OBSTETRICS Operculom- mucus plug
1st Trimester- 0-12 weeks Hegar’s sign- softening of the lower uterine
segment
2nd Trimester- 13-26 weeks
Goodel’s sign- softening of the cervix
3rd Trimester- 27-42 weeks
Chadwick sign- bluish or purplish discoloration
Pelvic rock exercise- relieves backache during
the vagina
pregnancy
Rectovaginal Fistula- abnormal opening
Kegel exercise- strengthened pubococcygeal
between rectum and vaginal
muscles
Ballotement – bouncing back of the fetus when
2:1- L/S ratio as lung maturity
the examiner tapped the lower uterine segment
12 weeks- level of symphysis pubis
Braxton Hicks Contractions- painless irregular
16 weeks- halfway between symphysis pubis contraction
and umbilicus
Linea Negra- brown pinkish line – symphysis
20 weeks- level of umbilicus pubis to umbilicus
36 weeks- level of xiphoid process Waddling Gait- awkward walking due to
relaxation
25-30 lbs or 10-12 kgs- weight gain during
pregnancy 1st Ectopic Pregnancy- pregnancy outside the
trimester- 1 lb per month 2nd – uterus
3rd trimester- 1 lb per week
Threatened Abortion- closed cervix, (+) FHT
Magnesium sulfate- drug for convulsion during
Inevitable Abortion- open cervix, (-) FHT
eclampsia
Missed abortion- closed cervix, (-) FHT, baby
Calcium gluconate- antidote for magnesium
inside the womb
sulfate toxicity
Complete Abortion- all products are expelled
Placenta Previa- abnormally implanted placenta
on the lower segment of the uterus Incomplete Abortion- retention of some
product
Abruptio Placenta- early detachment of
normally implanted placenta Septic Abortion- fever, foul vaginal discharge
Hyperemesis Gravidarum- severe nausea and Habitual Abortion- recurrent pregnancy loss- 3
vomiting or more
8-10 folds-uterine lining Doderleins Baccilus- causes the vagina becomes
acidic in nature
Estrogen- thickened the uterine lining
Fertilization- union of egg and sperm cell
- thinning the cervical mucus
Zygote- fertilized egg
Progesterone- maintain the thickness of the
uterine lining. Ampulla- site of fertilization
-thickened the cervical mucus Fundal, upper third of uterus- site for
implantation
3 Types of Estrogen
Salpingectomy- removal of fallopian tube
Estrone- predominant during menopause
Hysterectomy- removal of uterus
Estradiol- predominant duing reproductive
years (15-49 y/o). STRONGEST FORM Oophorectomy- removal of ovaries
Estriol- predominant during pregnancy. MOST TAHBSO- Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
ABUNDANT, but WEAKEST FORM Bilateral Salphingo Oophorectomy
Chloasma- mask of pregnancy Endometriosis- growth of endometrial cell
outside the uterus
Lordosis- pride of pregnancy
Endometritis- inflammation of the uterine lining
Ptyalism- increase salivation
Amniotomy- artificial rupture of bag of water
Amniocentesis- amniotic fluid test Upper Outer Quadrant- most common site of
breast tumor
PRIORITY TO ASSESS: FETAL HEART RATE *fetal
distress is possible bec. It can possibly cause Betamethasone (Celestone)- promote lung
CORD COMPRESSION. marurity; 2 doses- 12 mg 24 hrs apart
120-160 bpm- normal fetal heart rate Normal Saline Solution- compatible for blood
transfusion
Fetal tachycardia- more than 160 bpm- earlist
sign of fetal distress Lactated Ringer Solution- IVF for hemorrhage
Fetal bradycardia – less than 120 bpm-late sign Mastitis- also known as breast fever.
of fetal distress Inflammation of the breast. Occurs 2-3 weeks
postpartum
ROA (RIGHT OCCIPIT0ANTERIOR)- ideal fetal
position for healthy delivery Breast Engorgement – occurs WITHIN 1ST week
postpartum. Mngt. Before feeding- apply warm
ROP (RIGHT OCCIPITOPOSTERIOR) – can cause
compress. After feeding- cold compress
backpain and prolonged labor
Sore Nipple- cracked, wet and painful nipple.
