An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Concrete Incorporating

Alccofine and Limestone powder as a Partial Replacement of Cement

By
MOHD FARAZ ASHAD
1604-16-741-006
STRUCTURAL ENGG, MJCET

Under the supervision of

Dr. PROF.MOHD HAMRAJ
(PROF, CED, MJCET)
 INTRODUCTION

• Portland cement = 12% of the concrete mass

= 93% of the total embodied energy of concrete

= 6 to 7% of the worldwide 𝐶𝑂2 emissions.

• Concrete industry = Major consumers of natural resources.

• High Strength = High cement factors and very low w/cm ratios. (Workability issues)
concrete
ALCCOFINE

• Slag of high glass content with high reactivity

• Micro fine material

• Low void content

• High calcium content

• A high range water reducer (approx. 60%)

• Known to produce a high strength concrete

Properties of Alccofine

Chemical Analysis Mass % Physical analysis Range

CaO 32-34 Particle Size, d10 <2µ

Al2O3 18-20 d50 < 5µ

Fe2O3 1.8-2 d90 <9µ

SO3 0.3-0.7

MgO 8-10

SiO2 33-35
 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.1 0.5 1 5 10 18 25 45 65 75
Microns
ALCCOFINE 1203 OPC
 LIMESTONE

• Limestone = Contains at least 50% calcium carbonate

• When Limestone powder(LP) is used = tricalcium silicate (𝐶3 S) calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

• limestone does not show pozzolanic properties

• When LP is used in cementitious materials = Changes in the capillary porosity occur due to filler effect

• Filler effect = modification in the initial porosity of the mix

Chemical properties of limestone

Chemical components %

Calcium oxide (CaO) (%) 54.77

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) (%) 1.47
Magnesium oxide (MgO) (%) 0.30
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) (%) 0.22
Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) (%) 0.29
Sulphate oxide (SO3) (%) 0.06
Potassium oxide (K2O) (%) 0.08
Sodium oxide (Na2O) (%) 0.05
Titanium oxide (TiO2) (%) 0.05
Phosphorus oxide (P2O5) (%) 0.01
 Need for present work

• Full demand for high strength concrete.

• Alccofine concrete gives higher strength than a control mix and is relatively cheaper

• It can further be made more cost effective by replacing fractions of cement by

Limestone powder maintaining the same strength
OBJECTIVES:

• To get high compressive strength by replacing cement with Alccofine and Limestone
powder at different proportions

• To perform Rate analysis and compare the cost of blended concrete with a control
mix.
Literature Review
Venkatesh, Harshitha, Kavitha (2018)studied” High Strength Concrete By Partial Replacement Of
Cement By Fly Ash, Metakaolin And Alccofine”

• 5% Alccofine, 5% of Metakaolin and 30% of fly ash

3days 7days 28days

Compression 21.19 30 42
(𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 )
Split tensile (𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 ) 1.93 3.4 4.7 • 7%of Alccofine, 3% of metakaolin and 30% of fly ash

Flexure (𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 ) 2 5.23 7.05 3days 7days 28days

Compression(𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 ) 22.5 34.0 54.15

• 7% of metakaolin,3% Of Alccofine and 30% of fly Split tensile (𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 ) 1.9 4.2 5.6
ash
3days 7days 28days Flexure (𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 ) 3.0 4.5 6.4

Compression(𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 ) 21.40 32.5 49

Split tensile (𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 ) 1.82 4.0 5.2 Conclusion- With 7% alccofine max strength was
Flexure (𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 ) 4.5 5.05 7.25 achieved
• B.Kaviya, K.Rohith, Soniya Kindo(2017)studied” Experimental Study On Partial Replacement Of
Cement Using Alccofine“
Compressive strength of cubes Split tensile strength of cylinder

7 days
Cubes Avg compr.strength 7days
(N/ mm2) Cylinder Average Conclusions:
(N/mm2)
0% 21.42 • Early&longterm strength gain
0% 1.77
5% 23.27
5% 2.25 • Self compatibility increases
10% 24.78
10% 2.83
15% 19.65 • Reduces HEAT OF HYDRATION
15% 2.57

• Relatively cheaper than cement

28 days 28days
Cubes Avg compr.strength Average
(N/ mm2) Cylinder (N/mm2)
0% 3.18
0% 30.38
5% 3.74
5% 35.93
10% 37.60 10% 3.88
15% 27.90 15% 3.26
Ansari U.S, Chaudhri, Ghuge (2015) studied “High Performance Concrete with Partial Replacement
of Cement by ALCCOFINE & Fly Ash” for M70 grade

