2.

Cement

QC Er. Jagadiswar M. Shrestha

jmshrestha123@gmail.com
29th Magh, 2077
 Cement Industries in Nepal
• Nepal has become self sustained in cement
production.
• There are 61 cement industries in Nepal including
two state owned cement industries of Udaypur
(Gainda) & Hetauda (Shakti)
• There are 21 cement industries having there own
clinker production system.
• Cost of cement in Nepal is one of the highest in the
world due to raw materials & coal.
Hongshi Shivam Cement, Nawalparasi
(6000 MPTD)
Hongshi Cement factory, Nawalparasi with
Ghorahi Cement Industries, Dang
(2200 MTPD)
 Cement
• A substance that sets
and hardens
independently, and can
bind other materials
together.
• “Clinker” is made by
heating limestone, with
small quantities of
other materials (such as
clay, shale, etc) to
1450 °C .
 Types of Cement
➢ Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)- General Form of cement
➢ Pozzolona Portland Cement (PPC) - 15%to35% Fly Ash
➢ Pozzolana Slag Cement (PSC) - 20% to 70% Slag
➢ Cement for special purposes
➢ Rapid Hardening Cement
➢ Quick setting cement
➢ Sulphates resisting cement
➢ Low Heat Cement
➢ High Alumina Cement
➢ Expansive cement
➢ Colored cement
➢ Air Entraining Cement
➢ White Cement
➢ ………..
 Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

• Produced by ground along with a small amount of

gypsum mixed with clinker into a powder
• Grades of OPC
➢Previously, cement conforming to IS:269 (NS:49-2041)
33 Grade had been extensively used in construction.
➢It could not be used in high grade concrete for RCC
which is used in high rise buildings, precast building
products, pre-stressed concrete girders, transmission
line poles, water supply or waste disposal pipes,
industrial building frames etc.
 Strength of Fresh Cement (OPC53) vs Time
70

60 90 day
56 day
28 day

50
7 day
Strength (MPa)

40
3 day

30

20

10
Day 0 3 3 3 7 7 7 28 28 28 56 56 56 90 90 90
34.9 34.8 35.9 45.7 45.0 46.0 61.3 61.0 60.7 61.6 61.7 62.6 62.7 62.2 63.6
Strength 0.00
6 0 2 2 1 7 0 4 4 7 5 6 5 3 2
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time of Cement (Days)
 Grades of OPC
▪ Reclassified by BIS for OPC into three different grades.
▪ Classified based on compressive strength as:
➢ 33 grade-Ordinary Portland Cement - IS:269-1989
➢ 43 grade-Ordinary Portland Cement - IS:8112-1987 (BS2043)
➢ 53 grade-Ordinary Portland Cement - IS:12269-1987
▪ Need of higher grade of cement other than 33 grade
▪ Grade 33 cement compatible with Fe250 only. There are
used Fe500 steel in practice nowadays. For RCC with this
grade of steel, 43 & 53 grade of cement need to perform
effectively.
▪ NS:49-2041(1st Rev in 2055/2/5) has OPC 33 only which is
equivalent to 33 grade of IS:269-1976 (3rdRev)
▪ On BS 2076/3/18 published NS:49-2041(2nd Rev) which
incorporated OPC 43 and OPC 53 also
▪ On BS 2077/1/29 published NS:572-2076 for 43 & 53 grade
 IS codes of Cement

IS 269:2015-6th Rev. for all grades of OPC Cement (33,43,53)

 NS 49:2041 for Grade 33 only
NS49:2041 (2nd Rev:2076/03/18) for 33, 43 & 53 grade
NS49:2041 (2nd Rev:2076/03/18) for 33, 43 & 53 grade
NS 572:2076 for 43 & 53 grade of Cement
Date of Published in Gazette on 2077/01/29
Comparison of Main features of NS for Cement Quality
NS 49:2041 -2nd Rev NS 572:2076
Characteristics NS49:2041
(2076/3/18) (2077/1/29)
Grade 33 33 43 53 43 53
Chemical Composition

Insoluble Residue (max) 2% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2%

Magnesia (max) 5% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5%

Physical Composition

Initial Setting Time 45 min. 30 min. 30 min. 30 min. 45 min. 45 min.

