“Utilization of SUGARCANE BAGASSE

ASH as a partial replacement of CEMENT

in CONCRETE”
 Points covered in following
presentation :
• Introduction
• Need for Study
• Objectives
• Literature Review
• Case Study
 Introduction
• The industrial byproducts which have been disposed earlier are
now being considered for beneficial use. Beneficial use can
reduce our nation’s carbon production and consumption of
virgin material and result in economic gains.

• Researches all over the world today are focusing on ways of

utilizing either industrial or agricultural wastes as a source of
raw materials for the industry.
 Introduction Contd…
• The most critical problem we are facing now-a-days, is the deficiency of
natural resources for the construction purpose. To solve this problem, we are
thinking of using solid waste from sugar industry as a partial replacement
material for cement, i.e. use of sugar cane bagasse ash.

• The sugarcane is one of the major crops grown in over 110 countries and its
total production is over 1500 million tons/year.

• Sugarcane production in India is over 300 million tons/year leaving about 10

million tons of SCBA as un-utilized and hence waste material.
 Introduction Contd…
• After the extraction of all economical sugar from sugarcane, about 40-45%

fibrous residue is obtained, which is reused in the same industry as fuel in

boilers for heat generation leaving behind 2-3 % ash as waste, known as

sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA).

• When this waste is burned under controlled conditions, it also gives ash

having amorphous silica, which has pozzolanic properties. SCBA has

proved to be a viable by-product for mineral admixture in cement.

 Introduction Contd…
• SCBA used in this study was obtained by burning SCB at 5
different temperature leveles (400 º C, 500 º C, 600 º C, 700 º
C, 800 º C) under controlled conditions and to evaluate the
possibility of its binder, partially replacing cement in the
mortar applications.
• The main focus of this project is on to check the pozolonic
reactivity of bagasse ash sample as received. The method
selected for beneficial use is based on consideration of
different levels of grinding and temperature and to find out the
results of workability of fresh concrete an compressive
strength of hardened concrete.
 Need for Study

• To reduce environmental pollution.

• To find out new construction material.

• To minimize life cycle cost of construction work.

 Objectives of Project
• To study the researches so far done in the area of uses of sugarcane bagasse
ash in construction industry.
• To study strengths and weaknesses of use of bagasse ash in concrete
preparation.
• To understand the theoretical concepts about sugarcane bagasse ash.
• To investigate the utilization of Bagasse Ash as a Supplementary
Cementitious Materials (SCM) by determining it’s pozzolanic reactivity.
• To compare pozzolanic reactivity of as received bagasse ash sample with the
bagasse ash calcinated at various temperature and at different grinding levels.
• To find the optimum temperature and corresponding grinding level which
gives maximum pozzolanic activity.
• To find the optimum replacement % of bagasse ash with respect to achieving
maximum compressive strength & workability as compared to traditional
concrete.
• To do the cost analysis of the bagasse ash used in concrete.
 Literature Survey
• Paya (2002):-
This paper mainly speaks about the pozzolanic reactivity of SCBA and its
suitability as a binding material. He said that to achieve this pozzolanic
reactivity controlled burning of SCBA is required in the boilers i.e. 600 oc-
700oc.

• K.Ganesan (2006):-
In this paper he carried out study of chemical and physical properties of
concrete by using partial replacement of cement by SCBA. And on the basis of
analyzing setting time of concrete, compressive strength he concluded that up
to 20% ordinary portland cement can be optimally replaced with well burnt
bagasse ash.
 Literature Survey contd…..
• Cordeiro (2008):-
This paper mainly discuss about the particle size of SCBA required in
replacement of cement while preparing concrete. He concluded, particle size,
characterized by the 80% passing size below about 60μm is correlated with
the pozzolanic activity index and such addition of SCBA in concrete resulted
in rheology of fresh concrete.

• Nuntachi Chusilp (2008):-

This paper gives comparison between ordinary concrete and concrete
prepared by using partial SCBA on the basis of water permeability. According
to his experiments we conclude that concrete prepared by using SCBA is less
permeable than ordinary concrete.
 Literature Survey contd…..
• Sumrerng Rukzon (2011):-
This paper presents use of Bagasse Ash as a pozzolanic material for
producing high strength concrete. In addition, the compressive strength, the
porosity, the coefficient of water absorption and the chloride diffusion of
concretes are determined. The test results concluded that the replacement of
cement with SCBA up to 30% increases resistance to chloride penetration.
CASE STUDY: Experimental Study on Bagasse Ash in Concrete
R. Srinivasan, K. Sathiya.(2010)

• Materials

Cement
Fine Aggregate
Coarse Aggregate
Water
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

