Linear Algebra: 2190 Assignment 3 Due: 22/04/2020

Assignment Submission Instructions: Answer the following questions

in typed/handwritten form and upload it to your LMS Dropbox by the
due date mentioned above. Late submissions will only be accepted
on the discretion of the Teaching Assistant. Those who do not have
access to the LMS can upload it on the Onedrive Link posted on Piazza. If
there are any circumstances that prevent you from meeting the deadline,
email the TA at mashartafhim@khi.iba.edu.pk at least one day before
the deadline. Evidence of plagiarism will be reported to the IBA
Disciplinary Committee. The assignment is lengthy and designed to
challenged you, so I advise that you start as soon as possible to be able to
do it before the due date.

1. (a) Find whether the following set of vectors are linearly independent or
not.
1. {(2, 1, −1, 3)T , (−1, 3, 1, 0)T , (5, 1, 2, 3)T }
2. {(3, 0, −3, 6)T , (−2, 0, 0 − 6)T , (0, −4, −2, −2)T , (0, −8, 4, −4)T }
     
 1 1 1 −2 1 2 1 0 0 
3.  3 5 6  ,  4 1 2  ,  0 1 0 
−2 2 7 −6 −3 4 0 0 1
 
4. {2 − x + 4x2 , 3 + 6x + 2x2 , 2 + 10x + 4x2 }
(b) When is a set of vectors, consisting only of one vector, linearly indepen-
dent?
(c) Show that if S = {v1 , v2 , v3 , . . . , vn } is a linearly independent set then
any non empty subset of S is also linearly independent.
(d) Show that if {v1 , v2 } and {u1 , u2 } are linearly independent then {v1 , v2 , u1 , u2 }
need not be linearly independent by giving a counter example.
2. Let x1 = (2, 1, 3)T , x2 = (3, −1, 4)T , x3 = (2, 6, 4)T ,
(a) Is {x1 , x2 , x3 } a basis for R3 ?
(b) Does {x1 , x2 } span R3 ? What is the dimension of Span({x1 , x2 })?
(c) What other vector can we add to {x1 , x2 } to make it into a basis?
3. A matrix is said to be a semi-magic square if its row sums and column sums
(i.e., the sum of entries in an individual row or column) all add up to the
same number. An example is
 
8 1 6
3 5 7
4 9 2

whose row and column sums are all equal to 15.

Linear Algebra: 2190 Assignment 3 Due: 22/04/2020

(a) Explain why the set of all semi-magic squares is a subspace of the vector
space of 3 × 3 matrices.
(b) Prove that the 3 × 3 permutation matrices (i.e. matrices with only one
1 in each column and in each row with the rest of the entries being zero
e,g, identity matrix) span the space of semi-magic squares. What is its
dimension?
(c) A magic square also has the diagonal and anti-diagonal (running from
top right to bottom left) add up to the common row and column sum;
the preceding 3×3 example is magic. Does the set of 3×3 magic squares
form a vector space? If so, what is its dimension?
(d) Write down a formula for all 3 × 3 magic squares.

4. Prove that if v1 , v2 , . . . , vn form a basis of Rn and A is a invertible matrix,

then Av1 , Av2 , . . . , Avn is also a basis for Rn .

5. Find dimensions of the following vector spaces.

(a) Solution space of
x1 − 4x2 + x3 − x4 = 0
2x1 − 8x2 + 6x3 − 2x4 = 0
(b) The plane 3x − 2y + 5z = 0
(c) All vectors of form (a, b, c, d) where d = a + b and c = a − b

6. Let v1 = (4, 6, 7)T , v2 = (0, 1, 1)T , v3 = (0, 1, 2)T , and let u1 , u2 , and u3
be the vectors (1, 1, 1)T , (1, 2, 2)T , (2, 3, 4)T respectively.
(a) Find the transition matrix from {v1 , v2 , v3 } to {u1 , u2 , u3 }.
(b) If x = 2v1 + 3v2 − 4v3 , determine the coordinates of x with respect to
{u1 , u2 , u3 }.