Compressive Strength (MPa)

3day (min.) 16 16 23 27 23 27
7day (min.) 22 23 33 37 33 37
28day (min.) 33 33 43-58 53 43-58 53

1 MPa=1x106 N/m2=1 N/mm2

14
 Physical Properties of some cement (NS)
Fineness Soundness (max) Setting Time Compressive Strength
S Type of Code
N Cement Min. LeChateli Autoclav Initial min. Final max. 3 Day 7 Day 28 Day
(m2/kg) er (Max.) e (Max) (minute) (minute) MPa MPa MPa
33 Grade NS 49-2041
1 OPC 2nd Rev 225 10mm 0.8% 30 600 16 22 33
43 Grade NS
2 OPC 572:2076 225 10mm 0.8% 45 600 23 33 43-58
53 Grade NS
3 OPC 572:2076 225 10mm 0.8% 45 600 27 37 53
NS
4 PPC 385:2054 300 10mm 0.8% 45 600 16 22 33

Cube Samples

Soundness Test Tested Cubes

Fineness Setting Time
(7.06cm size)
Soundness Test (Autoclave)
(Blaine Permeability) (LeChatlier)
 Chemical Properties of some cement
NS49:2076 NS572:2076 IS269:2015 IS 1489,
Standards
S (2nd Rev.) (6th Rev.) NS 385
N OPC 43 & OPC 43 & OPC 33 &
Grade of Cement OPC 33 OPC 53 PPC
OPC 53 OPC 53 OPC 43
1 Lime Saturation 0.66 to 1.02 0.66 to 0.8 to -
Factor (%) 1.02 1.02
2 Alumina Iron Ratio 0.66 0.66 -
(%) Min.
3 Insoluble Residue 4.00 3.00 2.00 5.00
(%) Max.
4 Magnesia (%) Max. 6.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00
5 Sulphuric Anhydride 2.5 for C3A<5%, 3.0 forC3A≥5% 3.5 3.00
(SO3) (%) Max.
6 Loss of Ignition (%) 4.00 5.00 4.00 5.00
Max.
As per IS269:2015:
1.Chloride content by mass max. limited to 0.1% for all grades.
2.In case of alkali reactive aggregates, the use of cement with alkali content below 0.6% expressed as (Na2O+0.658 K2O)
is recommended, otherwise 8.2.5.4 of IS456 shall be considered.
 Marking on Cement bag as per NS 572:2076

• Manufacturer’s name & registered

trade mark, if any;
• The name and designated grade
(OPC33, OPC43 or OPC53);
• Batch no/Code no. in terms of
week, month & year of packing;
• Best before date (i.e; 3month from
date of packing)
• Need for testing of cement more
than 3 month old to check
conformity before its use;
• Nepal standard certification mark
with applicable number & year;
• Address of the manufacturer.
 Cement with Mfd. Date
(W.No. Month Year)

BIRLA GOLD Jaypee BIRLA KHAJURAHO

W 16 M APR Y 2012 W 21 M MAY Y 2013 W NO 04 Month JAN Year 2012
Cement without Mfd. Date (5 year before)
Printing apparatus of Mfd. Date
 Cement with Mfd. Date
(W.No. Month Year)

Shivam Cement OPC Sagarmatha Gold PPC

W 4 M Y 75 W 39 M 09 Y 2073

Jagadamba ULTRA Premium Sagarmatha OPC

W 4 M 4 Y 70 W 37 M 09 Y 2073
 Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)
• is manufactured either by grinding intimately together
Portland cement clinker and a pozzolana (like burnt
clay, shale etc) or by intimately and uniformly blending
Portland cement and fine pozzolana such as flyash and
calcinated clay
➢ Fly ash based -IS:1489-1991 Part I
➢ Calcinated ash -IS:1489-1991 Part II

• In NS, both parts considered as NS:385-2054

• PPC is considered equivalent to 33 grade
Fly ash or flue ash, also known as pulverised fuel ash in the United Kingdom, is a coal ...
The chief difference between these classes is the amount of calcium, silica, ... This fly
ash is pozzolanic in nature, and contains less than 7% lime (CaO).