100
80
60
• Alccofine-8% & F.A-15%
40
20
0
OPC+FA+ALCCO. • ( )Compressive strength = 15 to 20%
PURE OPC

7 DAY 54.74 59.12

28DAY 82.15 75.94
 Fouzia Shaheen, Samiuddin (2015)studied “Effect Of Metakaolin And Alccofine On Strength Of Concrete “

60 7
compressive strength at 28days

flexural strength at 28days

50 6

5
40
4
30
3
20
2
10
1
0 0
MK0 MK5 MK7.5 MK0 MK0 MK0 MK0 MK5 MK7.5 MK0 MK0 MK0
A0 A0 A0 A5 A10 A15 A0 A0 A0 A5 A10 A15
Type of mix(%)
MK – Metakaolin% Type of mix(%)

A - Alccofine%

They concluded that max strength was achieved with 10 to 15% replacement of cement with alccofine
Ramezanianpour, Ghiasvand, Nickseresht(2010) studied "Engineering Properties And Durability Of
Concretes Containing Limestone Cements”
• Limestone pwdr-0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%.
• (w/b) ratios taken are 0.37, 0.45 and 0.55

• Compressive strength - At 5%( ) and beyond 10%( )

• Water binder ratio - Enhances capillary porosity & pore structure(water transportation)

50 45
Sorptivity - no much difference btw 0% & 5%

compressive strength at 28
• 42.5
40 37.5 36
32.8

days(0.45 w/b)
• Water penetration depth ( ) upto limestone content 10% 30

20
• Electrical resistance for w/b = 0.37 was good
10

• Chloride ion permeability ( ) with w/b( ) from 15% 0

L0 L5 L10 L15 L20
V.Bonavetti, H.Donza, V.Rahhal(1999) studied "High Strength Concrete with Limestone Cements”

MIX Limestone % Compressive strength,

(target 50 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 )
1 day 7 days 28 days
PC 0 10.7 33.4 44.1
L9.3% 9.3 14 41.6 49.2

L18.1% 18.1 11.9 40.1 47.6

• Early strength gain(both compressive & tensile strength)due to hydration acceleration

• No much difference At later stages was observed.(hydration progress attains max..)

• It improves cement efficiency (w/c( ) => ( ) hydration of cementitious material)

CRITICAL APPRAISAL

• Venkatesh, Harshitha, Kavitha studied” High Strength Concrete By Partial Replacement Of

Cement By Fly Ash, Metakaolin And Alccofine” in this they showed the compressive
strength gain percentages but till what % these material can b used to replace cement is
not mentioned.
• Fouzia Shaheen, Samiuddin “Effect Of Metakaolin And Alccofine On Strength Of
Concrete “ in this individual impacts of the materials are mentioned but no combined
impact on concrete is discussed.
• V.Bonavetti, H.Donza, V.Rahhal"High Strength Concrete with Limestone Cements” have
done a clear study about limestone powder but Proportions adopted are not clear
• An Extensive work has been done on ternary mixes & binary blended concrete mixes
• Though these materials excel in there particular performances no work has been
done(limestone% = 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% & 10%)
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

• In the present experimental program, cubes of size (150x150x150mm) were

casted and tested for 7 days and 28 days compressive strength.

• Proportions adopted

:- Alccofine = 5%, 10%, 15%.

:- Limestone = 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%.

• 3 cubes per each mix for M30 grade (1 : 1.37 : 2.23 )were casted .
Proportions used in the study

S.NO Alccofine Limestone

Type of Mix CM - Common Mix
(%) (%)
A - Alccofine%
1 Common Mix 0 0 L - Limestone%
2 A5 L0 5 0
3 A10 L0 10 0
4 A15 L0 15 0
5 A0 L2.5 0 2.5 S. Type of
Alccofine Limestone
NO Mix
6 A0 L5 0 5
14 A10 L5 10 5
7 A0 L7.5 0 7.5
15 A10 L7.5 10 7.5
8 A0 L10 0 10
16 A10 L10 10 10
9 A5 L2.5 5 2.5
17 A15 L2.5 15 2.5
10 A5 L5 5 5
18 A15 L5 15 5
11 A5 L7.5 5 7.5
19 A15 L7.5 15 7.5
12 A5 L10 5 10
20 A15 L10 15 10
13 A10 L2.5 10 2.5
Test results for 7 days curing

