) (iii) 𝑆 is a subspace of 𝑉 if and only if 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆) = 𝑆

(iv) 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆))= 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆)
(v) 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆 ∪ 𝑇)= 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆) + 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑇)
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 BTL4 Analyzing
9. (a) Analyse that the matrices (1 0) , (0 1) , (1 1) and (1 1) generate 𝑀2×2 (𝑅)
Let V be a vector space and 𝑆1 ⊆ 𝑆2 ⊆ 𝑉,then prove that i) If 𝑆1 is linearly BTL3 Applying
9.(b) dependent then 𝑆2 is also linearly dependentii) If 𝑆2 is linearly independent then 𝑆1
is also linearly independent
Let S be a linearly dependent subset of a vector space 𝑉 and let 𝑣 be a vector in 𝑉 BTL3 Applying
10.(a) that is not in 𝑆 . Then prove that 𝑆 ∪ {𝑣} is linearly dependent if and only if 𝑣 ∈
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑆)
Identify whether the set {𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 , −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1}in 𝑃3 (𝑅) is BTL1 Remembering
10.(b)
linearly independent or not
Prove that the non-zero vectors 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … 𝑣𝑚 are linearly independent if and only if BTL3 Applying
11.(a) one of them say 𝑣𝑖 is a linear combination of the preceding vectors 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … 𝑣𝑖−1

Let 𝑉 be a vector space over a field of characteristic not equal to twoi) Let 𝑢 and 𝑣 BTL3 Applying
11.(b) be distinct vectors in 𝑉. Prove that {𝑢, 𝑣} is linearly independent if and only if
{𝑢 + 𝑣, 𝑢 − 𝑣}is linearly independentii) Let 𝑢, 𝑣 and 𝑤 be distinct vectors in 𝑉.

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Prove that {𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤} is linearly independent if and only if {𝑢 + 𝑣, 𝑣 + 𝑤, 𝑣 + 𝑤} is
linearly independent
Let 𝑉 be a vector space and 𝛽 = {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … 𝑣𝑛 }be a subset of 𝑉. Prove that 𝛽 is a BTL3 Applying
basis for 𝑉 if and only if 𝑣 ∈ 𝑉 can be uniquely expressed as a linear combination of
12(a) vectors of 𝛽 , that is can be expressed in the form, 𝑎1 𝑢1 + 𝑎2 𝑢2 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑛 for
unique scalars 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , … 𝑎𝑛

Illustrate that the set {1, 𝑥, 𝑥 2 , … . 𝑥 𝑛 } is a basis for 𝑃𝑛 (𝐹) BTL2 Understanding
12.(b)

If a vector space 𝑉 is generated by a finite set 𝑆 then prove that some subset of 𝑆 is BTL3 Applying
13.(a)
a basis for 𝑉. Hence 𝑉has a finite basis
Decide whether or not the set 𝑆 = {𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 − 2, 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 3, −𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4} is a BTL5 Evaluating
13.(b) basis for 𝑃2 (𝑅)

If 𝑊1 , 𝑊2 are two subspaces of a finite dimensional vector space 𝑉 then BTL5 Evaluating
14.(a) dim(𝑊1 + 𝑊2 ) = dim 𝑊1 + 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑊2 − dim(𝑊1 ∩ 𝑊2 ) and hence deduce that if
𝑉 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 , then dim(𝑉) = dim 𝑊1 + 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑊2
2 2 2
14.(b) Decide whether or not the set {𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 + 3, 𝑥 + 𝑥} is a basis for 𝑃2 (𝑅) BTL5 Evaluating

UNIT II

PART –A

Bloom’s
Q.No Question Taxonomy Domain
Level

1. If 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑊 be a linear transformation then prove that 𝑇(0) = 0′ where 0 and 0′ are BTL3 Applying
the zero elements of V and W respectively

2. If 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑊 be a linear transformation then prove that 𝑇(−𝑣) = −𝑣 for 𝑣 ∈ 𝑉 BTL3 Applying

If 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑊 be a linear transformation then prove that 𝑇(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥 − 𝑦 for all BTL3 Applying
3. 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑉

4. Prove that the transformation T is linear if and only if 𝑇(𝑐𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑐𝑇(𝑥) + 𝑇(𝑦) BTL3 Applying

5. Illustrate that the transformation 𝑇: 𝑅 2 → 𝑅 2 defined by 𝑇(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ) = (2𝑎1 + 𝑎2 , 𝑎2 ) BTL2 Understanding

is linear

Evaluate that the transformation 𝑇: 𝑅 3 → 𝑅 2 defined by by BTL5 Evaluating

6.
𝑇(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ) = (𝑎1 − 𝑎2 , 𝑎1 − 𝑎3 ) is linear

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7. Describe explicitly the linear transformation 𝑇: 𝑅 2 → 𝑅 2 such that 𝑇(2,3) = BTL1 Remembering
(4,5)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇(1,0) = (0,0)

8. Illustrate that the transformation 𝑇: 𝑅 2 → 𝑅 3 defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 + 1, 2𝑦, 𝑥 + BTL2 Understanding

𝑦) is not linear

9. Is there a linear transformation 𝑇: 𝑅 3 → 𝑅 3 such that 𝑇(1,0,3) = (1,1)and BTL5 Evaluating

𝑇(−2,0, −6) = (2,1)?
2 2
10. Examine whether 𝑇: 𝑅 → 𝑅 given below are linear or not. If not state why T is not BTL4 Analyzing
linear? a) 𝑇(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ) = (𝑎1 + 1, 𝑎2 ) b)𝑇(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎1 + 0

11. Define matrix representation of T relative to the usual basis {ei} BTL1 Remembering

12. Find the matrix [T]e whose linear operator 𝑖𝑠 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (5𝑥 + 𝑦, 3𝑥 − 2𝑦) BTL2 Understanding