Slag is, essentially, a non-metallic product comprising of more than 90% glass with
silicates and alumino-silicates of lime. It is created with a combination of up to 45-
50% slag, 45% — 50% clinker, and 3–5% gypsum
 Some Nepali Cement
1 Arghakhachi Cement Pvt Ltd
2 Bishwokarma Cement Pvt Ltd
3 Brij Cement Ind Pvt Ltd
4 Goenka Cement Pvt Ltd
5 Jagadamba Cement Ind. Pvt Ltd
6 Nepal Shalimar Cement Pvt Ltd
Shubha Shree Jagadamba
7 Parsa
Cement Pvt Ltd
8 Siddhartha Cement Udyog
9 Sarbottam Cement Pvt Ltd
10 Sarbottam Cement Pvt Ltd
11 Hetauda Cement Pvt Ltd
12 Udaypur Cement Pvt Ltd
PPC Kriti, Apollo, Deurali,crystal, Arunodaya
Kapilvastu
OPC Argakhachi
PPC Bishwokarma gold
Bara
OPC Bishwokarma
OPC Brij Super Premium, Shankar, Shakti
Rupandehi
PPC Brij, Brij Super Kings, Laxmi, Jumbo, Brij Gold
OPC Goenka Solid
Rupandehi
PPC Rakshak, Goenka Gold, Chaitanya, Dhanashree
OPC Jagadamba Ultra
Rupandehi Jagadamba, Jagadamba Everlast,Jagadamba Ultra
PPC Active
OPC Shalimar Gold, Kamdhenu
Bara PPC Godawari Plus, Captain Plus,Janaki Plus,Shalimar Plus
PSC Shalimar, Atlantic, Captain, Janaki,Godawari,Lotus
Jagadamba Ultra, Force F2R, Jagadamba Ultra
OPC Premium
Force, Jagadamba Ultra Ultimo, Mount,
PSC Shubha Shree Jagadamba
Jagadama Ultra Ultima, Force, Jagadamba Ultra
PPC Premium
Siddhartha Buland, Super Tower, Siddartha tighter,
Rupandehi OPC Chattan, Omega
PPC Siddhartha, Tower
Nawalparasi OPC Sarbottam
Nawalparasi OPC Sarbottam
Makawanpur OPC Shakti
Udaypur OPC Gainda
 OPC vs PPC
OPC PPC
Made by clinker with some quantity of Made by mixing pozzolanic material and
gypsum blend with clinker or directly with OPC
Less finer than PPC More fine than OPC, hence permeability
decreases
Cement+water set Pozzolana + water does not set
Hardens (form removal) in short time Hardens (form removal) in long time
Curing required for short time Curing required for long time
Normal cost Low cost
Available in grade 33, 43, 53 Equivalent to grade 33
May crack more Less crack
Use for high grade concrete Use for massive structure, foundation,
temperate area
Requirement of cement for Supply
• Cement shall be free flowing and free of lumps
while slide with thumb and forefinger
• Don’t use hook for loading and unloading
• Cement shall be stored in weatherproof
structure.
• All storage wall shall be free from moist and
stored on raised floor so that no moisture rises
through it.
• Stored lot of cement shall be marked for the use
as first delivery should first.
२०७५ श्रावन १६ को जि.प्र.का. बर्दि याको जि.प्र.का. दाङलाइ बबक्री-
ववतरण रोक्का राख्न लेखेको पत्र
जि.प्र.का.दाङले फैक्रीमा नमन
ू ा संकलन गरी ने.ग.ु बाट गण
ु स्तर
भएको २०७५ भाद्र १८ जि.प्र.का.दाङलाई िानकारीको पत्र
जि.प्र.का.दाङले २०७५ भाद्र १९ मा घोराही ससमेन्ट
लाई गणु स्तर भएको िानकारी को पत्र
 २०७६ सालमा रातो पाटीमा प्रकासित समाचार

