BAGASSE ASH IN CONCRETE

BY

ABDUL HASEEB WANI

M.E STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING (PURSUING)

THAPAR UNIVERSITY, PATIALA,INDIA

CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 NEED FOR INCORPORATION IN CONCRETE
 PHYSICAL PROPERTRIES
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
 DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH PAPERS
 CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION

 Bagasse is a major by-product of the sugar industry,

which is utilized in the same industry as an energy
source for sugar production.

 After the extraction of all economical sugar from

sugarcane, about 40-45% fibrous residue is obtained
known as bagasse.

 This baggase is used as a fuel in the boilers for heat

generation leaving behind 8-10% ash as waste,
known as sugarcane baggase ash.
NEED FOR INCORPORATION IN CONCRETE.

 Sugarcane production in India is over 300 million

tons/year that cause about 10 million tons of sugarcane
baggase ash as an un-utilized and waste material.

 After burning, bagasse ash is collected as a by-product

from the boiler and directly dumped to nearest disposal
area.

 Disposal of bagasse ash is a critical issue for sugar

industries because of environmental constraints and
land requirements.

 Because of its good pozzolanic performance, baggase

ash has been suggested as an excellent alternative
cementitious material in concrete.
Fig 1: Disposal of baggase and bagasse ash
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density Specific gravity Fineness passing Specific Mean grain

45 µm surface size(µm)
area(m²/kg)
0.4 1.80 95 900 5.1
 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

SiO₂ Al₂ Fe₂O₃ CaO MgO Na₂O K₂O SO₃ LOI

O₃
87.40 3.6 4.90 2.56 0.69 0.15 0.47 0.11 8.25
0

(Mill-fired bagasse ash collected from Khazana sugar mill, Peshawar,

Pakistan. The ash was ground before using it in the further
experimentations)
 Use of Baggase ash in concrete and its impact on

the strength and Chloride resistivity (Noor-ul Amin)

Experimentation
• Materials
o High strength portland cement conforming to British standard specification BS:12:1996
was used in the study.
o Sand passing 100% through 850 and 10% through 600 was used according to the British
standard specification.
o Aggregate used was crushed dolomite aggregate, passing through a 12.5mm sieve and
retained on 4.75mm sieve with a fineness modulus of 6.26 and specific gravity of 2.7.
o Mill-fired baggase ash was collected from Premier sugar mill in Peshawar, Pakistan. The
samples were randomly collected from the heaps in the yard of the sugar mills and
carried to the laboratory in polythene bags.
o The ash collected from the sugar mills was black in colour due to the high amount of
carbon content, which was further burned at 650ºC for 1 hour, which brought the carbon
content down to 4.5%. After cooling the ash was ground before using in the same
manner as a cement replacement material.
Table 1. Physical property of High strength Portland cement and Baggase ash
Material Density Specific Fineness Specific Mean
gravity passing 45 surface grain
µm area(m²/kg) size(µm)

High 1.15 3.0 82 300 21

strength
portland
cement

Baggase ash 0.4 1.80 95 900 5.1

Table 2. Chemical composition of High strength Portland cement and Baggase ash

Material SiO₂ Al₂O₃ Fe₂O₃ CaO MgO Na₂O K₂O SO₃ LOI

Cement 21.55 5.69 3.39 64.25 0.85 0.33 0.59 2.47 1.80

Bagasse ash 87.40 3.60 4.90 2.56 0.69 0.15 0.47 0.11 8.25
• Seven different proportions of concrete mixes(baggase ash ranging
from 5% to 30% by weight of cement) including the control mix were
prepared with a water water binder ratio of 0.45 for a design
compressive strength of 25N/mm².

• 100 mm³ cubes were cast from each mix for compressive strength
testing.

• Cylinders measuring 150 mm × 300 mm were cast from each mix for
determining the splitting tensile strength.

• Additionally,100-mm-diameter and 50-mm-thick cylindrical

specimens were cast from each mix for water and chloride
penetration tests.
Table 3. Mix Proportion of Baggase ash blended concrete
Mix Bagasse Cement Cement Bagasse Sand Aggregate Water(g)
designa ash(%) (%) (g) ash
tion
CB0 0 100 16.57 0 24.88 49.76 8.78
CB1 5 95 15.74 0.83 24.88 49.76 8.78
CB2 10 90 14.91 1.66 24.88 49.76 8.78
CB3 15 85 14.08 2.49 24.88 49.76 8.78
CB4 20 80 13.26 3.31 24.88 49.76 8.78
CB5 25 75 12.43 4.14 24.88 49.76 8.78
CB6 30 70 11.60 4.97 24.88 49.76 8.78
• Compressive strength of concrete
Comparison of the compressive strength data for 3, 7 and 28 days of
curing times shows that the compressive strength increases(with
increasing bagasse ash upto 10% and then at 20%) and attains
equivalent values to those of the control specimens.