13. Find the matrix representation of T whose basis is 𝑓1 = (1,2) 𝑓2 = (2,3) such that BTL2 Understanding
𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2𝑦, 3𝑥 − 𝑦)
14. Define diagonalizable of a matrix with linear operator T. BTL1 Remembering

15. Find the matrix representation of usual basis {ei} to the linear operator 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = BTL2 Understanding
(2𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑥 − 4𝑦, 3𝑥)
16. Define eigen value and eigen vector of linear operator T. BTL1 Remembering

17. State Cayley-Hamilton Theorem BTL1 Remembering

18. Find f(A) where 𝐴 = (1 −2) and 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡 3 − 3𝑡 + 7 BTL2 Understanding

4 5
19. Find the matrix A whose minimum polynomial is 𝑡 3 − 5𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 + 8. BTL2 Understanding

20. Suppose 𝜆 is an eigen value of an invertible operator T. Show that 𝜆−1 is an eigen BTL3 Applying
value of 𝑇 −1 .
PART –B

Let 𝑉 and 𝑊 be vector spaces and let 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑊 be a linear transformation. If 𝛽 =

1 a) {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … , 𝑣𝑛 }is a basis for 𝑉,then show that 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑇(𝛽) = 𝑅(𝑇). Also prove that T is BTL3 Applying
one –to-one if and only if 𝑁(𝑇) = {0}
1 b) Let 𝑇: 𝑃2 (𝑅) → 𝑃3 (𝑅)be defied by 𝑇[𝑓(𝑥)] = 2𝑓 ′ (𝑥) + ∫𝑥 3𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡. Prove that T is
0
linear, find the bases for𝑁(𝑇)and 𝑅(𝑇). Compute the nullity and rank of T. Determine BTL2 Understanding
whether T is one-to-one or onto.

2a) Let 𝑉 and 𝑊 be vector spaces and 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑊 be linear then prove that 𝑁(𝑇) and
BTL3 Applying
𝑅(𝑇)that is the null space and range space are subspaces of 𝑉 and 𝑊respectively
Let 𝑇: 𝑃2 (𝑅) → 𝑃3 (𝑅)be defined by 𝑇[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)is linear. Find the bases
2b) for both 𝑁(𝑇), 𝑅(𝑇), nullity of T, rank of T and determine whether T is one –to-one or BTL2 Understanding
onto

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3a) Let 𝑉 and 𝑊 be vector spaces and 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑊 be a linear transformation. If 𝑉is finite
BTL3 Applying
dimensional then prove that nullity(T)+rank(T) = dimension (V)
Let 𝑇: 𝑅 3 → 𝑅 3 be a linear transformation defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧, 𝑦 +
3b) 𝑧, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧). Evaluate a basis and dimension of null space N(T) and range space BTL5 Evaluating
R(T) and range space R(T). Also verify dimension theorem

Let 𝑉 and 𝑊 be vector spaces over F,and suppose that{𝑣1 , 𝑣2 … … … . 𝑣𝑛 } is a basis for
4a) V, For 𝑤1 , 𝑤2 … … … . 𝑤𝑛 in W Prove that there exists exactly one linear transformation BTL3 Applying
𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑊 such that T(𝑣𝑖 ) = 𝑤𝑖 for i=1,2,…n

4b) Find a linear map 𝑇: 𝑅 3 → 𝑅 4 whose image is generated by (1,2,0,-4) and (2,0,-1,-3) BTL2 Understanding

Let 𝑉 and 𝑊 be vector spaces, let 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑊 be linear and let {𝑤1 , 𝑤2 … … … . 𝑤𝑘 }be
5a) a linearly independent subset of R(T). Prove that S= {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 … … … . 𝑣𝑛 } is chosen so BTL3 Applying
that T(𝑣𝑖 )=𝑤𝑖 for 𝑖 = 1,2,3, … . 𝑘 this is linearly independent

Point out that T is a linear transformation and find bases for both N(T) and R(T).
5b) Compute nullity rank T. Verify dimension theorem also verify whether T is one –to- BTL4 Analyzing
one or onto where 𝑇: 𝑃2 (𝑅) → 𝑃3 (𝑅) defined by 𝑇[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
Let 𝑉 and 𝑊 be vector spaces, let 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑊 be linear. Prove that T is one –to-one if
6a) and only if T carries linearly independent subsets of V onto linearly independent BTL3 Applying
subsets of w.
Suppose that T is one –to-one and that s is a subset of V .Prove that S is linearly
independent if and only if T(S) is linearly independent .Suppose 𝛽=
6b) BTL3 Applying
{𝑣1 , 𝑣2 … … … . 𝑣𝑛 } is abasis for V and T is one –to-one and onto .Prove that 𝑇(𝛽)=
{𝑇(𝑣1 ), 𝑇(𝑣2 ), … … … . , 𝑇(𝑣𝑛 )} is a basis for W
Let 𝑉 and 𝑊 be vector spaces with subspaces 𝑉1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑊1 respectively. If 𝑇: 𝑉 → 𝑊
7a) is linear .Prove that T(𝑉1) is a subspace of w and that x∈ 𝑉: 𝑇(𝑥) ∈ 𝑊1}is a subspace BTL3 Applying
of V
If 𝑇: 𝑅 4 → 𝑅 3 is a linear transformation defined T{𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 }=(𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 +
7b) 𝑥4 , 𝑥1 + 2𝑥3 − 𝑥4 , 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 3𝑥3 − 3𝑥4 ) for {𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 } ∈ 𝑅 then verify BTL4 Analyzing
Rank(T)+Nullity(T)=dim 𝑅 4 find yhe bases of N(T) and R(T)
Let T be the linear operator on R3 defined by
8a) 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (2𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 4𝑧, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑧, 6𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 𝑧) BTL2 Understanding
(i) Find the matrix of T in the basis { f1=(1,1,1), f2=(1,1,0) f3=(1,0,0) and
(ii) Verify [T]f [T]v = [T(v)]f for any vector v𝜖𝑅 3
𝑑𝑓
8b) Let D be the differential operator 𝐷(𝑓) = 𝑑𝑡
find the matrix of D for the basis
BTL2 Understanding
(i) {𝑒 5𝑡 , 𝑡𝑒 5𝑡 , 𝑡 2 𝑒 5𝑡 } (ii){𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡}
For the given matrix Evaluate all eigen values and a basis of each eigenspace .
9a) 1 −3 3 BTL5 Evaluating
𝐴 = (3 −5 3)
6 −6 4