Suboccipitobhregmatic- smallest
Mngt. Exposure to air or 20-watt bulb
anteroposterior diameter 9.5 cm
Condom- the only contraceptive that prevent
Fetal Position- refers to whether the fetus is
STI’s
facing backward (facing the woman’s back
when she lies down) or forward (facing the Vasectomy= 0 sperm count- best indicator
woman’s abdomen when she lies down)
2 Arteries 1 Vein (AVA)= Umbilical Cord
Occiput Anterior (OA) or Vertex Presentation-
Amniotic Fluid Volume= 500 -1200 ml, average
facing the mother’s back
1000 ml
Occiput Posterior (OP)- facing the mother’s
Polyhydramnios- excessive amniotic fluid
front or abdomen
volume; 2000 ml and above
4 MAIN PELVIC TYPES
Oligohydramnios- low level of amniotic fluid;
Gynecoid- round brim, best type for
less than 300 ml
childbearing
Android- male pelvis, heart shape RH Incompatibility- Mother is RH negative,
Anthropoid- ape, oval fetus is RH positive
Plattypelloid- rarest, flat, kidney bean shape, *Give Rhogam Shot @28 weeks AOG or within
wide transverse, narrow APD first 72 hours after delivery
0 Station= at the level of ischial spine Human Papilloma- cauliflower like lesions
Vertex- occiput Syphilis- chancre (painless ulcer). Causative
Agent: Treponema pallidum
Face- mentum
Gonorrhea- purulent discharge. CA: Neisseria
Breech- sacrum
gonorrhea
Shoulder- acromium
Candidiasis- pruritus (itchy), cheese like vaginal
Oxytocin drug- uterine stimulant drugs- 10 units discharge. CA: Candida albicans
(dosage)
Trichomoniasis- frothy white or grayish-green
Clear- normal amniotic fluid color vaginal discharge. CA: Trichomonas vagialis
Green- meconium stain Bacterial Vaginosis- milk white to gray
discharge with fishlike odor, pruritus can
Golden yellow amniotic fluid- sign of hemolytic
intense, CLUE CELLS. CA: Gardenerella vaginalis
disease, RH incompatibility
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)-
Tea color, brown, dark amniotic fluid- sign of
inflammatory of pelvic organs
fetal demise
Uterine Inversion- uterus turned inside out
upper Outer- self-examination- breast palpation
SUPINE LYING POSITION- best position Precipitate Delivery- labor is completed in
BEST TIME FOR EXAMINATION- 5-7 DAYS after fewer than 3 hours.
the onset of menstruation
Dystocia- difficulty labor and last at its edges. Fetal Surface evident
DUNCAN- Dirty. First separate at its edges.
Asynclitism- lateral deflection of the fetal head
Maternal surface evident
resulting in sagittal suture deflected either
anteriorly or posteriorly 500 grams- placenta weight
Lithotomy- most common position during 15-20 cotelydons- placenta
delivery
Postpartum- 6 weeks period after childbirth
7 Cardinal Signs – Engagement, Descent,
LOCATION OF UTERUS
Flexion, Internal Rotation, Extesion, External
Immediately after delivery- below umbilicus
Rotatiion, Expulsion
After 1 hr- level of umbilicus
Show- pinkish red mucus discharge 2 days postpartum- 2cm/fingerbreadth below
umbilicus
Effacement- thinning of the cervical canal
5 days postpartum- 5 cm/ fingerbreadth below
Dilatation- widening of the cervical canal umbilicus
10 days postpartum- NON PALPABLE
IE every 4 hours
1 Fingerbreadth = 1 cm
STAGES OF LABOR
First Stage- from regular contraction to fully Involution- returning of the reproductive organ
dilated cervix. into non pregnant state.
-3 Phases
LOCHIA- postpartum discharge
Latent Phase- 0-3 cm, 20-40 sec contraction, 5-
RUBRA- red, 1-3 days after delivery
15 mins interval
SEROSA- pinkish-brown, 4-10 days
Active Phase- 4-7 cm, 40-60 sec contraction, 3-5
ALBA- white-creamy, 10-14 days
mins interval
Transition Phase- 8-10 cm, 60-90 sec
contraction, 2-3 mins interval
Second Stage- from full dilatation to delivery of
the baby
Third Stage- placental stage. From the baby’s
birth up to the delivery of placenta
Fourth Stage- recovery stage. 1-4 hours after
the delivery of the placenta. Most crucial stage
due to fluctuation of mothers vital signs.
Episiotomy- incision of the perineum to widen
the vaginal opening
Episiorrhaphy – repair of episiotomy
Laceration- tearing of perineum due to
childbirth
Degree of laceration
1st Degree- fourchette, vaginal mucusa, skin
2nd Degree- perineal muscle
3rd Degree- anal sphincter
4th Degree- rectal mucusa
SIGNS OF PLACENTAL SEPARATION
1. Calkin’s sign- first sign of placental
separation, uterus is firm, globular and rising to
the level of umbilicus.
2. Sudden gush of blood
3. Lengthening of the cord
4. Firm uterine contraction
5. Appearance of placenta at the vagina
Encoded by: JENYFER P. LOPEZ
TYPES OF PLACENTAL SEPARATION
SCHULTZE- Shiny. First separate at its center