S.NO Type of Mix Compressive (%)increase in CM - Common Mix

Strength(N/mm2) compressive A - Alccofine%
(avg of 3 cubes) strength L - Limestone%
1 Common Mix 21.42 -
2 A5 L0 22.27 S Type of Compressiv (%)increase in
4.0
e Strength compressive strength
3 A10 L0 24.28 13.4 .NO Mix
4 A15 L0 21 -2.0 13 A10 L2.5 24 12.0
5 A0L 2.5 21.2 -1.0 14 A10 L5 24.3 13.4
6 A0 L5 22.4 4.6 15 A10 L7.5 26 21.4
7 A0L 7.5 23.6 10.2 16 A10 L10 23 7.4
8 A0 L10 20 -6.6 17 A15 L2.5 20.5 -4.3
9 A5 L2.5 22 2.7 18 A15 L5 21 -2.0
10 A5 L5 23.7 10.6 19 A15 L7.5 21.5
0.4
11 A5 L7.5 22.8 6.4 20 A15 L10 20 -6.6
12 A5 L10 20.93
Test results for 28 days curing

S.NO Type of Mix Compressive (%)increase in

Strength(N/mm2) compressive strength CM - Common Mix
A - Alccofine%
1 Common Mix 33.4 -
L - Limestone%
2 A5 L0 39.3 17.7
3 A10 L0 43 28.7
4 A15 L0 36.72 9.9
S Compressiv (%)increase in
Type of compressive
5 A0 L2.5 31 -7.2 .NO e Strength strength
Mix
6 A0 L5 33.1 -0.9
14 A10 L5 42 25.7
7 A0 L7.5 34 1.8
15 A10 L7.5 44.2 32.3
8 A0 L10 30 -10.2
16 A10 L10 41 22.8
9 A5 L2.5 39 16.8
17 A15 L2.5 34.5 3.3
10 A5 L5 38.9 16.5
18 A15 L5 36.3 8.7
11 A5 L7.5 39.8 19.2
19 A15 L7.5 37.6 12.6
12 A5 L10 36.15 8.2
20 A15 L10 33.78 1.1
13 A10 L2.5 40.85 22.3
Compressive Strength at the Age of 7 Days

Alccofine Limestone

compressive strength at 7 days 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

25 23 22.6
compressive strength at 7 days

24.28
22.5
24 21.9
22
21.42
23 21.5
22.27 20.8
(𝑁/𝑚𝑚)^2

21
22 21.42 20.5
21 20
20
21
19.5
20 19
18.5
19 CM L2.5 L5 L7.5 L10
CM A5 A10 A15 Type of mix(%)
Type of mix(%)

CM - Common Mix CM - Common Mix

A - Alccofine% L - Limestone%
 Compressive Strength at the Age of 28 Days

Alccofine Limestone

compressive strength at 28 days 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

compressive strength at 28 days 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

34
34 33.4
50 43 33.1
39.3 33
40 36.72
33.4
32
30 31
31
20 30
30
10
29
0 28
CM A5 A10 A15 CM L2.5 L5 L7.5 L10
Type of mix(%) Type of mix(%)
CM - Common Mix CM - Common Mix
A - Alccofine% L - Limestone%
 Compressive Strength of Concrete mixtures with alccofine = 5% constant

CM - Common Mix
7 Days 28 Days
compressive strength at 7days 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

A - Alccofine%
L - Limestone%
39.8
23.7 40 39 38.9
24

compressive strength at
23.5
38

28days 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
23 22.8
36.15
22.5 22 36
22
21.42 33.4
21.5 34
20.93
21
32
20.5
20 30
19.5 CM A5 A5 A5 A5
CM A5 A5 A5 A5 L2.5 L5 L7.5 L10
Type of mix(%) L2.5 L5 L7.5 L10 Type of mix(%)
 Compressive Strength of Concrete mixtures with alccofine = 10% constant

CM - Common Mix
7 Days 28 Days

compressive strength at 28days 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

A - Alccofine%
ccompressive strength at 7days 〖𝑁/𝑚𝑚〗^2

L - Limestone%

30
26 50 44.2
24 24.3 42
25 23 40.85 41
21.42
40
33.4
20
30
15

10 20

5 10

0 0
CM A10 A10 A10 A10 CM A10 A10 A10 A10
L2.5 L5 L7.5 L10 L2.5 L5 L7.5 L10
Type of mix(%) Type of mix(%)
 Compressive Strength of Concrete mixtures with alccofine = 15% constant

CM - Common Mix
7 Days A - Alccofine%
28 Days

compressive strength at 28 days 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

L - Limestone%
21.42 21.5
compressive strength at 7days

21.5 38 37.6
21 37
21 36.3
20.5 36
20.5 35 34.5
20 33.78
20 34 33.4
33
19.5
32
19 31
CM A15 A15 A15 A15 CM A15 A15 A15 A15
Type of mix(%) L2.5 L5 L7.5 L10
Type of mix(%)
L2.5 L5 L7.5 L10
RATE ANALYSIS
 Rate analysis for common mix concrete (conventional)
• Ordinary Portland cement (53 grade) = 320 Rs / 50kg bag
• Fine aggregate (sand) = 660 Rs / cum
• Coarse aggregate (20mm size) = 1200 Rs / cum
• Water = Negligible