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9b) Let 𝐴 = (2 3) Point out all eigen values of A and correspondingeigen vectors find BTL4 Analyzing
an invertible matrix P such that P-1AP is diagonal.
Let {𝑒1 , 𝑒2 , … … … 𝑒𝑛 } be a basis of 𝑉 over 𝐾 and let A be the algebra of a square matrix
10a)
over 𝐾, the mapping 𝑇 → [𝑇] is a vector space isomorphism from A(v) to A for any S, T BTL3 Applying
∈A(v), any 𝑘 ∈ 𝐾.Prove that (i) [T+S]e=[T]e+[S]e and [KT]e=K[T]e
10b) For any operator S,T ∈ 𝐴(𝑣) ,Prove that [ST]e=[S]e[T]e BTL3 Applying

Consider the bases of R2{𝑒1 = (1,0), 𝑒2 = (1,0) and { f1=(1,3) f2=(2,5)}

11a) BTL5 Evaluating
(i)find the transition matrices P and Q from {ei} to {f}i and {f}i to {ei}
(ii)verify Q=P-1(iii) Show that [v]e=P[v]f for any vector v 𝜖𝑅 3
Consider the bases of R2{ f1=(1,2) f2=(2,3)} and { g1=(1,3) g2=(1,4)} (i) Find the
11b) transition matrices P and Q from {ei} to {f}i and from {fi} to {e}i BTL5 Evaluating
(ii)Show that [T]f=P-1[T]eP for each operator T such that 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = {2𝑥 − 3𝑦, 𝑥 + 𝑦}
Let F:R3→ 𝑅 2 𝑏𝑒 the linear mapping defined by 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧, 𝑥 − 5𝑦 +
12a) 3𝑧) BTL2 Understanding
(i) Find the matrix of F in the following bases of R3and R2. { f1=(1,1,1), f2=(1,1,0)
𝑔
f3=(1,0,0)} { g1=(1,3) g2=(2,5)} (ii)Verify for any v𝜖R3[𝐹]𝑓 [v]f=[F(V)]g
Let {𝑒𝑖 } {𝑓𝑖 } and {𝑔𝑖 } are bases of 𝑉 and that P and Q are the transitions matrices from
12b) {𝑒 } to {𝑓 } and {𝑓 } to {𝑔 } respectively. Show that PQ id the transition matrices from BTL3 Applying
𝑖 𝑖 𝑖 𝑖
{𝑒𝑖 } to {𝑔𝑖 }
Let F:R3→ 𝑅 2 be the linear mapping defined by 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧, 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 +
13a) 4𝑧) BTL2 Understanding
(i)Find the matrix of F with bases R3and R2{ f1=(1,1,1), f2=(1,1,0) f3=(1,0,0)} {
𝑔
g1=(1,3) g2=(1,4)}(ii) Verify for any 𝑣𝜖𝑅 3 , [𝐹]𝑓 [𝑣]𝑓 = [𝐹(𝑉)]𝑔
1 2
13b) Let V be the space of 2X 2 matrices over R and let M=( ). Let T be linear BTL2 Understanding
3 4
operator defined by T(A)=MA .Find the trace of T.
14a) Let T be a linear operator 𝑇(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) = (−4𝑎 + 3𝑏 − 6𝑐, 6𝑎 − 7𝑏 + 12𝑐, 6𝑎 − 6𝑏 + BTL2 Understanding
11𝑐),𝛽be the ordered basis then find [𝑇]𝛽 which is a diagonal matrix
For a linear operator 𝑇: 𝑅 3 → 𝑅 3 defined as 𝑇(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐) = (−7𝑎 − 4𝑏 + 10𝑐, 4𝑎 −
14b) 3𝑏 + 8𝑐, −2𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2𝑐),Point out the eigen values of T and an ordered basis 𝛽for 𝑅 3 BTL4 Analyzing
such that the matrix of the given transformation with the respect to the new resultant
basis 𝛽 is a diagonal matrix
UNIT III -

PART -A
Bloom’s
Q.No Taxono
Questions Domain
. my
Level
Define inner Product Space and give its axioms. BTL1 Remembering
1.
Verify < 𝑢, 𝑣 > = 𝑥1 𝑦1 − 𝑥1 𝑦2 − 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 3𝑥2 𝑦2. when 𝑢 = (𝑥1 𝑥2 ) 𝑣 = (𝑦1 𝑦2 ) in BTL2 Understanding
2. an inner product.