• Experimental Work
79.537%

Sample from Direct Sugar

Industry

Chemical composition of SCBA sample

88.044%

Processed Sample

Chemical composition of SCBA sample

Experimental Results

Workability of Fresh Concrete

Sample Designation % of SCBA Workability

Slump(mm) Compaction Factor

C0 0 60 0.95

N1 5 187 0.96

N2 10 200 0.96

N3 15 220 0.97

N4 20 225 0.97

N5 25 230 0.97
 Strength Results of SCBA Concrete at 7th Day

Sample % of SCBA Compressive Split Tensile Flexural Module of Bulk Density

Designation Strength Strength at Strength Elasticity (kg/m3)
(Mpa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa)

C0 0 13.80 0.693 3.63 22800 2535.32

N1 5 15.83 0.97 3.35 23100 2541.23

N2 10 12.33 0.90 3.19 23000 2517.52

N3 15 8.79 0.70 3.04 21900 2494.81

N4 20 8.30 0.65 2.75 20100 2400.01

N5 25 7.55 0.42 2.30 19800 2396.04

 Strength Results of SCBA Concrete at 28th Day

Sample % of SCBA Compressive Split Tensile Flexural Module of Bulk Density

Designation Strength Strength at Strength Elasticity (kg/m3)
(Mpa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa)

C0 0 21.47 1.526 3.460 30010 2546.17

N1 5 29.50 1.94 3.74 29200 2581.72

N2 10 24.70 1.59 3.56 25800 2505.67

N3 15 19.32 1.45 3.38 21000 2429.62

N4 20 18.85 1.34 3.18 19500 2410.21

N5 25 17.73 1.24 3.02 18500 2400.00

Conclusion of case study:-

• The results show that the SCBA in blended concrete had significantly higher compressive

strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength compare to that of the concrete without

SCBA.

• It is found that the cement could be advantageously replaced with SCBA up to maximum

limit of 10%. Although, the optimal level of SCBA content was achieved with 10%

replacement.

• Partial replacement of cement by SCBA increases workability of fresh concrete; therefore

use of super plasticizer is not substantial.

• The density of concrete decreases with increase in SCBA content, low weight concrete

produced in the society with waste materials (SCBA).

 References
• Akram T., Memon S. A., Obaid H. (2009), Production of low cost self compacting
concrete using bagasse ash, Construction and Building Materials; 23: 703–712.
• Batra, V.S., Urbonaite, S., Svensson, G., (2008)”. Characterization of unburned
carbon in bagasse ash, Fuel, 87:2972- 2976.
• ASTM C 618, Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural
pozzolan for use in concrete, 2005:412-421.
• Chusilp N., Jaturapitakkul C., Kiattikomol K. (2009), Utilization of bagasse ash as a
pozzolanic material in concrete, Construction and Building Materials; 23: 3352–
3358.
• Cordeiro GC, Filho RDT, Tavares LM, Fairbairn EMR. (2008), Pozzolanic activity
and filler effect of sugar cane bagasse ash in Portland cement and lime mortars,
Cement and Concrete Composite; 30: 410–418.
• Cordeiro GC, Filho RDT, Fairbairn EMR. (2009), Effect of calcination temperature
on the pozzolanic activity of sugar cane bagasse ash, Construction and Building
Materials; 23: 3301–3303.
• Cordeiro GC, Filho RDT, Tavares LM, Fairbairn EMR. (2009), Ultrafine grinding of
sugar cane bagasse ash for application as pozzolanic admixture in concrete, Cement
and Concrete Research; 39: 110–115.
 References Contd…..
• Ganesan K, Rajagopal K, Thangavel K. (2007), Evaluation of bagasse ash
as supplementary cementitious material. Cement Concrete Composite
29:515–24.
• http://www.indiansugar.com/sugarcane/ash production 23rd March,2015.
• Mehta P. K. and Monteiro P. J. M., Concrete Microstructure, Properties,
and Materials, McGraw-Hill, 3rd edition, 2006:219-227.
• Neville A. M., Properties of Concrete, Person Education Limited, 5th
edition, 2011: 68-72.
• Paya, J., Monzo, J., Borrachero, M. V., Diaz-Pinzon, L., and Ordonez, L.
M. (2002), Sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA): Studies on its properties for
reusing in concrete production, Journal of Chemical Technology and
Biotechnology; 77(3), 321–325.
• Rukzon S., Chindaprasirt P. (2012), Utilization of bagasse ash in high-
strength concrete, Materials and Design; 34: 45–50.
• http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/sugarcane 23rd March,2015.
Thank You