Compressive strength vs % of Baggase ash

50

45

40
Compressive strength(Mpa)

35

30
3 days
25
7 days
20
28 days
15

10
5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cement replacement(%)
• Splitting tensile strength
The splitting tensile strength values of baggase ash-blended concrete
after 28 days of curing are shown in the graph below.

Splitting Tensile strength vs % of Baggase ash

6
Tensile strength of 28 days(MPa)

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cement replacement (%)

• Chloride penetration
The rapid chloride permeability test results for bagasse ash-
blended concrete specimens are shown in the graph below.
Chloride Permeability vs % of Baggase ash
3000
Charge passed(coulombs)

2500

2000

1500 28 days
90 days

1000

500

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cement replacement(%)
• Chloride Diffusion
The chloride migration diffusion coefficients of baggase ash-blended
concrete specimens are represented in the graph below.

Chloride Diffusion vs % of Baggase ash

4
Chloride diffusion coeffiecient × 10^-8

3.5

2.5

2 28 days
90 days
1.5

0.5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cement replacement(%)
 Utilization of Baggase ash as a partial replacement
of fine aggregate in concrete(Prashant O.M, M.R
Vyawahare)
Experimentation
• Materials
o Ordinary Portland cement(grade 53) was used.
o Locally available natural sand with 4.75 mm maximum size was used
as fine aggregate.
o Crushed stone with 16mm maximum size was used as coarse
aggregate.
o Both fine aggregate and coarse aggregate confirmed to Indian
Standard Specifications IS: 383-1970.
o The bagasse ash used in the investigation was obtained from a
Corporate Sugar Factory in the nearby vicinity.
• The experimental work consisted of performing the sieve analysis of
bagasse ash as per the Indian standard procedure and using the
results for the mix design to achieve the concrete of required
strength and quality.

• For carrying out the strength investigations a total 45 number of

concrete cubes and 15 cylindrical specimens were casted.

• Based upon the quantities of ingredient of the mixes, the quantities of

sugar cane bagasse ash for 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% replacement by
volume of sand were estimated.

• The water cement ratio was kept 0.40 and the dose of
superplasticizer was kept constant at 0.8%.

• Cement: 430kg/m³

• C.A: 1260 kg/m³ and F.A: 650kg/m³

• Compressive strength
The results obtained from compressive strength test for all the mixes
are given in the graph below.

Compressive strength vs Replacement of baggase ash

30

25
Compressive strength(MPa)

20

15 7 days
28 days
10

0
0 10 20 30 40

% of Baggase ash
• Tensile strength
The tensile strength results for all the mixes for 28 days curing are
shown in the graph below.

Tensile strength vs % of Baggase ash

5

4.5
Tensile strength(MPa)

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 10 20 30 40

% of Baggase ash
 CONCLUSION(S)
• Up to 20% of high-strength portland cement can be optimally
replaced with well-burnt bagasse ash without any adverse effect on
the desirable properties of concrete.

• The specific advantages of such replacement are the development

of high early strength, reduction in water permeability, and
appreciable resistance to chloride permeation and diffusion.

• The fraction of fine aggregates i.e. 10% to 20% can be effectively

replaced with a bagasse ash (untreated) without a considerable loss
of workability and strength properties.

• The compressive strength results represent that, the strength of the

mixes with 10% and 20% bagasse ash increases at later days (28
days) as compared to7 days that may be due to pozzolanic
properties of bagasse ash.

• In its purest form the bagasse ash can prove to be a potential

ingredient of concrete since it can be an effective replacement to
cement and fine aggregate.
• Raw bagasse ash has lower pozzolanic activity than the minimum
requirement in the standards [ASTM C618 (ASTM 2012)] due to
presence of coarse fibrous carbon particles. Removal of coarse
fibrous carbon particles from raw bagasse ash improves its pozzolanic
activity from 69 to 79%. Processed bagasse ash can be used as
pozzolanic material.

• Processed bagasse ash can be used as an excellent pozzolanic

addition in blended cement production to attain durable and
sustainable concrete instead of being dumped as a waste material.
 REFERENCES
[1] Use of Bagasse Ash in Concrete and Its Impact on the Strength and
Chloride Resistivity; Noor-ul Amin; J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2011.23:717-720.

[2] Utilization of Bagasse Ash as a Partial Replacement of Fine

Aggregate in Concrete; Prashant O Modania, M R Vyawahare;
Procedia Engineering 51 ( 2013 ) 25 – 29.

[3] Assesment of Pozzolanic Performance of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash; A.

Bahurudeen, Kaisar Wani,Mirza Abdul Basit3,and Manu Santhanam; J.
Mater. Civ. Eng. 2015.