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Flow rate, m3/h 20000
Conc, mg/m3
Conc, mg/m3 750 m3/h
p , kg/m 3
3150
, kg/(m∙s) 1,98E‐05 Gravity settling chamber:
http://civilengineer.webinfolist.com/material/cement/properties.htm
vm, m/s 1 http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air‐absolute‐kinematic‐viscosity‐d_601.html
F(Di) = Weight Problem statement.
fraction of particles
Particle size (Di), having a size less Collecting cement dust from process
m than or equal to Di air in a settling chamber: Calculation and
2,5 0,054
3,1
31 0,069
0 069 applicability evaluation
applicability evaluation
4,2 0,093
5,2 0,112
7,8 0,173
10,5 0,223
20,9 0,568
31,4 0,749
41,8 0,895
52,3 0,962
,
62,6 ,
1,000
PROBLEM SOLUTION
1) Calculate an approximate value for PM10 in this gas stream. Calculate PM2.5.
F(Di) = Weight
fraction of particles
having a size less More exact PM10, by interpolation
Particle size, m than or equal to Di PM10 (%) by IntInterpolating from the lower interval: 21,4%
From table: PM10 is a bit lower than 22,3% ‐‐‐‐> 10,5 0,223 PM10 (%) by extExtrapolating from the upper interval:
( ) 20,6%
i.e., a bit under 750 mg/m3*0.223 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐> 167,25 mg/m3 Mean PM10 (%) 21,0%
PM2,5 would be exactly 0.054*750 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐> 40,5 mg/m3 PM10 g/m3 158
2) Calculate the particle size distribution by size intervals, assigning mean diameter and weight percentage to each interval.
F(Di) = Weight
fraction of particles
fraction of particles
Mida de having a size less Mean interval Weight
partícula, m than or equal to Di Nom Interval Size interval (m) size (m) fraction
Afegim 0 0 1 0‐2.5 1,25 0,054
2,5 0,054 2 2.5‐3.1 2,8 0,015
3,1 0,069 3 3.1‐4.2 3,65 0,024
4,2 0,093 4 4.2‐5.2 4,7 0,019
5,2 0,112 5 5.2‐7.8 6,5 0,061
7,8 0,173 6 7.8‐10.5 9,15 0,050
10,5 0,223 7 10.5‐20.9
10.5 20.9 15,7 0,345
20,9 0,568 8 20.9‐31.4 26,15 0,181
31,4 0,749 9 31.4‐41.8 36,6 0,146
41,8 0,895 10 41.8‐52.3 47,05 0,067
52,3 0,962 11 52.3‐62.6 57,45 0,038
62 6
62,6 1 000
1,000 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
3) Calculate the average particle diameter
x
8 20,9‐31,4 26,15 0,181 4,7332
9 31
31,4‐41,8
4 41 8 36
36,66 0
0,146
146 5
5,3436
3436 i
10 41,8‐52,3 47,05 0,067 3,1524 i
11 52,3‐62,6 57,45 0,038 2,1831
12 ‐ ‐
(Mean size, m)= 22,0
,
In a gravity settling chamber having L/W=W/H=2:
4) Calculate the chamber section (m2) for a horizontal velocity of 1 m/s.
Q= 20000 m3/h
Q= 5,556 m3/s
vm ‐‐> Mean horizontal velocity
vm =Q/A
A= Q/vm = 5.556 m3/s /(1 m/s) =......................>
Q/ / /( /) 5,556
, m2
6) Calculate plug‐flow collection efficiency for each size interval. Detect if some result is clearly nonsense.
11 52,3‐62,6 57,45 0,038 1,14E+00 6,81E‐01 2,59E‐02
12 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ x i
Average vm = 1,85E‐01 i
Average vm = 18,5%
Particle concentration at settling chamber exit (C2)
Particle concentration at settling chamber exit (C2)
C2=C1*(1‐m)
C2 = 750 mg/m3*(1‐0,185) = 611 mg/m3
Is overall collection efficiency satisfactory? Why
No. Reasons:
Emissions limits for particles are in 75/50 mg/m3 in combustive/non combustive sources
PM10 would have collections efficiency of less than 2%
Only particles above 41,8 mm have removal efficiencies greater than 50%
8) Plot collection efficiency (vm) versus diameter (D). Calculate the cut diameter (Dc) for the settling chamber.
Evaluate this result from an environmental point of view
Evaluate this result from an environmental point of view
Mida mitjana
interval (m) (VM) (vm)
1,25 5,41E‐04 0,80
2,8 2,71E‐03 0,70
3,65 4,60E‐03 0,60
4,7 7,62E‐03
0,50
6,5 1,45E‐02
9,15 2,86E‐02 0,40
h (VM)
15,7 8,18E‐02
8,18E 02 0,30
26,15 2,11E‐01 0,20
36,6 3,71E‐01 0,10
47,05 5,35E‐01 0,00
57,45 6,81E‐01 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
‐ No diameter allows >70% removal 9 H vm
D c ( PF )
‐ Most fractions below 50% removal Cut diameter (pf and vm) Lg p
‐ Cut diameter (visually): 45 m Dc (pf) = 38,0 m
‐ More harmful particles (PM10, PM2.5...) will not be removed Dc (vm) = 44,7 m
ln 2 *18 H vm
Dc (VM)
Lg p
9) Keeping the same chamber section, how long should the chamber be for 99% removal of 10‐m particles? Is this a reasonable length? Why?
L g D2 p
Fo D=10 m... vm 1 exp
g, m/s2
D, m
9,81
1,00E‐05
18 H v m
p , kg/m3
k / 3 3150 L g D 2 p
, kg/(m∙s) 1,98E‐05 exp 1 vm
18 H v m
H, m 1,67
vm, m/s 1,00
0,99
18 Hv
L m
ln( 1 )
gD 2
L, m 887 vm
p
A length of 887 m is NOT reasonable.
(
(space, cost)
t) Assuming PF, L=
A i PF L 191 m
‐‐>Unreasonable, too.
With this exercise we have introduced/applied important concepts and calculations in particle removal
g y g y pp y p
However, gravity settling chambers have very limited application, since they don't collect particles below 50‐100 m satisfactorily
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