Seminar

(CL1205)
on

Carbon Dioxide Absorbing Concrete

Guided by: Civil Engineering Department Presented by:

Institute of Technology Tushar D. Savaliya
Prof. Sonal Thakkar
Nirma University (17mclc18)
Ahmedabad
April-2018
 ❏ Flow of presentation
▪ Introduction
▪ Need of the Study
▪ Objectives of the Study
▪ Scope of the Work
▪ Literature Review
▪ Experimental Work
▪ Future Line of Action
▪ References
 ❑ Introduction
● Global warming is one of the most important environmental issues due to
rapidly increasing pollution due to more usage of fuel like coal, petroleum, and
natural gas.
● Greenhouse gases including CO2, CH4, CO, NOx, SOx, CFC, etc.

● In India annual CO2 emission was 1.74 X 109 MT (5.78%) in 2008.

● Large source of man-made CO2 are Thermal power plants, transportation

facilities, Industries like cement, steel, Chemicals and oil refineries.
 ❏ Need of the study
● In the construction industry cement production responsible for approximately
6% of man-made CO2 emissions.

● About half of the CO2 from cement production is from fuel use and the other

half is from calcinations of CaCO3 to CaO and CO2.

○ CaCO3 CaO + CO2

● Due to growing concerns for global warming, reducing the consumption of

cement and improving properties of concrete composites with storage some
capacity of CO2 become important.
 ➢ Zeolite
● Zeolite are microporous, aluminosilicate minerals commonly
used as commercial adsorbents and separator.
● The mineral formula of a Zeolite is M.Al2O3.xSiO2.yH2O.
○ where, ‘M’ for metal cation, ‘x’ for number of silicon
dioxide molecules, ‘y’ for number of water molecules. Fig. – 1 : Zeolite
powder
● Zeolite have a porous structure that can accommodate a
wide variety of cations, such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and
others.
● Zeolite produced naturally and also produced by industrially Source: Kunjan Silicate
Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad.
on a large scale.
● As of September 2016, 232 unique zeolite
frameworks have been identified, and over 40
naturally occurring zeolite frameworks are known.
● Zeolite are widely used as,
○ ion-exchange beds in water purification and
softening.
○ specific separation of gases, including the Fig. – 2 : Zeolite micro
Structure
removal of CO2, SO2, H2O, N2, O2,etc.
○ In Chemical industries like, Detergent.

Source: https:// www.zeolitechemistry.com

Detail of zeolite :

Company Name : Kunjan Silicate Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad.

Address : Kunjan silicate, opp ratnam apartment, Dhaval gandhi rd, Vasna,
Ahmedabad,Gujarat - 380007.
Grade of zeolite: 4A
Cost : 45 Rs. per kg
Usage : In Detergent industries

Source: Kunjan Silicate Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad.

 Table -1 : Chemical proportion of zeolite

Constituents Weight
SiO2 33-35 %
Al2O3 28-30 %
Na2O 15-17 %
PH 10.5 (max)
(1% solution, 25oC)
Calcium exchanging ability 315 % (min)
(MgCaCO3/g)
Whiteness (%) 97 % (min)
Specific gravity 2.34

Source: http://www.kunjansilicate.com
 ❏ Objectives of the study

● To measure carbonation depth for control concrete and the concrete

specimens with 10% and 20% replacements of cement by zeolite powder
through accelerated carbonation test.
● To compare the behaviour of control concrete and Zeolite concrete in terms of
mechanical properties such as compressive strength before and after
carbonation.
● To measure the change in percentage of co2 absorption in both concrete by
change in weight.
 ❏ Scope of the work
● Prepare mix design of M30 grade of control concrete.
● Prepare zeolite concrete by replacing cement with zeolite powder by weight of
10% and 20%.
● Cast cylinder of 100mm dia. and 200mm height for control concrete and
zeolite concrete.
● Measure carbonation depth of specimen after accelerated carbonation test.
● Compare the compressive strength of control concrete and zeolite concrete
before and after carbonation.
● Measure and compare percentage absorption of co2 by both concrete.
 Scope of work

Control Concrete Zeolite concrete

9 10% replacement 20% replacement

cylinders

9 9
cylinders cylinders

Compressive Strength

Accelerated carbonation test

Percentage absorption of CO2

Literature Review
1. Environmental assessment of green concrete containing natural
zeolite on the global warming index in marine environments

●Journal Name: Journal of Cleaner production

●Authors: Mahdi Valipour, Mina Yekkalar, Mohammad Shekarchi, Somayeh Panahi

● In this paper, environmental impact of concrete containing zeolite and

conventional one on the global warming potential are assessed by replacing
10%, 20% and 30% of cement with zeolite through Life-cycle assessment tool .
● The cubes of 150mm X 150mm X 150mm and prisms of 150mm X 150mm X
600mm in dimension were cast for compressive strength and chloride diffusion
respectively.
Fig. 3 - Compressive Strength of Concretes Containing Zeolite at Different Ages.
Fig. 4 - The Comparison of Environmental Assessment in Global Warming Potential in LCA
➔ Conclusion:

● The partial replacement of cement by 10% and 20% natural zeolite led to a
higher compressive strength at 28 days, while 30% zeolite replacement
decreased the compressive strength compared to conventional concrete.
● The 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of zeolite in mixes amounted to
60.3%, 69.7%, and 64.3% global warming index reductions, respectively.
● There was no clear indication that using a higher percentage of zeolite
replacement above this optimum level would lead to any further reduction in
the global warming index.
2. Micro and macro level properties of natural zeolite
contained concretes