7. For each of the following, find the transition matrix corresponding to the
change of basis from {u1 , u2 } to {e1 , e2 }:
(a) u1 = (1, 1)T , u2 = (−1, 1)T
(b) u1 = (1, 2)T , u2 = (2, 5)T
(c) u1 = (0, 1)T , u2 = (1, 0)T

8. (a) For the following matrices find the row spaces, column spaces and null
spaces. Also, find the basis for these spaces;
 
1 3 2
(a)  2 1 4 
4 7 8

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Linear Algebra: 2190 Assignment 3 Due: 22/04/2020

 
2 5 7
6 13 19 
(b) 
3

8 11 
1 2 3
(c) for the vector b = (1, 2, 3)T , check whether b is in the column spaces of
the marices in part (a). Conclude whether the system of linear system
is consistent or not.

9. Let A and B be m×n matrices. Show that rank(A+B) ≤ rank(A)+rank(B)

10. Show that each of the following are linear operators on R2 . Describe geo-
metrically what each linear transformation accomplishes.
(a) L(x) = (−x1 , x2 )T
(b) L(x) = −x
(c) L(x) = (x2 , x1 )T
(d) L(x) = 0.5x
(e) L(x) = x2 e2
(f) L(x) = (2x1 , x2 )T

11. Let P be the set of all polynomials with real coefficients and Let D : P → P
be the map D(p(x)) = p0 (x)
(a) Show that ker(D) consists of constant polynomials i.e. p(x) = a0 where
a0 is a real number.
(b) Show D is surjective.
(c) If Q is the subspace of P consisting only of polynomials with only integer
coefficients then show that D : Q → Q is not surjective by showing a
counterexample.

12. (a) Show that if L : V → V is a non-zero linear transformation where V

is one-dimensional vector space, then L is one-to-one and onto. (Hint:
Find the nullity and rank)
(b) Show that a linear transformation L : V → W is one-to-one if and only
if ker(L) = {0}.

13. For each of the following linear transformations L mapping R3 into R2 , find
a matrix Asuch that L(x) = Ax for every x in R3 :
(a) L((x1 , x2 , x3 )T ) = (x1 + x2 , 0)T
(b) L((x1 , x2 , x3 )T ) = (x1 , x2 )T
(c) L((x1 , x2 , x3 )T ) = (x2 − x1 , x3 − x2 )T

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Linear Algebra: 2190 Assignment 3 Due: 22/04/2020

14. Let      
1 1 0
b1 = 1 , b2 = 0 , b3 = 1 
    
0 1 1
and let L be the linear transformation from R2 into R3 defined by L(x) =
x1 b1 + x2 b2 + (x1 + x2 )b3 Find the matrix A representing L with respect to
basis {e1 , e2 } and {b1 , b2 , b3 }

15. Let M be the vector space of all 2 × 2 matrices.

  L : M → M be a
Let
1 0
function defined as L(M ) = SM S where S = .
0 1
(a) Show L is a linear transformation.
(b) Find the matrix associated to the linear transformation L.
(c) Use the matrix of L to find the kernel and image of L.

16. Let {u1 , u2 } and {v1 , v2 } be ordered bases for R2 , where

       
1 −1 2 1
u1 = , u2 = , v1 = , v2 =
1 1 1 0

Let L be the linear transformation defined by L(x) = (−x1 , x2 )T and let B

be the matrix representing L with respect to {u1 , u2 }.
(a) Find the transition matrix S corresponding to the change of basis from
{u1 , u2 } to {v1 , v2 }.
(b) Find the matrix A representing L with respect to {v1 , v2 } by computing
SBS −1 .
(c) Verify that
L(v1 ) = a11 v1 + a21 v2
L(v2 ) = a12 v1 + a22 v2

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