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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

“EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF
CONCRETE BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF BOTTOM ASH
TO FINE AGGREGATE AND FLYASH TO CEMENT”

PRESENTED BY: PROJECT GUIDE-

Mr. NAGARAJ M HIREMATH Prof. V C CHANDRASHEKAR
USN: 1DS17CV425
CONTENTS:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
3. OBJECTIVE
4. METHODOLGY
5. CONCLUSION
6. REFERENCES
 1.INTRODUCTION
• Concrete is the most common and widely used construction material all over
the world.
• Although reinforced concrete has become the material of choice for general
construction, there is a worldwide concern about its durability.
• Concrete is a synthetic construction material made by mixing cement, fine
aggregate (usually sand), coarse aggregate (usually gravel or crushed stone),
and water in proper proportions.
• According to the type of binder used, there are many different kinds of
concrete. For instance, Portland cement concrete, asphalt concrete, and epoxy
concrete.
• Bottom ash is fine, solid mineral, is the residue of burning of coal in boilers.
• It is in dark grey colour, granular and porous in nature.
HOW DO WE GET BOTTOM ASH
 2.LITERATURE REVIEW
  Based on the work of various researchers it was seen
that bottom ash can be a suitable material for replacement of fine
aggregate in concrete mix. Following conclusions can be drawn. The
compressive strength for 7, 28, 56 and 90 days was increased up to
15-20% replacement and after that compressive strengths were
decreased for further more replacement. A marginal decrease was
observed in the flexural strength up to 15-20% replacement level. A
decrease in strength of concrete with the increase in levels of fine
aggregate replacement by coal bottom ash is due to the replacement
of the stronger material with the weaker material. Workability of
concrete decreases with the increase in percentage of Bottom ash, as
it is more porous, therefore absorb more water than sand hence some
super plasticizer can be used in increasing dose as percentage of
bottom ash is increased.
 3.OBJECTIVE

• This paper presents the experimental investigations carried out to study the effect
of use of bottom ash as a replacement of fine aggregates.
• To know the effect of bottom ash on fresh concrete and hardened concrete.
• The strength developed for various percentages (0%,10%,20%,30%,40%)
replacement of fine aggregates with bottom ash, and 25% of fly ash with cement.
It can be easily equated to the strength development by normal concrete.
• To compare 28days Compressive Test with Accelerated Curing Test
 4.METHDOLOGY
MATERIALS:
• Ordinary Portland Cement: is a binder substance that sets and hardens
independently and can bind other materials together. In this work, Ordinary
Portland Cement (OPC) of 53 Grade conforming to IS 269: 2015 will be used. It
is also tested for physical and chemical properties as per IS 4031:1996 and also
to be conforming to various specifications as per IS 269: 2015.
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
Sl. Requirements as per
No. Test Conducted Results
IS: 269-2015
1 Brand of cement Dalmia -
2 Type of cement OPC 53 Grade -
3 Specific gravity 3.15 (conducted)
4 Consistency 28% (conducted) Not specified
5 Initial setting time 43 Minutes(conducted) Shall not be less than 30
Minutes
6 Final setting time 280 Minutes(conducted) Shall not be more than 600
Minutes
7 Compressive strength:
(Average of three results)
3 days 32.4 MPa Shall not be less than 27.0
MPa
7 days 45.6 MPa Shall not be less than 37.0
MPa
28 days 58.3 MPa Shall not be less than 53.0
MPa
8 SOUNDNESS (by Le- 1 mm(conducted) Shall not be more than
Chatelier’s method) 10mm
REMARKS:

Sample was tested as per guidelines in IS 4031 (Part 3 to 6) 1988 (Reaffirmed 2005), IS 4031
(Part 2) -1999 (Reaffirmed 2004) and it conforms to the Indian Standard
specification IS: 269-2015 in respect of physical properties.
FLY ASH: Fly ash from the Raichur thermal power plant located in Raichur district,
Karnataka state, India, was used in the study having specific gravity of 2.2 is used.(IS
3812:1981)

BOTTOM ASH: Bottom ash from the Raichur thermal power plant located in Raichur district,
Karnataka state, India, was used in the study having specific gravity of 2.65 is used.(IS 3812:1981)
FINE AGGREGATE: (MANUFACTURED SAND): M-Sand is used
as fine aggregate. the bulk density of manufactured sand was 1.75
kg/m3, specific gravity  was found to be 2.73 . moisture is trapped in
between the particles which is good for concrete purposes. higher concrete
strength compared to river sand used for concreting. 
 

COARSE AGGREGATE: Crushed stones of angular shaped

aggregates with specific gravity 2.6, hard durable free from clay, was
utilized for the study. both 20mm and 12mm size aggregates were used
with proportion of 80% and 20% respectively.
 
 
 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
In the present work M25, grade of concrete is considered for the experimental investigation. Fine
aggregate was practically replaced with 10% , 20%, 30%, 40% percentage of bottom ash and fly of
25% was replaced with cement. Comparative result of compressive strength, flexural strength and
accelerated curing test of conventional concrete cube and bottom ash added concrete cube are
reported.