सगरमाथा र अर्ााखााँचीसहित ५ कम्पनीको ससमेन्ट गण ु स्तरिीन,

उत्पादन बन्द गराउने सरकारको चेतावनी
काठमाडौँ । गण ु स्तर तथा नापतौल ववभागले सगरमाथा र
अघािखााँचीसर्हत ५ ससमेन्ट उद्योगलाई कारवाहीको चेतावानी
र्दएको छ ।ससमेन्टमा हुनुपने न्युनतम मापदण्ड पूरा नगरे को र
ससमेन्ट गणु स्तरहीन रहे को भन्दै ववभागले यी ससमेन्ट उद्योगलाई
कारवाहीको चेतावानी र्दएको हो ।कारवाहीका लागग पत्र कार्टएका
उद्योगहरुमा सगरमाथा ससमेन्ट, अघािखााँची ससमेन्ट, िुभश्री
िगदम्बा ससमेन्ट, होङ्सी-सिवम ् ससमेन्ट र गोरखकाली ससमेन्ट
रहे का छन ् ।
घोराही ससमेन्ट २०७६/१०/१३ मा इिाित पत्र स्थगनको
२०७६/११/१२ मा फुकुवा गररएको िानकारीको पत्र
नेपाल गण
ु स्तरबाट स्पजटटकरण र स्थगन गररएको पत्रहरु
समतत २०७७/३/१२ मा ने.गुण.ले श्री ररलायन्स सुपरटे क र श्री इन्टनेिनल
ससमेन्टको स्थगन (Suspend) तथा अजनन ससमेन्ट र सवोत्तम ससमेन्टलाई
स्पजटटकरण िारी गररएको पत्र
Test Certificate
 Test Certificate
ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT(SAGARMATHA BRAND) PORTLAND POZZOLANA CEMENT (SAGARMATHA GOLD BRAND)
Date of Production :- 2073.03.06, Issue date:- 2013.07.16 Date of Production:-2072.12.20, Issue date:- 2073.02.02
Sl.No. Description NS Specification Own Results
1 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

A Loss on Ignition ( % by Mass) Max 5.00 2.19

B Magnesia oxide(% by mass) Max 6.00 3.58

C Sulphuric Anhydride (SO3) (% by Max.3.00 1.83
mass)

X+4(100-X)/100 18.89
D Insoluble Material ( % by mass)
Where X is the
declared % of
pozzolana

2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

E Fineness [M2/Kg] Not less than 300 351

F Setting Time
(i) Initial Setting Time (Minutes) Min. 45 135
(ii) Final Setting Time (Minutes) Max. 600 220
G Soundness
(i) Le- Chatelier (mm) Max. 10 1.0
(ii) Autoclave (%) Max. 0.80 0.11
H Compressive Strength (M Pa )
(i) 3-days ( MPa) Min. 16.0 24.20
(ii) 7 -days (MPa) Min. 22.0 34.40
(iii) 28- days(MPa) Min. 33.0 49.60
I Drying Shrinkage (%) Max. 0.15 0.01
Accessories required for Cement Test

Sp. Gr. Test of Fineness of cement by

Blaine Permeability Test Consistency Test Setting Time Testing
Cement
Vicat Apparatus

Mortar cube Curing of Cement Cement Mortar Test

Preparation mortar cube (500kN)
Expansion Test
 Compressive Strength of Cement mortar
(For the Gradation of Cement)
1. Preparation of cement mortar (1:3) with equal weight of
standard sand (IS:650) of grade I (1-2mm), II (0.5-1mm) & III
(0.09 -0.5mm) along with above required water
For example, if 100g of cement taken, each grade of sand shall be taken
also 100g so that total sand will be 300g.