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Find the norm of 𝑣 = (3,4) ∈ 𝑅 with respect to the usual product. BTL2 Understanding
3.
In 𝑐([0,1])let 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡, 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 Evaluate < 𝑓, 𝑔 >. BTL5 Evaluating
4.
If 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 are vector of inner product space such that < 𝑥, 𝑦 > =< 𝑥, 𝑧 >then BTL3 Applying
5.
prove that 𝑦 = 𝑧.
Normalize 𝑢 = (2,1, −1) in Euclidean space 𝑅 2 . BTL2 Understanding
6.
Prove that the norm in a inner product space satisfies ‖𝑣‖ ≥ 0 and ‖𝑣‖ = 0 if and BTL3 Applying
7.
only if v = 0.
Find the norm of 𝑣 = (1,2) ∈ 𝑅 2 with respect to the inner product < 𝑢, 𝑣 >= BTL2 Understanding
8.
𝑥1 𝑦1 − 2𝑥1 𝑦2 − 2𝑥2 𝑦1.
1 1 1 −1
9. In 𝑅 2 let β ={(√2,√2),(√2 , √2)} find the fourier coefficients of (3,4) relative to 𝛽. BTL2 Understanding

Let S={(1,0, 𝑖)(1,2,1)} in 𝑐 3 Pointout 𝑆 ⊥ BTL4 Analyzing

10.
Let W= span ({i,0,1}) in 𝑐 3 find the orthonormal bases of w and 𝑤 ⊥ BTL2 Understanding
11.

12. Let w be a subspace of v then prove that v=w⨁w. BTL3 Applying

Let T be a linear operator on v,𝛽 is an orthonormal basis then prove that BTL3 Applying
13.
[𝑇 ∗ ]𝛽 =[𝑇]𝛽
14. Let S and T be linear operators on V then prove that (𝑆 + 𝑇)∗ =𝑆 ∗ + 𝑇 ∗ BTL3 Applying
Let V=𝑅 2 ,T(a,b)=(2a+b,a-3b) x=(3,5) find 𝑇 ∗ at the given vector in V, when T is a
Linear operator. BTL2 Understanding
15.

Let T be a linear operator on an inner product space V. Let 𝑈1 =𝑇 + 𝑇 ∗ and BTL3 Applying
16.
𝑈2 = 𝑇𝑇 ∗ then prove that 𝑈1 = 𝑈1∗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑈2=𝑈2∗
Let 𝑔: 𝑣 → 𝑓 be the linear transformation ,find a vector y such that g(x)=< BTL2 Understanding
17.
𝑥, 𝑦 > for all x∈v such that V=𝑅 3 g(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 )= 𝑎1 − 2𝑎2 + 4𝑎3
18. Show that 𝐼 ∗ =I for every u,v∈ 𝑣 BTL3 Applying
Let T be a linear operator on v and let W be a T invariant subspace of V. Show that BTL3 Applying
19.
w is invariant under 𝑇 ∗
Using least square approximation to find the best fit in a linear function for {(-3,9)(-
2,6)(0,2)(1,1)} and compute error E. BTL2 Understanding
20.

PART-B
State and prove Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and Triangle inequality in an inner BTL1 Remembering
1a)
product space.
Let V be an inner product space. Prove that
(a) ‖𝑥 ± 𝑦‖2 = ‖𝑥‖2 ± 2𝑅 < 𝑥, 𝑦 > +‖𝑦‖2 for all x, y ∈ V, where 𝑅 < 𝑥, 𝑦 > BTL3 Applying
1b) denotes the real part of the complex number < 𝑥, 𝑦 >.
(b) |‖𝑥‖ − ‖𝑦‖|2 ≤ ‖𝑥 − 𝑦‖ for all x, y ∈ V.
Let x = (2, 1+i, i) and y = (2-i, 2, 1+2i) be vectors in C3. Compute < 𝑥, 𝑦 >.‖𝑥‖,
2a) ‖𝑦‖and ‖𝑥 + 𝑦‖. Then verify both the Cauchy Schwarz inequality and the triangle BTL4 Analyzing
inequality.
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Let V be an inner product space, for x, y, z ∈ V and C∈ F, checkwhether the
following are true.
(i) < 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑧 > = < 𝑥, 𝑦 > +< 𝑥, 𝑧 >
2b) (ii) < 𝑥, 𝑐𝑦 > = 𝑐̅ < 𝑥, 𝑦 > BTL4 Analyzing
(iii) < 𝑥, 0 > =< 0, 𝑥 > = 0
(iv) < 𝑥, 𝑥 > = 0if and only if x=0.
(v) < 𝑥, 𝑦 > = < 𝑥, 𝑧 > for all x∈V then y=z
In 𝐶([0, 1]), let f(t) = t and g(t) = 𝑒 𝑡 . Compute < 𝑓, 𝑔 >, ‖𝑓‖, ‖𝑔‖ and ‖𝑓 + 𝑔‖. BTL4 Analyzing
3a)
Then verify both the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and the triangle inequality.
Let V be an inner product space, and suppose that x and y are orthogonal vectors in
V. Prove that ‖𝑥 + 𝑦‖2 =‖𝑥‖2 + ‖𝑦‖2 . Deduce the Pythagorean theorem in 𝑅 2 .
(a) 𝑉 = 𝑅 3 , 𝑆 = {(1, 0,1), (0,1,1), (1,3,3)} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = (1,1,2)
(b) 𝑉 = 𝑅 3 , 𝑆 = {(1, 1,1), (0,1,1), (0,0,1)} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = (1,0,1)
1
(c) 𝑉 = 𝑃2 (𝑅)with the inner product < 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑔(𝑥) > = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 , 𝑆 = BTL3 Applying
3b)
{1, 𝑥, 𝑥 2 }, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 .
(d) 𝑉 = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 (𝑠), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑆 = {(1, 𝑖, 0), (1 − 𝑖, 2,4𝑖)}𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = (3 + 𝑖, 4𝑖, −1)
(e) 𝑉 = 𝑅 𝑡 , 𝑆 = {(2, −1, −2,4), (−2,1, −5,5), (−1,3,7,11)}𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 =
(−11,8, −4,18)
(f) 𝑉 = 𝑅 𝑡 , 𝑆 = {(1, −2, −1,3), (3,6,3, −1), (1,4,2,8)}𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = (−1,2,1,1)
Let V be an inner product space and 𝑆 = {𝑤1 , 𝑤2 , … 𝑤𝑛 } be a linearly independent
subset of V. Define 𝑆 ′ = {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … 𝑣𝑛 } where 𝑣1 = 𝑤1 and 𝑣𝑘 = 𝑤1 −
<𝑤𝑘 𝑣𝑗 >
∑𝑘−1
𝑗=1
′
2 𝑣𝑗 for 22 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 𝑛. Then 𝑆 is an orthogonal set of nonzero vectors BTL5 Evaluating
4a) ‖𝑣𝑗 ‖
such that Span (𝑆 ′ ) = 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 (𝑠). Evaluate by applying Gram-Schmidt Process to the
given subsets and inner product V obtain orthogonal basis for Span (s), orthonormal
basis β of span (s) and fourier co-efficients.

