A Study on “Compressive Strength of Concrete using

Brick Dust as partial replacement of Sylhet Sand”

By
Mohammad Mamun : 191048047 Md. Saiful Islam : 172082047
Mst. Taslima Aktar : 173176047 Md. Azharul Islam : 181301047
Dipu Roy : 191098047 Md. Tonoy Rahman : 191176047
Moha. Saidul Islam : 192277047

A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering,

Presidency University
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of “Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering”
Supervised By
Sakib Ahmad
Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
Presidency University

1
 Introduction

Brick dust is a waste material which generates as waste in brick kilns and
construction sites. This material goes into dumping and used as landfills which
concerns our environment. Researchers around the globe use many innovative
and waste materials in concrete to overcome the environmental and economic
problems. These waste materials give higher or almost same concrete properties.
Dumping of brick dust and other waste brick particles, flakes etc., not only occupy
land but also create environmental problems. The problems could be reduced to a
large extent by using these waste materials in cement concrete. The reasons for
using brick dust include economical gain and beneficial modification of certain
properties of fresh and hardened concrete elements. Therefore, in these
circumstances the waste materials such as stone dust, brick dust and construction
waste provides an alternative solution for the construction industry so that the
waste converts to wealth.
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 Objective of the Study

● To find the compressive strength of concrete using different proportion of brick

dust as partial replacement of Sylhet Sand.

● Compare the compressive strength between the concrete using sylhet sand
and the concrete using different proportion of brick dust.
● Find the optimum percentage of partial replacement of sylhet sand with brick
dust on the basis of strength and economical savings.

3
 Literature Review
Many researchers have investigated the influence of partial or full substitution of
recycled materials as both of fine and coarse aggregate and cement on the fresh
and hardened concrete properties.
● A study conducted by M. Kamal Uddin[1] concluded that brick dust could be
used for partial replacement of cement in concrete. The study concluded that
Concrete prepared with 20% cement replaced by brick dust also shows good
resistance to chemical attack, specially the sulfate attack.
● Khan et al [2] analyzed brick dust and marble powder as cement replacement.
Results shows that workability is increased by using both ingredients in
certain proportion, compressive strength is reduced by increasing brick dust
content beyond 10% replacement.
● Duby and Porwal [3] reported that fly ash and brick dust mixed in concrete as
admixture can save cost of cement up to 20% by providing the same strength.

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 Research Significance
It is observed from the literature review that brick dust has cementing properties
and research conducted with partial replacement of cement. Some research has
been conducted on the substitution of cement with Brick Dust but the compressive
strength of concrete replacing Natural Fine Aggregate by Brick Dust is scarce.
Therefore, in the present investigation, an attempt is made to study the concrete
properties with partial replacement of natural fine aggregate (Sylhet Sand)with
20%, 40% & 60% Brick Dust.

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 Methodology
Flow Chart of Methodology
Conduct Lab Test of Materials
Collect Materials Mixing Concrete
(Sieve Analysis, Specific Gravity,Unit Weight)

Compressive Strength Test Curing Making Cylinder Specimen

(7 days, 14 days & 28 days)

Result and Analysis Conclusions and Recommendations

6
 Methodology
Materials Used in this Study

● Natural Coarse Aggregate: 20 mm down stone chips

Origin: Dubai
● Natural Fine Aggregate : Sylhet Sand
Origin : Goainghat
● Recycled Fine Aggregate: Brick Dust
Type of Brick: 2nd Class Brick
● Binder: Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC) (Crown Brand Cement)
● Chemical Admixture : Superplasticizer(PCA-1, Sobut New Materials CO. Ltd.)
Type of Admixture : High Range Water Reducing Admixture

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 Result of Sieve Analysis(Coarse Aggregate)
Sieve Sieve Material Material Cumulative Material Percent
Lower Limit Upper Limit
Number Size(mm) Retained (gm) Retained (%) Retained (%) Passing

1” 25 0 0 0 100 100 100

¾” 20 580 11.60 11.6 88.4 90 100

½” 12.5 2484 49.68 61.3 38.7 45 72

⅜” 9.5 1246 24.92 86.2 13.8 20 55

NO. 4 4.75 480 9.60 95.8 4.2 0 10

NO. 8 2.36 180 3.60 99.4 0.6 0 5

NO. 16 1.18 12 0.24 99.64 0.36 0 0

NO. 30 0.6 16 0.32 99.96 0.04 0 0

NO. 50 0.3 2 0.04 100 0 0 0

NO. 100 0.15 0 0 100 0 0 0

Pan — 0 0 100 0 0 0

Total(gm) 5000 FM 7.54

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 Gradation Curve of Coarse Aggregate