2. Testing of 28 days 7.06cm size cube

3. Min. Strength (MPa=N/mm2) shall be specified as Standard Grade
 Compressive Strength of Cement mortar
(For the Gradation of Cement as per IS:4031)

1. Determination of W/C ratio by Vicat apparatus

for the preparation of Cement mortar
(Standard Consistency Test), generally it is near
about 30 %
-Measure the penetration on cement paste

Plunger
with different W/C ratio within 3 to 5 min.
-Required Moisture (P) is particular at 33 to 35
mm penetration
-Required Water for cement sand mortar (1:3)
is (P/4+3)% of combined weight of cement
and sand
 Standard Consistency Test (P)
Reqd. W/C for Cement mortar=P/4+3 of (C+S)
45

40

35
Penetration, mm

30

25

20
Plunger
15

10

0
27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Water/Cement, %
 Mortar casting & Tested Sample

Required 28 days strength for different Grades

1. OPC 33 Grade – 33 MPa
2. OPC 43 Grade – 43-58 MPa
3. OPC 53 Grade – 53 MPa
4. PPC – 33 MPa
 Setting Time, minutes

100
200
400
500
600
700

0
300
Jaypee 43

Prism 43

ACC 43

Ultratech 53
Reqd. max

Ultratech 43
Observed min.

Cement Brand
Birla Gold 43

Birla Gold PPC

Arghakhachi 53
Reqd. min
Observed max.

Sagarmatha 53

Shivam 53
Setting Time of Cement

Needle
 Setting Time (min.)

50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400

0
CT001
CT021
CT024
CT027
CT030
CT033
CT036
CT039
CT043
CT048
CT051
CT055
CT061
CT065
CT072
CT078
CT090
Shivam Final

CT099
CT108

Sagarmatha
Sagarmatha Final

CT116
CT122
CT127
CT130
CT134
CT137
CT144
CT147
CT150
CT153

Test Id. No.

CT156
CT159
CT169
CT174
CT177
CT180
CT184
CT187
CT191
Shivam Initial

CT194
CT197
CT200
Sagarmatha Initial

CT059
Setting Time of Sagarmatha OPC vs Shivam OPC

CT083
CT086
CT094
CT111
CT114
Shivam

CT121
CT162
CT165
CT170
 Strength of Sagarmatha OPC vs Shivam
Sagarmatha 3 day
Shivam 3 day
Reqd. Strength 3 day
80
Sagarmatha 7 day Sagarmatha 28 day
Shivam 7 day Shivam 28 day
Reqd. Strength 7 day Reqd. Strength 28 day

70
Comp. Strength (MPa)

60

50

40

30

20
Sagarmatha Shivam
10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
Test No.
 Cement Fineness by Blaine Permeability Method

OPC 33, 43, 53 – min. 225 m2/kg

PPC – min. 300 m2/kg

S=(K e3/2 t1/2)/[ρ(1-e)(0.1η)1/2] (cm2/g)

Standard Cement

Balance with 0.001g capacity of weighing Blaine Apparatus

 Fineness (m2/kg)

100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500

0
50
CT001
CT021
CT024
CT027
CT030
CT033
CT036
CT039
CT043
CT048
CT051
CT055
CT061
CT065
CT079
CT087
CT095
CT104
CT110
CT119
Sagarmatha OPC

CT125
CT129
CT132
CT137
CT145
CT148
CT151

Test Id.
CT154
CT157
CT160
Shivam OPC

CT172
Fineness of Cement

CT175
CT178
CT182
CT185
CT188
(Blaine Permeability Method)

CT192
CT195
CT198
CT201
Reqd. Min.

