RESEARCH OF OPC AND PPC CEMENT COMPANY

A PROJECT WORK

SUBMITTED FOR
THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT IN

CHEMISTRY OF CLASS 12

Submitted By
Denish Adhikari
Class 12 ‘C’
Roll No. 08

Submitted To
SUKUNA SECONDARY SCHOOL
Sundarharaincha-10, Morang

Magh 2081
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This Project work entitled “RESEARCH OF OPC AND PPC CEMENT COMPANY” by
Mr. Denish Adhikari, Roll No. 08 of Sukuna Secondary School, Sundarharaincha, Morang
prepared under the supervision of Susmita Niraula submitted for the partial fulfillment of
prerequisite of class 12 has been accepted.

Supervisor Head of the Department

Susmita Niraula Mani Raj Limbu

Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry

Sukuna Sec School Sukuna Sec School

 RECOMMENDATION LETTER

The project work entitled “RESEARCH OF OPC AND PPC CEMENT COMPANY”
submitted by Denish Adhikari of Sukuna Secondary School, Sundarharaincha-10, Morang,
has been prepared under my supervision as a partial fulfillment for the class 12 of chemistry
course. I, therefore, recommend the project work report for evaluation.

Signature

Susmita Niraula

…………………………

Date: 2081/10/18
 DECLARATION

I hear by declare that the project work entitled “RESEARCH OF OPC AND PPC CEMENT
COMPANY” submitted to the Department of Chemistry, Sukuna Secondary School,
Sundarharaincha-10, is an original piece of work carried out under the supervision and
guidance of Susmita Niraula, faculty of Chemistry and is submitted for the partial
fulfillment of the requirements for Chemistry of grade 12. This project work report has not
been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree.

Signature:

........................................

Email:

Date: 2081/10/18
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my Supervisor Mrs. Susmita Niraula
for her admirable cooperation, inspirable guidance, caring, continuous support and valuable
suggestions throughout the process of project work.

Furthermore, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all my teachers, friends, and
college staff who directly or indirectly helped me in completion of the study and skill
development.

Additionally, I would like to thank all my family members and all my relatives for their
unconditional support. Lastly, I would like to thank all the respondents who provided me the
accurate firsthand data for my research work.
 TABLE OF CONTANT

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ........................................................................................ 1

RECOMMENDATION LETTER ........................................................................................ 2

DECLARATION ................................................................................................................... 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. 4

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 6

COMPANIES OF OPC AND PPC CEMENT :- ................................................................. 6

MATERIAL AND METHOD TO PREPARE ..................................................................... 7

1. SHIVAM CEMENT ..................................................................................................... 7
MATERIALS ................................................................................................................... 7
METHOD ........................................................................................................................ 7
2. JAGDAMBA CEMENT .............................................................................................. 7
MATERIALS ................................................................................................................... 7
METHOD ........................................................................................................................ 8
3. HONGSHI SHIVAM CEMENT ................................................................................. 8
MATERIALS ................................................................................................................... 8
METHOD ........................................................................................................................ 8
4. ARGHAKHANCHI CEMENT.................................................................................... 9
MATERIALS ................................................................................................................... 9
METHOD ........................................................................................................................ 9
5. SARBOTTAM CEMENT ............................................................................................ 9
MATERIALS ................................................................................................................... 9
METHOD ........................................................................................................................ 9
OBSERVATION .................................................................................................................. 10
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 10
REFERENCE ………………………………………………………………………………...11
 Introduction

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) are two of the most
commonly used types of cement in construction, each offering unique properties suited to
different applications.

OPC is a widely used construction material renowned for its fast-setting and high initial
strength. This type of cement is especially suited for projects where early strength is critical,
such as in high-rise buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure projects. Its production primarily
involves the heating of limestone and clay to create clinker, which is then ground with gypsum.

On the other hand, PPC is a blend of OPC and pozzolanic materials, like fly ash or volcanic
ash, which enhances durability, workability, and resistance to chemical attacks, making it ideal
for structures exposed to harsh environmental conditions. While PPC has a slower setting time
compared to OPC, it offers greater long-term strength and durability, which is why it’s
commonly used in dams, marine structures, and other mass concreting works.

Both types of cement are valuable in modern construction, with OPC preferred for quick, high-
strength applications and PPC for structures needing resilience and sustainability over time.
There are various OPC and PPC cements available in the local market nowdays.

Companies Of OPC and PPC cement :-

1. Shivam Cement
It is established in 2011, has quickly become one of the leading cement producers in Nepal.
With its own clinker production unit and state-of-the-art technology in partnership with
Hongshi Group from China, Shivam is recognized for its high-quality cement products that
are suitable for both large infrastructure projects and small-scale constructions. Its robust
production capacity and extensive dealer network allow Shivam Cement to hold a
significant share in the market.