Percent Passing(%)

Gradation Curve: Gap Graded 9

 Result of Sieve Analysis(Sylhet Sand)

Cumulative
Sieve Material Material
Sieve Size Material Percent Lower Upper
Number Retained Retained
(mm) Retained Passing Limit Limit
(gm) (%)
(%)

NO. 4 4.75 9 1.8 1.8 98.2 95 100

NO. 8 2.36 40 8 9.8 90.2 80 100

NO. 16 1.18 107 21.4 31.2 68.8 50 85

NO. 30 0.60 122 24.4 55.6 44.4 25 60

NO. 50 0.30 118 23.6 79.2 20.8 10 30

NO. 100 0.15 86 17.2 96.4 3.6 2 10

Pan — 18 3.6 100 0 0 0

Total(gm) 500 FM 2.74

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 Result of Sieve Analysis(Brick Dust)

Cumulative
Sieve Material Material
Sieve Size Material Percent Lower Upper
Number Retained Retained
(mm) Retained Passing Limit Limit
(gm) (%)
(%)

NO. 4 4.75 2 0.4 0.4 99.6 95 100

NO. 8 2.36 25 5 5.4 94.6 80 100

NO. 16 1.18 58 11.6 17 83 50 85

NO. 30 0.60 54 10.8 27.8 72.2 25 60

NO. 50 0.30 67 13.4 41.2 58.8 10 30

NO. 100 0.15 167 33.4 74.6 25.4 2 10

Pan — 127 25.4 100 0

Total(gm) 500 FM 1.66

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 Result of Sieve Analysis
Comparison of Fineness Modulus(FM) Between Sylhet Sand and Brick Dust

2.74
Fineness Modulus(FM)

1.66

Sylhet Sand Brick Dust

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Comparison of Specific Gravity and Water Absorption
Capacity Between Sylhet Sand and Brick Dust

20.97%

2.66 2.19 2.74%

Specific Gravity Water Absorption Capacity

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Comparison of Unit Weight Between Sylhet Sand and Brick Dust

1516.533
Unit Weight Kg/ m^3)

1054.336

Sylhet Sand Brick Dust

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Quantity of Materials

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 Making Cylinder Specimen
The quantity of cylinder specimen we made for 7 days, 14 days and 28 days test

Mix Proportion - 1:2:4 (Cement: Fine Aggregate:Coarse Aggregate)

● With 100% Sylhet Sand - 3*3 = 9 Cylinder

● With 80% Sylhet Sand + 20% Brick Dust - 3*3 = 9 Cylinder

● With 60% Sylhet Sand + 40% Brick Dust - 3*3 = 9 Cylinder

● With 40% Sylhet Sand + 60% Brick Dust - 3*3 = 9 Cylinder

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 Workability(Slump)

Slump : 40 mm Slump : 40 mm Slump : 10 mm Slump : 70 mm

Used 100% Sylhet Sand Used 80% Sylhet Sand Used 60% Sylhet Sand Used 40% Sylhet Sand
W/C ratio 0.45 & 20% Brick Dust & 40% Brick Dust & 60% Brick Dust
Superplasticizer 0.45% W/C ratio 0.45 W/C ratio 0.45 W/C ratio 0.55
Superplasticizer 0.45% Superplasticizer 0.45% Superplasticizer 0.55%
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 Result and Analysis

Different Proportion of Using Compressive Strength at different ages(psi)

Sylhet Sand and Brick Dust
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days

100% Sylhet Sand 3180 3450 3750

(Mix Proportion- 1:2:4)

80% Sylhet Sand + 20% Brick Dust 3140 3890 4090

(Mix Proportion- 1:2:4)

60% Sylhet Sand + 40% Brick Dust 2920 3170 3400

(Mix Proportion- 1:2:4)

40% Sylhet Sand + 60% Brick Dust 3110 4050 4390

(Mix Proportion- 1:2:4)

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 Compressive Strength(psi)