Evaluate using the Gram Schmidt Process to the given subset 𝑆 =

{(1, 1,1), (0,1,1), (0,0,1)} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = (1,0,1) of the inner product space 𝑉 = 𝑅 3 to
obtain an orthogonal basis for span(S). Then normalize the vectors in this basis to BTL5 Evaluating
4b)
obtain an orthonormal basis β for span(S), and compute the Fourier coefficients of the
given vector relative to β.

Let W be a finite dimensional subspace of an inner product space v and let y∈V then
5a) show that there exists unique vectors u∈w and z∈ 𝑤 ⊥ such that y=u+z . Furthermore BTL3 Applying
if {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … 𝑣𝑘 } is an orthonormal basis for w then show that u=∑𝑘𝑖=1 < 𝑦, 𝑣𝑖 > 𝑣𝑖
Evaluate by the Gram Schmidt Process to the given subset 𝑆 =
{(1, −2, −1,3), (3,6,3, −1), (1,4,2,8)}𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = (−1,2,1,1) of the inner product space
𝑉 = 𝑅 4 to obtain an orthogonal basis for span(S). Then normalize the vectors in this BTL5 Evaluating
5b)
basis to obtain an orthonormal basis β for span(S), and compute the Fourier
coefficients of the given vector relative to β.

1
Let V=P(R) and < 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑔(𝑥) > = ∫−1 𝑓(𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡, 𝛽be the standard ordered basis, BTL4 Analyzing
6a)
using Gram- Schmidt process obtain orthonormal basis for 𝑃2 (𝑅).
Suppose that S={𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … 𝑣𝑘 } is an orthonormal set in an n-dimensional inner BTL3 Applying
6b)
product space V. Then Prove that
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(a) S can be extended to an orthonormal basis {𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , … 𝑣𝑘 , 𝑣𝐾+1 … … . 𝑣𝑛 } for V
(b)If W= span(S),then 𝑠1 ={𝑣𝐾+1 , 𝑣𝐾+2 … … . 𝑣𝑛 } is an orthonormal basis for 𝑤 ⊥
(c) If W is any subspace of V , then dim(v)=dim(w)+dim(𝑤 ⊥ ).
Evaluate byapplying the Gram Schmidt Process to the given subset with the inner
1
product < 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑔(𝑥) > = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 , 𝑆 = {1, 𝑥, 𝑥 2 }, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 .of the
7a) inner product space 𝑉 = 𝑃2 (𝑅) to obtain an orthogonal basis for span(S). Then BTL2 Understanding
normalize the vectors in this basis to obtain an orthonormal basis β for span(S), and
compute the Fourier coefficients of the given vector relative to β.
Let V be an inner product space , S and 𝑠0 be subsets of V, and W be a finite
dimensional subspace of V .Prove the following results.
(a) 𝑠0 𝐶𝑆implies that 𝑠 ⊥ ⊆ 𝑠 ⊥ 0.
7b) (b) 𝑆 ⊆(𝑠 ⊥ )⊥ ; so span (𝑆) ⊆(𝑠 ⊥ )⊥ ; BTL3 Applying
(c) 𝑊 =(𝑤 ⊥ )⊥ ;
(d) V=w⨁𝑤 ⊥
1
Let V=C({-1,1}) with the inner product < 𝑓, 𝑔 > = ∫−1 𝑓(𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡, and let W be
8a) the subspace 𝑃2 (𝑅), viewed as a space of functions. Use the orthonormal basis BTL2 Understanding
obtained to compute the “best”(closet) second degree polynomial approximation of
the function h(t)=𝑒 𝑡 on the interval [-1,1]
Let V be a finite dimensional inner product space and let T be a linear operator on
∗
8b) V. Then prove that there exists a unique function 𝑇 : 𝑣 → 𝑣 such that BTL3 Applying
< 𝑇(𝑥), 𝑦 >=< 𝑥, 𝑇 ∗ (𝑦) > for all x,y∈V Futhermore𝑇 ∗ is linear.
Let V be a finite-dimensional inner product space , and let S be an orthonormal BTL3 Applying
9a)
basis for V. if T is a linear operator on V, then prove that [T*]β = [T]*β
For each of the following inner product spaces V and linear operators T on V,
9b) evaluate T* at the given vector in V. 𝑉 = 𝐶 2 , 𝑇(𝑍1, 𝑍2) = (2𝑍1 + 𝑖𝑍2 , (1 − BTL5 Evaluating
𝑖)𝑍1 ), 𝑥 = (3 − 𝐼, 1 + 2𝑖)
Let V be an inner product space, and let T and U be linear operators on V. then
10a) verify(a) 9T+U)*=T*+U*; (b) (𝑐𝑇)*=𝑐̅ 𝑇* for any 𝑐 ∈ 𝐹; (c) (TU)* = U*T*; BTL4 Analyzing
(d) T** = T; I* = I
For each of the sets of data that follows, use the least squares approximation to find
10b) the best fits with both (i) a linear function and (ii) a quadratic function. Compute BTL2 Understanding
the error E in both cases. {(-3, 9), (-2, 6), (0, 2),(1, 1)}
Let 𝐴𝜖𝑀𝑚𝑋𝑛 (𝐹)and 𝑏𝜖𝐹 𝑚 . Suppose that Ax = b is consistent. Then prove the
following statements are true. (a) there exists exactly one minimal solution s of
11a) BTL3 Applying
Ax = b, and 𝑠𝜖𝑅(𝐿𝐴∗) . (b) the vector s is the only solution to 𝐴𝑥 = 𝑏 that lies in
𝑅(𝐿𝐴∗) ; that is, if 𝑢 satisfies (AA*)u = b, then 𝑠 = 𝐴∗ 𝑢
Consider the system 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4; 𝑥 – 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −11; 𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 19; BTL2 Understanding
11b) find the minimal solution
Let V be a finite-dimensional inner product space over F, and let g: V→ F be a
12a) linear transformation. Then prove that there exists a unique vector 𝑦 ∈ 𝑉 such that BTL3 Applying
𝑔(𝑥) = < 𝑥, 𝑦 > for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑉

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For each of the following inner product spaces V and linear operators Ton V,
12b) evaluate T* at the given vector in V. 𝑉 = 𝑅 2 , 𝑇(𝑎, 𝑏) + ( 2𝑎 + 𝑏, 𝑎 − 3𝑏), BTL5 Evaluating
𝑥 = (3, 5)
Let A and B be 𝑛 𝑋 𝑛 matrices. Then prove that (a) (𝐴 + 𝐵)∗ = 𝐴∗ + 𝐵 ∗ (b) BTL3 Applying
13a) (𝑐𝐴)∗ = 𝑐̅𝐴∗ for all 𝑐 ∈ 𝐹 (c) (AB)* = B*A*(d) A** = A (e) I* = I
Let V be a finite-dimensional inner product space and let T be a linear operator on BTL3 Applying
13b) V. prove that if T is invertible, then T* is invertible and (T*)-1 = (T-1)*
For each of the following inner product spaces V and linear operators T on V,
14a) evaluate T* at the given vector in V. 𝑉 = 𝑃1 (R) with < 𝑓, 𝑔 > = BTL5 Evaluating
1
∫−1 𝑓(𝑡)𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡. 𝑇(𝑓) = 𝑓’ + 3𝑓, 𝑓(𝑡) = 4 – 2𝑡
For each of the sets of data that follows, use the least squares approximation to find
the best fits with both (i) a linear function and (ii) a quadratic function. Compute the
14b) BTL4 Analyzing
error E in both cases.
{(-2, 4), (-1, 3), (0, 1), (1, -1), (2, -3)}

UNIT IV - PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Formation – Solutions of first order equations – Standard types and equations reducible to standard types – Singular
solutions – Lagrange’s linear equation – Integral surface passing through a given curve – Classification of partial
differential equations - Solution of linear equations of higher order with constant coefficients – Linear non-
homogeneous partial differential equations.

PART- A

Q.No Bloom’s
. Question Taxonomy Domain
Level
Form a partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary constants ‘a’ and ‘b’ BTL -6 Creating
1. from z = ax 2 + by 2.
Eliminate the arbitrary function from 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) and form the partial BTL -6 Creating
2.
differential equation
Construct the partial differential equation of all spheres whose centers lie on the x- BTL -3 Applying
3. axis.
Form the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary function f from BTL- 6 Creating
4. 𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑦 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦).
Form the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary constants a, b from BTL -6 Creating
5. the relation log( az − 1) = x + ay + b.
 x
Form the PDE by eliminating the arbitrary function from   z − xy, =0
2 BTL -6 Creating
z 
6.


7. Form the partial differential equation from ( x − a) 2 + ( y − b) 2 = z 2 cot 2  BTL -6 Creating

Form the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary function  from BTL -6 Creating
8. ( x 2 − y 2 , z ) = 0

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Form the partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constants a and b from
BTL -6 Creating
9. ( x − a) 2 + ( y − b) 2 + z 2 = 1

10. Find the complete integral of√𝑝 + √𝑞 = 1. BTL -3 Applying

11. Find the complete solution of q = 2 px BTL -3 Applying

12. Find the complete integral of p + q = pq BTL -3 Applying

13. Solve px 2 + qy 2 = z 2 BTL -3 Applying

14. Solve ( D 2 − 7 DD '+6 D' 2 ) z = 0 BTL -3 Applying

15. Solve ( D 3 − D 2 D'−8DD'2 +12D'3 ) z = 0 BTL -3 Applying

 2 z  2 z z
16. Solve − + =0 BTL -3 Applying
x 2 xy x
17. Solve ( D 4 − D' 4 ) z = 0 BTL -3 Applying

18. Solve ( D + D'−1)( D − 2 D'+3) z = 0 BTL -3 Applying

19. Solve ( D − D' ) 3 z = 0 BTL -3 Applying

20. Solve ( D − 1)( D − D'+1) z = 0 BTL -3 Applying

PART – B
Find the PDE of all planes which are at a constant distance ‘k’ units from the origin. BTL -6 Creating
1.(a)

1. (b) Find the singular integral of z = px + qy + 1 + p 2 + q 2 BTL -2 Understanding

Form the partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary function  from BTL -6 Creating
2. (a) ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 , ax + by + cz ) = 0

2.(b) Find the singular integral of z = px + qy + p 2 + pq + q 2 BTL -2 Understanding

Form the partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary functions f and g

y BTL -6 Creating
3. (a)
from z = x f ( ) + y g ( x)
x
p q
Solve ( + x) + ( + y ) = 1 BTL -3 Applying
2 2
3.(b)
2 2
4. (a) Solve x 2 p + y 2 q = z ( x + y) BTL -3 Applying

