“ EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING DOUBLE

BLENDING OF FLY ASH AND MICRO SILICA”
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF :

PERSINRNI BALAKRISHNA M-TECH SUBMITED BY:
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR FIROJ RAFIK MUJAWAR
179H1D8718
CONTENT:

 WHAT IS THE PROJECT ABOUT ?

 MATERIAL USED FOR PROJECT
 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
 TESTS AND RESULTS
 CONCLUSION
WHAT IS THE PROJECT ABOUT

 production of cement emits a very large amount of greenhouse gases and possess a very
potential threat to the atmosphere. Thus it is inevitable for the sustainable development of
human life that the dependency on cement to obtain strength in concrete should be lowered.
 Also the modern constructions require very high strength in concrete which is only possible
by mixing a suitable quantity of admixtures in the concrete.
 By using supplementary cementations materials (SCMs) like fly ash (FA), silica fume, we
can reduce the cement content and construction costs
MATERIALS USED:

 CEMENT
 FINE AGGREGATE
 COARSE AGGREGATE
 SILICA FUME
 FLY ASH
 WATER
CEMENT:

 Ordinary Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the
world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar.
 The Cement used in this project is Ordinary Portland Cement of 53 Grade confirming to IS
12269 – 2013.
 The characteristics of concrete will be greatly affected by changing the Cement content.
 Values observed: Specific gravity-3.15,Normal consistency-30%,Initial setting time-
38min,Final setting time-480min,Soundness- 6.6mm.
FINE AGGREGATE:

 Grading is a very important property of aggregate used for making concrete, in view of its
packing of particles, resulting in the reduction of voids. This in turn influences the water
demand and cement content of concrete.
 Grading is described in terms of the cumulative percentages of weights passing a particular
IS sieve. IS 383-1970 specifies four ranges or zones for fine aggregate grading.
 Fine aggregate is the essential ingredient in concrete that consists of natural sand or
crushed stone.
 Values observed: Fineness Modulus=2.75,Specific Gravity =2.71
COARSE AGGREGATE:

 The aggregate which is retained over IS Sieve 4.75 mm is termed as coarse

aggregate.
 The normal maximum size is gradually 10-20 mm; however particle sizes up to 40
mm or more have been used in Self Compacting Concrete.
 Locally available coarse aggregate having the maximum size of 20 mm and
minimum size of 12.5 mm was used in this work.
 Values observed=Fineness Modulus=8.15, Specific Gravity=2.69.
MICRO SILICA:

 An experimental investigation is carried out to study the behaviour of concrete by

replacing cement content with micro silica . It involves a certain test to find the
quality improvement of concrete when micro silica is added to it.
 Silica fume, also referred as micro silica or condensed silica flume, is another
material that is used as artificial mineral admixtures.
 The usage of super plasticizer with silica fume has been the backbone of modern
high performance concrete.
FLY ASH:

 Fly slag is a fine powder and tends to go far noticeable all around.
 Fly Ash is environmentally pleasant because the waste substances from industries
are efficaciously being used to create satisfactory building materials.
 Fly Ash has very small particles which makes the concrete fairly dense and
reduces the permeability of concrete. It can upload more strength to the
constructing.
 Values observed=Specific gravity -1.75
PARTICULARS IN MIX DESIGN:

 Grade designation : M40

 Type of cement : OPC 53 grade
 Mineral admixture : silica fume, fly-ash.
 Maximum nominal size aggregate : 20 mm
 Maximum water content : 0.40
 Workability : 100mm (slump)
 Exposure condition : Extreme (reinforced concrete)
 Degree of supervision : Good
 Type of aggregate : Crushed angular aggregate 
 Minimum cement content : 360 kg/m3
CONCRETE TESTS AND RESULTS:

SLUMP CONE TEST:

 The strength of concrete of a given mix proportion is seriously affected by the
degree of its compaction.
 It is therefore important that the consistency of the mix is such that the concrete
can be transported, placed and finished sufficiently easily and without
segregation.
 A concrete satisfying these conditions is said to be workable.
 Workability is a physical property of the concrete depending on the external and
internal friction of the concrete matrix.
SLUMP CONE TEST:

Fig-Workability
 MIX PROPORTIONS Slump values

M-40 74

M40+2.5 % fly ash + 5% silica fume 69

M40+5 % fly ash + 10% silica fume 68

M40+7.5 % fly ash + 15% silica fume 70

M40+10 % fly ash + 20% silica fume 71

M40+12.5 % fly ash + 25% silica fume 69

Table.Workability Results
 WORKABILITY IN MM
75 74
74
73
72
71 71
70 70
69
69 69
68
67 68
66
65

M-40 M ash
40+2.5
+ 5%%silica
fly M40+5 % fly ash M40+7.5% fly M40+10 % fly M40+12.5 % fly
+ 10 % silica ash + 15% silica ash + 20% silica ash + 25 % silica
fume
fume fume fume fume
WORKABILITY IN MM
COMPACTION FACTOR TEST:

 Scope and Significance Compaction factor test is adopted to determine the

workability of concrete, where nominal size of aggregate does not exceed 40mm,
and is primarily used in laboratory.
 It is based upon the definition, that workability is that property of the concrete
which determines the amount of work required to produce full compaction.
 The test consists essentially of applying a standard amount of work to standard
quantity of concrete and measuring the resulting compaction.
 To find the workability of freshly prepared concrete, the test is carried out as per
specification of IS: 1199-1959.
COMPACTION FACTOR TEST:

Fig-Compaction Factor
 MIX PROPORTIONS COMPACTION
FACTOR
M-40 0.76

M40+2.5 % fly ash + 5% silica fume 0.81

M40+5 % fly ash + 10% silica fume 0.79

M40+7.5 % fly ash + 15% silica fume 0.81

M40+10 % fly ash + 20% silica fume 0.80

M40+12.5 % fly ash + 25% silica fume 0.78

Table- Compaction Factor Results

COMPACTION FACTOR TEST:

COMPACTION FACTOR
0.81 0.81
0.82
0.81
0.8 0.8
0.79 0.79
0.78
0.78

0.77 0.76
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.73

M-40 M 40+2.5 % fly M40+5 % fly ash M40+7.5% fly M40+10 % fly M40+12.5 % fly
ash + 5% silica + 10 % silica ash + 15% silica ash + 20% silica ash + 25 % silica
fume fume fume fum fume
e
COMPACTION FACTOR
COMPRESSION TEST ON CONCRETE CUBES:

 The determination of the compressive strength of concrete is very important

because the compressive strength is the criterion of its quality.
 Other strength is generally prescribed in terms of compressive strength. The
strength is expressed in N/mm2.
 The concrete specimens are generally tested at ages 14 days and 28 days.
COMPRESSION TEST ON CONCRETE CUBES:

Fig-CTM
 MIX 3 DAYS 7 DAYS 28 DAYS
NO. AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
COMPRESSIVE COMPRESSIVE COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH STRENGTH STRENGTH
1. 16.25 26.35 40.48

2. 16.85 26.98 41.71

3. 17.02 27.45 42.03

4. 18.36 29.65 43.69

5 17.01 26.32 41.04

6 16.2 26.12 39.43

Table-Compressive Strength Results for 3, 7 and 28 days

SPLIT TENSILE STREGTH TEST:

 It is the standard test, to determine the tensile strength of concrete in an indirect

way.
 This test could be performed in accordance with IS : 5816-1970.
Fig-CTM
MIX 3 DAYS 7 DAYS AVERAGE 28 DAYS
NO. AVERAGE SPLIT SPLIT TENSILE AVERAGE SPLIT
STRENGTH
TENSILE TENSILE
STRENGTH STRENGTH
1. 1.81 2.30 2.86

2. 1.84 2.33 2.90

3. 1.85 2.35 2.91

4. 1.92 2.45 2.97

5 1.85 2.30 2.88

6 1.81 2.29 2.82

Results Table:

3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

M-40 M40 +2. 5% fly M40 + 5 % fly M40 + 7.5% fly M40 + 10% fly M40 + 12.5% fly
ash + 5% silica ash + 10 % silica ash + 12.5% ash + 20 % silica ash + 25% silica
fume fume silica fume fume fume

3 days average split tensile strength n/mm2

7 days average split tensile strength n/mm2
28 days average split tensile strength n/mm2
FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE:

 The flexural strength would be the same as the tensile strength if the material were
homogeneous.
 In fact, most materials have small or large defects in them which act to
concentrate the stresses locally, effectively causing a localized weakness.
 When a material is bent only the extreme fibres are at the largest stress so, if those
fibres are free from defects, the flexural strength will be controlled by the strength
of those intact 'fibres'
Fig-FLEXURAL TEST SET-UP
MIX 3 DAYS 7 DAYS 28 DAYS
NO. AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
FLEXURAL FLEXURAL FLEXURAL
STRENGTH STRENGTH STRENGTH
1. 2.82 3.53 4.45

2. 2.87 3.63 4.5

3. 2.88 3.66 4.53

4. 2.99 3.81 4.62

5 2.88 3.59 4.48

6 2.81 3.57 4.39

Table-Flexural Strength Results for 3, 7 and 28 days

 5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

M-40 M40 + 2.5% fly M40 + 5 % fly M40 + 7.5% fly M40 + 10% fly M40 + 12.5% fly
ash + 5% silica ash + 10 % silica ash + 12.5% ash + 20 % silica ash + 25% silica
fume fume silica fume fume fume

3 days average flexural strength n/mm2 7 days average flexural strength n/mm2
28 days average flexural strength n/mm2
CONCLUSION:
 We gain the highest compressive strength at the percentage of different
admixtures added in M-35 grade concrete ( M40+7.5 % fly ash + 15% silica
fume) – 43.69 N/mm2. 
 We gain the highest split tensile strength at the percentage of different admixtures
added in M- 35 grade concrete ( M40+7.5 % fly ash + 15% silica fume) – 2.97
N/mm2. 
 We gain the highest flexural strength at the percentage of different admixtures
added in M-35 grade concrete ( M40+7.5 % fly ash + 15% silica fume) – 4.62
N/mm2.