3180

3450
3750

3140

3890

4090

2920

3170
3400

3110
Quantity of Sylhet Sand and Brick Dust

4050
Result and Analysis

4390
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 Explanation of Result
From the result of the compressive strength test, we can see that when Brick Dust is used as
partial replacement of Sylhet Sand, strength is increasing as more as the partial replacement.
From literature review, it is known that Brick Dust obtain hydraulic property when mixed with
water and used as a partial replacement of cement due to it's hydraulic property. It is a reason
for the increasing of strength. Brick Dust has a high water absorption capacity which reduces
the water cement ratio in concrete and strength depends on water cement ratio. In this study,
strength increased in the concrete with 20% Brick Dust and 60% Brick Dust, but decreased
with 40% Brick Dust. The explanation of the result is may be that, due to high water
absorption capacity of Brick Dust, the water content reduces too much that the water content
was insufficient for the hydration of cement and all the cement particle couldn't react to obtain
strength. During the cylinder making procedure, we noticed that workability was too less and
then we increased the water cement ratio and chemical admixture doses(w/c ratio- 0.55 &
admixture 0.55% of cement quantity) at 60% Brick Dust concrete for better workability. As a
result, there was enough water content for hydration of cement and strength increased.
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 Cost Analysis(for 9 Cylinder)
Mix Type Material Quantity Unit Price Total Price Total Cost

Cement 4.36 Kg 12 BDT 52 BDT

Coarse Aggregate 0.43 cft 200 BDT 85 BDT

100% Sylhet Sand 153.4 BDT
Sylhet Sand 0.21 cft 65 BDT 14 BDT

Admixture 20 gm 120 BDT 2.4 BDT

Cement 4.36 Kg 12 BDT 52 BDT

Coarse Aggregate 0.43 cft 200 BDT 85 BDT

80% Sylhet Sand
151.9 BDT
+ Sylhet Sand 0.17 cft 65 BDT 11 BDT
20% Brick Dust
Brick Dust 0.04 cft 35 BDT 1.5 BDT

Admixture 20 gm 120 BDT 2.4 BDT

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 Cost Analysis(for 9 Cylinder)
Mix Type Material Quantity Unit Price Total Price Total Cost

Cement 4.36 Kg 12 BDT 52 BDT

Coarse Aggregate 0.43 cft 200 BDT 85 BDT

60% Sylhet Sand
+ Sylhet Sand 0.13 cft 65 BDT 8.5 BDT 150.9 BDT
40% Brick Dust
Brick Dust 0.08 cft 35 BDT 3 BDT

Admixture 20 gm 120 BDT 2.4 BDT

Cement 4.36 Kg 12 BDT 52 BDT

Coarse Aggregate 0.43 cft 200 BDT 85 BDT

40% Sylhet Sand
+ Sylhet Sand 0.08 cft 65 BDT 5.2 BDT 149.58 BDT
60% Brick Dust
Brick Dust 0.13 cft 35 BDT 4.5 BDT

Admixture 24 gm 120 BDT 2.88 BDT

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 Conclusions
● Strength of concrete increases with the increasing of partial replacement of
Sylhet Sand with Brick Dust.
● The optimum percentage of partial replacement of Sylhet Sand with Brick dust
is 60%.
● Using Brick Dust in concrete will reduce the workability of Concrete.
● Using Brick Dust in Concrete required more water cement ratio and admixture
doses for better workability.
● Though using brick dust as partial replacement of Sylhet Sand in concrete
required more chemical admixture, it is more economical than using 100%
Sylhet Sand because of cheaper price.

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 Limitations
● In this Study, all the materials were dry which affected the workability and
required more water cement ratio and Chemical Admixture.
● Water cement ratio and chemical admixture doses were constant until we
faced difficulties while mixing the Concrete.
● We used only OPC in this study, so couldn’t find the performance of Brick
Dust using PCC.
● We partially replaced Sylhet Sand with Brick Dust by 20%, 40% and 60%,
didn’t use more or less proportion.
● Compressive strength test conducted at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days, so we
couldn’t find if the concrete using different proportion of brick dust can obtain
more strength after 28 days.
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 Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusion presented, the following
recommendations are suggested:
● All the materials should be used in SSD condition for better workability.
● Water Cement ratio and chemical admixture doses should be increased for
better workability.
● Both of OPC and PCC should be used in two different concrete mix with the
same proportion of partial replacement of Sylhet Sand by Brick Dust and the
result should be compare.
● Different proportion of partial replacement of Sylhet Sand by Brick Dust
should be used to find the optimum percentage.
● Compressive Strength test should be conducted after 28 days(such as 56
days or more) for find if the concrete can obtain more strength after 28 days.

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Thank You

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