Form the partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary function f and g from Creating
4.(b) the relation𝑧 = 𝑥 𝑓( 𝑥 + 𝑡) + 𝑔( 𝑥 + 𝑡)

5. (a) Solve ( x 2 − yz ) p + ( y 2 − xz)q = ( z 2 − xy) BTL -3 Applying

5.(b) Solve 9( p 2 z + q 2 ) = 4 BTL -3 Applying

Find the general solution of ( 3𝑧 − 4𝑦 )𝑝 + (4𝑥 − 2𝑧 )𝑞 = 2𝑦 – 3𝑥 BTL -2 Understanding

6. (a)

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6.(b) Solve ( y + z ) p − xyq + xz = 0
2 2
BTL -3 Applying

7. (a) Find the complete solution of z 2 ( p 2 + q 2 + 1) = 1 BTL -4 Analyzing

7. (b) Find the general solution of ( D 2 + 2DD'+ D'2 ) z = 2 cos y − x sin y BTL -2 Understanding

8. (a) Find the general solution of ( D 2 + D'2 ) z = x 2 y 2 BTL -2 Understanding

8.(b) Find the singular integral of z = px + qy + p 2 − q 2 BTL -2 Understanding

x+2 y
9. (a) Solve ( D − 3DD '+2D' ) z = (2 + 4 x)e
2 2 Applying
BTL -3

9.(b) Find the general solution of ( z − y − 2 yz ) p + ( xy + zx)q = ( xy − zx)

2 2
BTL -2 Understanding

10.(a) Solve x( y − z ) p + y( z − x )q = z ( x − y )
2 2 2 2 2 2 Applying
BTL -3

10.(b) Solve ( D − 3DD '+2 D' ) z = sin( x + 5 y)

2 2
BTL -3 Applying

11.(a) Solve the Lagrange’s equation ( x + 2 z ) p + (2 xz − y)q = x + y

2
BTL -3 Applying
2 x+4 y
11.(b) Solve ( D − DD'−2D' ) z = 2 x + 3 y + e
2 2
BTL -3 Applying

12(a) Solve ( D − 5DD'+6D' ) z = y sin x

2 2
BTL -3 Applying

12.(b) Solve the partial differential equation ( x − 2 z ) p + (2 z − y ) q = y − x BTL -3 Applying

2 2 5𝑥+𝑦
13.(a) Solve ( 𝐷 − 𝐷𝐷’ − 20𝐷’ ) 𝑧 = 𝑒 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (4𝑥 − 𝑦). BTL -3 Applying

13.(b) Solve ( D − 3DD '+2 D' +2 D − 2 D' ) z = sin( 2 x + y).

2 2
BTL -3 Applying
x− y
14.(a) Solve ( D + 2DD '+ D' ) z = x y + e
2 2 2
BTL -3 Applying

14.(b) Solve ( D − 7 DD ' −6D' ) z = sin( x + 2 y)

3 2 3
BTL -3 Applying
UNIT V - FOURIER SERIES SOLUTIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Dirichlet’s conditions – General Fourier series – Half range sine and cosine series - Method of separation of variables
– Solutions of one dimensional wave equation and one-dimensional heat equation – Steady state solution of two-
dimensional heat equation – Fourier series solutions in Cartesian coordinates.

PART –A

Bloom Domain
Q.No ’s
Question
. Taxon
omy
Level
State the Dirichlet’s conditions for a function f(x) to be expanded as a Fourier series. BTL -
Remembering
1. 1

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Determine the value of 𝑎𝑛 in the Fourier series expansion of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 in (-𝜋, 𝜋). BTL - Evaluating
2. 5
If the function f(x) = x in the interval 0<x<2𝜋 then find the constant term of the Fourier Understanding
BTL -
series expansion of the function f.
3. 2

Write 𝑎0 , 𝑎𝑛 in the expression 𝑥 + 𝑥 3 as a Fourier series in (-𝜋, 𝜋) BTL- Applying

4. 3
Write the formula for Half Range Fourier sine series BTL- Applying
5. 3
𝜋2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 1 BTL - Understanding
If (𝜋 − 𝑥)2 = + 4 ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑖𝑛 0 < 𝑥 < 2𝜋 then deduce that value of∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛2 .
6. 3 𝑛2 2
If f(x) is an odd function defined in (-𝑙,𝑙). What are the valuesof𝑎0 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛 ? BTL - Creating
7. 6
If the function f(x) = x in the interval 0<x<2𝜋 then find the constant term of the Fourier BTL - Creating
8. series expansion of the function f. 6
Does 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥posses a Fourier expansion? BTL - Understanding
9. 2
Find the Half Range Fourier cosine series of the function f(x)=x in the interval (-l,l). BTL -
10. Applying
3
Classify the PDE (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑍𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑍𝑥𝑦 + (1 − 𝑦 2 )𝑍𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑍𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 − 2𝑍 = 0 BTL-4 Analyzing
11.

12. Classify the PDE 𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 𝑢𝑥𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) BTL-4 Analyzing

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
13. Solve𝜕𝑥 = 2 𝜕𝑡 + 𝑢where 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 6𝑒 −3𝑥 by method of separation of variables BTL-3 Applying

What are the various solutions of one dimensional wave equation BTL-1 Remembering
14.
2 y 2  y
2

15. In the wave equation = c what does C2 stand for? BTL-2 Understanding
t 2
x 2

A slightly stretched string of length l has its ends fastenedat x = 0 and x = l is initially in
𝜋𝑥
16. a position given by 𝑦(𝑥, 0) = 𝑦0 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑙 .If it is released from rest from this position, BTL-2 Understanding
write the boundary conditions
A tightly stretched string with end points 𝑥 = 0&𝑥 = 𝑙is initially at rest in BTL -
17. equilibrium position. If it is set vibrating giving each point velocity 𝜆𝑥(𝑙 − 𝑥). Write Applying
3
the initial and boundary conditions
u  2u
In the one dimensional heat equation =C2 BTL -
t x 2 Applying
18. 3
what is C2 ?