2. Jagdamba Cement
Jagdamba Cement, operating since 2001 under the Shankar Group, has established a strong
reputation in Nepal’s construction sector. Known for producing reliable OPC and PPC
cement, Jagdamba Cement focuses on quality and accessibility, making it a popular choice
for a range of construction projects. With a well-developed distribution network, Jagdamba
Cement ensures its products are available throughout the country, catering to both urban
and rural construction needs.

3. Hongshi Shivam Cement

It is a Nepal-China joint venture and one of the largest cement manufacturers in Nepal.
Utilizing advanced technology, Hongshi Shivam has a high production capacity, which
supports large-scale construction projects nationwide. The company’s ability to produce
quality cement at competitive prices has contributed to its rapid rise in the Nepalese
market, strengthening the overall supply and accessibility of cement across the country.
 4. Arghakhanchi Cement
It is another reputable name in Nepal’s cement industry. Known for its focus on quality
control, Arghakhanchi Cement produces OPC and PPC cement that meet international
standards, making it a reliable choice for builders and developers. The company has
invested significantly in modernizing its plant and machinery to ensure consistency in
cement quality, further boosting its market position.

5. Sarbottam Cement
Sarbottam Cement is recognized as the first cement company in Nepal to use a completely
European production line, which enhances its quality control capabilities. As part of the
Saurabh Group, Sarbottam Cement is known for high-grade cement, focusing on OPC and
PPC production that adheres to high environmental and quality standards. Its commitment
to sustainable production and stringent quality checks has earned Sarbottam a respected
name in the Nepali market.

Material and method to prepare

1. Shivam Cement

Materials
The primary raw materials used in the production of Shivam Cement include:

 Limestone: Main source of calcium carbonate.

 Clay/Shale: Provides silica, alumina, and iron oxide.
 Gypsum: Regulates setting time.
 Iron Ore: Adjusts iron content.
 Fly Ash: Used in PPC cement.
 Other Additives: Minor minerals for enhancing properties.

Method

 Raw Material Preparation: Limestone, clay, and other materials are mined, mixed,
and ground into a fine powder.
 Clinker Production: The raw mix is heated in a rotary kiln at 1400-1450°C to form
clinker.
 Grinding: The clinker is mixed with gypsum and ground into fine cement.
 Quality Control: Continuous testing ensures the cement meets required standards.
 Packaging and Distribution: The cement is packed and distributed through a network
of dealers and suppliers.

2. Jagdamba Cement

Materials
The raw materials required for manufacturing Jagdamba Cement are carefully selected and
prepared to ensure high-quality cement production. The primary materials include:

1. Limestone: The main ingredient, providing calcium oxide (CaO), sourced from nearby
quarries.
 2. Clay/Shale: Rich in silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃), and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), essential for
the chemical composition of cement.
3. Gypsum: Regulates the setting time of cement by controlling the hardening process.
4. Iron Ore: Adjusts the iron content for optimal cement strength and color.
5. Additives: Small quantities of other minerals may be added to improve specific cement
characteristics.

Method
The production of Jagdamba Cement follows these steps, ensuring strict quality control and
adherence to industry standards:

 Raw Material Preparation: Limestone and clay are extracted, blended, and finely
ground to create a homogenous mix.
 Clinker Production: The raw mix is heated in a rotary kiln at temperatures around
1400-1450°C to form clinker.
 Grinding: Clinker is then mixed with gypsum (and fly ash for PPC) and ground into
fine powder to produce cement.
 Quality Control: Regular testing ensures compliance with national and international
standards.
 Packaging and Distribution: The cement is packaged and distributed across Nepal
through an extensive network..

3. Hongshi Shivam Cement

Materials
Hongshi Shivam Cement, a leading cement producer in Nepal, sources high-quality raw
materials for manufacturing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement
(PPC). The primary materials include:

1. Limestone: The main raw material, providing the necessary calcium oxide (CaO),
obtained from nearby quarries.
2. Clay/Shale: Supplies silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃), and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), essential
for achieving the correct chemical composition.
3. Gypsum: Used as a setting agent, controlling the hardening time of the cement.
4. Iron Ore: Added in small quantities to adjust the iron content for enhanced strength and
color.
5. Fly Ash: Used in PPC cement production to improve strength and durability.
6. Additional Minerals and Additives: Small quantities of other materials are sometimes
used to adjust specific cement properties.

Method
The production of Hongshi Shivam Cement involves the following stages, ensuring rigorous
quality control and consistent performance:

 Raw Material Preparation: Limestone and clay are extracted, mixed, and finely
ground into a raw mix.
 Clinker Production: The raw mix is heated in a rotary kiln at temperatures of 1400-
1450°C to produce clinker.
  Grinding: The cooled clinker is combined with gypsum (and fly ash for PPC) and
ground into fine powder.
 Quality Control: Rigorous testing ensures that the cement meets quality standards for
strength, durability, and setting time.
 Packaging and Distribution: The cement is packaged and distributed through an
extensive dealer network across Nepal.