Quantities of materials
• Ordinary Portland cement = 522 kg
• Fine aggregate (sand) = 715 kg
• Coarse aggregate (20mm size) = 1163kg

Cost of mix proportion as per above quantities considered

• Ordinary Portland cement = 3340Rs
• Fine aggregate (sand) = 280 Rs
• Coarse aggregate (20mm size) = 895 Rs
• Total cost = 4515Rs
 Rate analysis of concrete with cement partially replaced with Alccofine and Limestone(A10,L7.5)
• Ordinary Portland cement (53 grade) = 320 Rs / 50kg bag
• Alccofine = 20 Rs/ kg
• Limestone = 1 Rs/ kg
• Fine aggregate (sand) = 660 Rs / cum
• Coarse aggregate (20mm size) = 1200Rs / cum
• Water = Negligible

Quantities of materials
• Ordinary Portland cement (53 grade) = 430 kg
• Alccofine (10%) = 52.2kg
• Limestone (7.5%) = 39.15kg
• Fine aggregate (sand) = 715 kg
• Coarse aggregate (20mm size) = 1163kg
 Cost of mix proportion as per above quantities considered
• Ordinary Portland cement = 2752 Rs
• Alccofine = 1044 Rs
• Limestone = 39.15 Rs
• Fine aggregate(sand) = 280 Rs
• Coarse aggregate (20mm size) = 895 Rs
• Total cost = 5010 Rs

Rates for Ready Mix concrete (RMC) by ACC cements

Grade of concrete Rate (Rs per cum)

M30 4800
M35 5500
M40 8400
 CONCLUSIONS

1. This study shows a review on effects of Alccofine and Limestone on properties of

concrete. It is found that the addition of Alccofine and Limestone in concrete show early
strength gaining property both in individual binary mixes and also in a ternary mix.

2. The compressive strength of concrete is increased with increase in percentages of

Alccofine and Limestone. The maximum increase in compressive strength is achieved with
10% replacement of cement by alccofine.

3. Concrete containing limestone powder up to 7.5% of cement content provide

competitive results to plain cement concretes in 7 days compressive strength.

4. It is found that Limestone powder increases the compressive strength of concrete at very
early age (i.e 7days strength). At 28 days compressive strength limestone blended
concrete do not provide much competitive results.
 CONCLUSIONS

5. Adding higher percentages of limestone powder beyond 7.5% decreases the

compressive strength of concrete.

6. From the Rate analysis, the relative cost of Alccofine blended concrete is cheaper than
plain cement concrete hence it is also economical in achieving higher strength of
concrete and fractions of limestone makes it cheaper.

7. The optimum cement replacement percentage is found to be 10 % by alccofine and 7.5%

by limestone. And this Alccofine – Limestone-Cement concrete with the optimum cement
replacement percentage reduces cost by about 500 Rs/m3 compared to M35 Grade
concrete.
LAB WORK
 Scope For Further Work

• Further research can be carried out to study the durability properties

of concrete incorporating Alccofine and Limestone as a partial

replacement of cement
 REFERENCES

1. Venkatesh A L, Harshitha T, Kavitha B Lakshmi, Kiran Kumar H, Ranganatha PT” High Strength Concrete By Partial
Replacement of Cement by Fly Ash, Metakaolin and Alccofine” IRJET Volume: 05 Issue: 04 Apr-2018.

2. B.Kaviya, K.Rohith, Soniya Kindo, Manoj Kumar J, Divya P ” Experimental Study On Partial Replacement Of Cement
Using Alccofine” IJPAM, Volume 116 No. 13 2017.

3. A.A.Ramezanianpour, E.Ghiasvand, I.Nickseresht, F. Moodi, and M.E. Kamel” Engineering Properties and Durability Of
Concretes Containing Limestone Cements” 31 August 2017.

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Cement by Alccofine & Fly Ash” ICRTRES, March, 2015.

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alccofine and fly ash” ISSN , Volume 2 Issue 2,February 2014.
 REFERENCES
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IJMMTER Vol. 3

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concrete” IJMRD

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and Flyash” ISSN - 2250-1991 Vol.: 3 | Issue : 4 | May 2013

12. Beeralingegowda, V. D. Gundakalle studied” The effect of addition of limestone powder on the properties of self-
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Thank You!