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19. Write down the three possible solutions of Laplace equation in two dimensions BTL-1 Remembering

BTL -
20. Write down the various possible solutions of one dimensional heat flow equation? Applying
3
PART-B
Find the Fourier series of 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥|𝑖𝑛 − 𝜋 < 𝑥 < 𝜋 of periodicity 2𝜋. BTL - Remembering
1.(a) 1
1 BTL -
Find the Fourier series of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑖𝑛 − 𝜋 < 𝑥 < 𝜋.Hence deduce the value of ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛2 Remembering
1. (b) 1
Obtain the Fourier series to represent the function
BTL - Understanding
2. (a) 1 𝜋2
𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|, −𝜋 < 𝑥 < 𝜋 and Deduce ∑∞
𝑛=1 (2𝑛−1)2 = . 2
8

0 −𝜋 ≤𝑥 ≤𝜋
Find the Fourier series of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { and Hence Evaluate BTL - Understanding
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋
2.(b) 1 1 1 2
+ 3.5 + 5.7 +……
1.3

2𝑥
1+ , −𝜋 < 𝑥 < 0
𝜋
Expand 𝑓(𝑥) = { 2𝑥 as a full range Fourier series in the interval BTL - Remembering
3. (a) 1− , 0<𝑥<𝜋
𝜋 1
1 1 1 𝜋2
(−𝜋, 𝜋).Hence deduce that + 32 + 52 + ⋯ ∞ = .
12 8

Find a Fourier series with period 3 to represent BTL - Remembering

3.(b) 2 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑖𝑛(0,3).

Determine the Fourier series for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑖𝑛 BTL -
4. (a) Evaluating
0 < 𝑥 < 2𝜋. 5

1 − 𝑥, − 𝜋 < 𝑥 < 0
Obtain the Fourier series for the function f(x) given by 𝑓(𝑥) = {
1 + 𝑥, 0<𝑥<𝜋
Hence deduce that BTL - Applying
4.(b) 3
1 1 1 𝜋2
+ + + ⋯ =
12 32 52 8

5. (a) Expand 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥, 0<𝑥<1

as a series of cosines in the interval (0,2).
BTL - Remembering
2−𝑥, 1< 𝑥 < 2 1
Find the Fourier expansion of the following periodic function of period 4 𝑓(𝑥) =
2 + 𝑥, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
{ BTL - Remembering
5.(b) 2 − 𝑥, 0≤𝑥≤2
2
1 1 1 𝜋2
Hence deduce that 12 + 32 + 52 + ⋯ ∞ = .
8

|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥|𝑖𝑛 − 𝜋 < 𝑥 < 𝜋.

6. (a) Determine the Fourier series for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = BTL - Remembering
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2
Find the Fourier series of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 in (-𝜋, 𝜋) with period 2𝜋.Hence deduce BTL -
1 𝜋2 Applying
6.(b) ∑∞ 3
𝑛=1 𝑛2 = 6 .

A string is stretched and fastened to two points that are distinct string l apart. Motion
7 is started by displacing the string into the form 𝑦 = 𝑘(𝑙𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )from which it is
BTL-2 Understanding
released at time t=0. Find the displacement of any point on the string at a distance of 𝑥
from one end at time t.
A tightly stretched string of length 2 l is fastened at both ends. The Midpoint of the
8 string is displaced by a distance 𝑏 transversely and the string is released from rest in BTL-2 Understanding
this position. Find an expression for the transverse displacement of the string at any
time during the subsequent motion.
A slightly stretched string of length l has its ends fastened at
𝑥 = 0and𝑥 = l is initially in a position given by
9 BTL-2 Understanding
𝜋𝑥
𝑦(𝑥, 0) = 𝑦0 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑙 .
If it is released from rest from this position, find the
displacement 𝑦 at any distance 𝑥from one end and at any time.

A tightly stretched string with fixed end points 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = l is initially at rest in
its equilibrium position. If it is set vibrating string giving each point a velocity BTL-3 Applying
10 𝜆𝑥(𝑙 − 𝑥). Find the displacement of the string at any distance 𝑥 from one end at any
time 𝑡.
A rod 30 cm long has its ends A and B kept at 200 and 800 respectively until steady
11 state conditions prevail. The temperature at each end is then suddenly reduced to 00C BTL-2 Understanding
and kept so. Find the resulting temperature function u(x, t) taking x = 0 at A.
A rectangular plate with insulated surface is 10 cm wide and so long compared to its
width that it may be considered infinite in length without introducing appreciable
20𝑥 , 0≤𝑥≤5 BTL-2 Understanding
12 error. The temperature at short edge y=0 is given by 𝑢 = {
20(10 − 𝑥), 5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10
and all the other three edges are kept at 00C. Find the steady state temperature at any
point in the plate.
An infinitely long rectangular plate with insulated surface is 10cm wide. The two long
edges and one short edge are kept at 00C, while the other short edge x=0 is kept at
13 temperature
BTL-2 Understanding
20𝑦 , 0≤𝑦≤5
𝑢={ . Find the steady state temperature distribution in the
20(10 − 𝑦), 5 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 10
plate.
u  2u
Solve =C2 subject to the conditions (i) u(0,t)=0
t x 2 BTL-3 Applying
14
for all 𝑡 ≥ 0 (ii) 𝑢(𝑙, 𝑡) = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡 ≥ 0

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 l
 x if 0  x 
(iii) u ( x,0) =  2
.
l
l − x if  x  l
 2

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