4. Arghakhanchi Cement

Materials
Arghakhanchi Cement, a leading manufacturer in Nepal, uses high-quality raw materials to
produce Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC). The primary
raw materials include:

1. Limestone: The core ingredient providing calcium oxide (CaO), sourced from high-
quality quarries.
2. Clay/Shale: Provides silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃), and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃), essential
for the cement’s chemical composition.
3. Gypsum: Used to control the setting time of the cement, enabling it to harden at the
required pace.
4. Iron Ore: Adjusts the iron content, contributing to the cement’s final strength and color.
5. Fly Ash: Included in PPC to enhance durability and strength.
6. Additional Minerals and Additives: Small amounts of minerals are added to fine-tune
the cement’s properties as needed.

Method
Arghakhanchi Cement follows a structured, technologically advanced production process to
ensure high-quality cement, involving the following stages:

 Raw Material Preparation: Limestone and clay are mined, mixed, and finely ground to
a uniform powder.
 Clinker Production: The raw mix is heated in a rotary kiln at temperatures around
1400-1450°C to produce clinker.
 Grinding: The cooled clinker is mixed with gypsum (and fly ash for PPC) and ground
into a fine cement powder.
 Quality Control: Continuous testing ensures the cement meets the required strength and
durability standards.
 Packaging and Distribution: The cement is packaged and distributed through a wide
network to construction projects across Nepal..
 5. Sarbottam Cement

Materials
Sarbottam Cement uses high-quality raw materials for producing OPC and PPC, including:

 Limestone for calcium oxide.

 Clay/Shale for silica, alumina, and iron.
 Gypsum to regulate setting time.
 Iron Ore to adjust strength and color.
 Fly Ash for PPC, enhancing durability.

Method
1. Extraction and Crushing: Limestone and other materials are mined, crushed, and
stored separately.
2. Grinding and Blending: Crushed materials are ground to a fine powder (raw meal) and
blended for uniformity.
3. Clinker Production: The raw meal is preheated and then heated in a rotary kiln at
1450°C to form clinker, which is then rapidly cooled.
4. Grinding: The clinker is mixed with gypsum (and fly ash for PPC) and ground to a fine
powder to form cement.
5. Packaging and Distribution: Cement is packed and distributed across Nepal for
construction projects.

Observation

All the brands demonstrate a commitment to quality control, advanced production technology,
and sustainable manufacturing practices. They all produce both OPC and PPC cement, each
catering to different construction needs. Their widespread availability and the use of high-
quality raw materials ensure that these brands meet the growing demand for reliable
construction materials in Nepal. Moreover, their consistent focus on improving production
efficiency and quality has earned them strong reputations in the Nepali cement market. These
companies are pivotal in the development of Nepal's infrastructure, contributing significantly to
both residential and large-scale commercial projects.

The price of all these company are different because all they offer the different quantity and
quality. The price of shivam cement is between NPR 780 and NPR 850 for its OPC variant,
depending on the grade (53 or 43 grade) , jagdamba cement is priced between NPR 610 and
NPR 850, depending on the type and grade , Hongshi Shivam cement is from NPR 670 to NPR
850 and Arghakhanchi Cement is priced between NPR 590 and NPR 820, making it one of the
more affordable options. The cheapest among them is Arghakhanchi Cement and Expensive is
Shivam Cement.

All brands maintain strong reputations for quality, but Shivam Cement and Hongshi Shivam
Cement are generally considered premium options with modern technology and higher
consistency, making them ideal for larger infrastructure projects. Jagdamba Cement is also
known for quality, offering a balance between price and performance, while Arghakhanchi
Cement is a more affordable choice that still meets quality standards for most construction
needs.
 Conclusion

In conclusion, Shivam Cement is recognized for its premium quality, making it ideal for high-
strength applications in large infrastructure projects. It is priced higher compared to others, but
the cost is justified by its consistent performance and modern production methods.
Jagdamba Cement offers a balance between price and quality, making it a popular choice for
both residential and commercial constructions. Its competitive pricing and reliable product
performance have established it as a reliable option in the market.
Hongshi Shivam Cement, a joint venture, benefits from both local expertise and international
production technology. It is a strong contender in the high-end segment, offering good quality
cement suitable for large-scale projects. Its prices are competitive with Shivam and Jagdamba,
making it a solid choice for high-demand applications and Arghakhanchi Cement is the most
affordable among these brands without compromising quality. It is an excellent option for
budget-conscious consumers while still meeting the standards required for most construction
needs. Its reliable performance at a lower price point makes it a go-to for residential projects.

Reference

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