CT059
CT084
CT089
CT096
CT112
CT117
CT143
CT163
CT167
CT171
 Storage of Cement
• Storing cement is ac critical concern to prevent exposure to
moisture.
• If stored in damp area, it sets more slowly & reduces
strength
Possible reduction in Strength of concrete made
with storedMin.
Storage Period cement
expected (%)

Fresh 0
3 Month 20
6 Month 30
1 Year 40
2 Year 50
 Storage of Cement
➢ Store the cement in such a way that it is neither exposed nor
comes in contact with moisture
➢ Shall be placed on wooden platform which shall raised at least
20cm above floor
➢ Shall be provided at least 40cm away around the external wall
➢ Shall be stack maximum of 10 bags
➢ Shall be stored in lot wise separately
➢ Shall be used first in first out basis
➢ Always cover the cement bags either with tarpaulin or polythene
sheet at the end of the day’s work.
 Age of Cement
➢age of cement affects directly on strength of concrete
even for good quality of cement.

Rate of hardening of concrete made with Fresh

and Stored Cement in percent
1:5 concrete 1:5 concrete
Test Age
Fresh Cement 6 month
7 days 100 73
28 days 100 75
6 month 100 84
 28 DAYS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OPC43
(STRENGTH VS PRODUCTION TIME PERIOD)

64.21
62.20
70

52.17
60

47.49
45.81
Old (>3month)

43.47
Strength, N/mm2

50
43

34.78
40 Fresh (1 Week)
28.42

28.42
30
Normal (5 Week)
20

10

0
Reqd.43 Prism 43 Jaypee 43 ACC 43
Cement Brand
 M20 (Cement 380kg/m3)
60
Production time of
Cement was more
Compressive strength (MPa)
7 day strength
28 day strength
7 day av. Strength
28 day av. Strength
Quarry site Changed

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Cube Id.
 Strength of Cement mortar (PPC)
3 day 7 day 28 day
60

50 48.15
46.15
Comp. Strength (N/mm2)

40 37.12
35.45
33 34.11
32.10 31.77
30 27.09
24.08 24.75
22 21.40
20 18.06
17.05 18.06
16 16.05

10

0
Required Prism Jaypee ACC BirlaGold BirlaSamrat
 Comp. Strength (N/mm2)

10
20
30
40
50
60
70

0
13.18
19.73
28.42
29.43
35.78
52.17
23.07
30.76
43.47
17.05
18.06
34.11
12.04
17.39
28.42
36.78
41.46
62.2
32.44
41.47
56.84
23.07
37.45
45.81
22.07
28.09
46.14
16.05
24.08
35.45
20.06
27.42
34.78
40.80
51.50
64.21
28.09
40.79
47.49
21.40
32.10
48.15

Cement Brand
24.75
31.77
46.15
(Tested in RJKIP,Chisapani)

33.44
41.8
55.51
33.44
40.13
58.19
25.41
32.1
44.14
32.08
38.79
3 day

52.67
18.06
27.09
37.12
33.77
44.14
56.18
Compressive Strength in MPa of Cement mortar (1:3)
7 day

23.41
37.44
45.48
22.74
27.42
33.44
16.72
22.07
30.09
28 day

28.76
32.1
39.46
 Thumb rule for checking quality of Cement
• Date of packing - W/M/Y
• Color - Grey
• Hand Insertion - Fill cool
• Rubbing - Not fill grain on finger
• Presence of lumps - no any lumps in the cement
• Float Test - should not float any particle on surface
• Shape Test
-make a small sphere with water and cement paste and press it by
thumb on paste, there should no cracks around circumference
 Summary

• Cement: OPC,PPC,PSC
• Grades: 33,43,53
• Codes: IS 269-33 Grade, IS 8112-43 Grade, IS 12269-53 Grade,
IS1489(PPC),
NS 49:2041(2nd Rev)-33,43 & 53 Grade (OPC)
NS 572:2076 -43 & 53 Grade (OPC)
NS 385:2054 (PPC)
• Physical Tests:
Consistency, Setting Time, Fineness, Soundness, Compressive
Strength
• Chemical Tests:
Loss of Ignition, Magnesia, Sulphuric Anhydride, Insoluble Material
• Storage System & Age of Cement
• Manufacture Date
• Tested Strength Examples
• Thumb rule checking system
Thank you for Kind Attention