Constant Parameters:
• Grade of concrete: M25
• Fly ash: 25%
• Size of specimen: 150mm×150mm×150mm

Variable Parameters:
• Bottom ash: fine aggregate is replaced with bottom ash in different proportion 10% , 20%, 30%, 40% .
• Admixture: 0.1 to 0.3 of total quantity of cementations materials.
• Curing period: 7days and 28days. 
Flexural Strength:

• Also known as modulus of rupture, or bend strength, or transverse rupture

strength.
• The transverse bending test is most frequently employed, in which a
specimen having either a circular or rectangular cross-section is bent until
fracture or yielding point.
• Conducted for specimen of size 500x100x100 mm.
Accelerated Curing Method:

• This method is also used to find out 28 days compressive strength of concrete in 28
hours. (As per IS 9013).
• The most commonly adopted curing techniques are steam curing at atmospheric
pressure, warm water curing, boiling water curing and autoclaving.
• Cost saving benefits.
Compressive strength:

The specimen of standard cube of (150 mm x150 mm x 150 mm) was used to determine the
compressive strength of concrete. Three specimens were tested for 7 and 28 days with varying
proportion of bottom-ash replacement. The constituents were weighed and the materials were mixed
in a mixer. The mixes were compacted with the help of tamping rod. The specimens were de-molded
after 24h, cured in water for 7 and 28 days and then tested for its compressive strength as per Indian
Standards. The compressive strength test on cubes in the CTM machine was conducted.
Compressive strength for M25 Grade Compressive strength at 7days

Compressive strength at 28days Accelerated curing test

ADVANTAGES:

• To reduce the demand of river sand.

• Cost effective.

• Saves land space required for disposal.

• Energy saving .

• Recycled content helps in gainaing LEED credits.

DISADVANTAGES:
• Lack of availability.

• Lack of awareness.

• High transportation cost.

• Reduces workability.
 CONCLUSION
From the results of 7days, 28days and Accelerated curing test it
can be concluded that the Bottom Ash can be used as a
replacement for fine aggregate. The results prove that the
replacement of fine aggregate by Bottom ash up to 40% and fly
ash up to 25% with cement can be replaced. Bottom Ash induced
higher compressive strength. Thus the environmental effects,
illegal extraction of sand and cost of fine aggregate can be
significantly reduced. By keeping in mind the acute shortage of
river sand, heavy short coming on quality of river sand, high cost,
greater impact on road damages and environmental effects. Thus
the construction industry shall start using the bottom-ash to some
extent as an alternative and reduce the impacts on environment
by not using river sand. The major drawback of bottom ash is its
production, because as the study says when the pure coal is burnt
 REFERENCES
• Abhishek Sachdeva, 2016, “studied the Effect of cement and fine aggregate replacement
with Alccofine and Bottom ash on mechanical properties of concrete”
• Aswathy P.U, 2015, “studied on the Behavior of Self Compacting Concrete by Partial
Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Coal Bottom Ash”
• Ahmad Farhan Hamzah, 2015, “studied on Fresh Characteristic and Mechanical
Compressive Strength Development of Self-Compacting Concrete Integrating Coal Bottom
Ash as Partial Fine Aggregates Replacement”
• Gagandeep ,Kshipra Gupta, 2017, “Bottom ash as partial sand replacement in concrete”
International Journal of Latest Research In Engineering and Computing (IJLREC) Volume 5,
Issue 2 , Page No. 13-16 March-April 2017.
• IS 10262-1982 Recommended Guidelines for concrete mix design, BIS, New Delhi.
• IS 10262-2009 Concrete mix proportioning- Guidelines, BIS, New Delhi.
• M.Brindha, 2016, “studied the Durability of Cement Mortar Replaced by Bottom Ash and
Green Sand as a Fine Aggregate”
• M.P.Kadam, 2013, “Effect of coal bottom ash as sand replacement on the properties of
concrete with different water cement ratio”
• M.S.Shetty. Concrete Technology, theory and practice. S.Chand & co
Publishing Company, New Delhi (2013).
• P. Ranapratap, 2016, “studied on the effect of replacing fine aggregate with
bottom ash in M 40 grade of concrete with OPC- 53s cement”
• Pradeep G, 2016, “reviewed the bottom ash as a partial replacement of fine
aggregate inaddition with ppf”
• Pradeep et al. 2016, “Brief review on bottom ash as a partial replacement of
fine aggregate in addition with ppf” (IJRST) 2016, Vol. No. 6, Issue No. IV, Oct-
Dec
• Sakshi Gupta, 2016, “Use of bottom ash as fine aggregate in concrete” Vol-2
Issue-6 2016
• Satish Sharma, 2012, “study of usage of bottom ash as part replacement of
sand for making concrete blocks”
• T.Subramani, 2015, “Experimental Investigation Of Partial Replacement Of
Cement With Fly Ash And Sand With Bottom Ash And Glass Used In Concrete”
THANK YOU…