●Journal Name: Construction and Building Materials

●Authors: Ali Akbar Ramezanianpour, Rahimeh Mousavi, Moosa Kalhori, Jafar

Sobhani b, Meysam Najimi

● In this paper, effects of natural zeolite, as a supplementary cementitious

material, on micro and macro properties of pastes and concretes having
different water-to-cementitious materials ratios and also Paper included
evaluation of strength, transport properties, and microscopic images.
● Prepared concrete mixtures (A, B, C and D) were designed with total binder
(cement + natural zeolite) content of 350 kg/m3 and water-to-cementitious
materials ratios of 0.35, 0.40, 0.45 and 0.50. Natural zeolite contained
concretes were designed by replacing 10% and 15% by weight of Portland
cement with natural zeolite.
● Prepared cylinder specimens of size 150mm X 300mm and measure
compressive strength at the ages of 28 and 90 days.
● Conduct accelerated carbonation test on concrete specimen after 7 days curing
and measure carbonation depth at the ages of 28, 90 and 270 days.
Fig. 5: Micro-structure of the Cement paste without zeolite (magnification view number: 2500).
Zone A: calcium hydroxide crystals
Fig-6: SEM micrograph of transition zone
Zone E: CH crystals in cement paste
Zone G & F : CH crystal in zeolite containing cement paste
Fig.7: Micro-structure of natural zeolite contained pastes.
Zone B: No detectable CH crystals
Zone C & D: C–S–H cluster
 Table - 2: Results of Compressive strength

Compressive strength (Mpa)

Natural Zeolite
Mixture w/c
Replacement
ID ratio
level(Z%) 28 days 90 days

A0 0 62.9 67.0

A10 0.35 10 70.2 70.3

A15 15 68.1 69.0

B0 0 57.2 59.7

B10 0.4 10 62.3 66.2

B15 15 57.0 63.4

C0 0 43.2 49.8

C10 0.45 10 45.2 49.6

C15 15 47.2 51.3

D0 0 39.3 45.0

D10 0.5 10 44.5 49.0

D15 15 42.9 4.0

 Table - 3 : Results of Carbonation depth

Carbonation Depth (cm)

Natural Zeolite
Mixture w/c
Replacement
ID ratio
level(Z%)
28 days 90 days 270 days

A0 0.35 0 1.5 1.2 0.1

A10 10 2.5 3.2 0.3

A15 15 2.5 3.7 1.4

B0 0.4 0 2.1 1.4 0.3

B10 10 5.2 3.9 1.6

B15 15 6.0 4.2 2.9

C0 0.45 0 3.0 3.1 0.9

C10 10 6.9 5.1 2.8

C15 15 8.3 5.2 3.0

D0 0.5 0 3.3 3.3 1.0

D10 10 7.1 5.4 3.9

D15 15 8.8 6.0 5.1

➔ Conclusion:

● The compressive strength of mixtures with 10% and 15% natural zeolite and w/c
of 0.50 was better than that of reference concrete with w/cm of 0.35, indicating
that use of 10%–15% of natural zeolite was more effective.
● Use of natural zeolite led to considerable reductions in water permeability and
capillary absorption for all the selected water-to-cementitious materials ratios.
● The depth of carbonation increased by use of natural zeolite.
● Study on the SEM images showed significant reduction in porosity of the studied
pastes through use of natural zeolite.
● The calcium hydroxide content considerably reduced by use of natural zeolite as
a supplementary cementing material which resulted in production of secondary
3. Engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as
supplementary cementitious material: Strength, toughness,
durability, and hygrothermal performance
●Journal Name: Cement & Concrete Composites

●Authors: Eva Vejmelkova, Dana Konakov, Tereza Kulovana , Martin Keppert,

Jaromir Zumar, and 4 others.

●In this paper cement replacement with zeolite by 0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% and
check the compressive strength, bending strength, durability properties of concrete.

●The compressive strength – 3 specimens 150mm X 150mm X 150mm, bending

strength – 9 specimens 100mm X 100mm X 400mm, was casted with different
types of mix.
 Table-4 : Results of Compressive strength

Compressive Strength (MPa)

Material
28 days 90 days 360 days

CZ0 38.4 46.3 57.0

CZ10 47.8 58.8 61.2

CZ20 44.7 58.5 60.4

CZ40 32.4 39.7 46.2

CZ60 26.0 30.2 35.8

chart-2 : Compressive strength results
➔ Conclusion:

● Up to 20% replacement of Portland cement by natural zeolite was an effective

solution, as for the incorporation of zeolite into the hydration process.

● The compressive strength after 28 days decreased with the increasing zeolite
content in the mix but their values for concretes with up to 20% natural zeolite
in the blended binder could still be considered as acceptable.

● Within the time period of 28–360 days the compressive strength of mixes
containing zeolite increased faster than the reference mix, as a result of the
pozzolanic activity of zeolite.
❏ Experimental Work
Table - 5 : Mix Design of M30 Grade of concrete (IS 10262:2009)

Quantity

Material Unit Control Zeolite Zeolite

Concrete Concrete Concrete
(10%) (20%)
Cement kg/m3 384 345.6 307.2

Zeolite kg/m3 0 38.4 76.8

Sand kg/m3 695.4 695.4 695.4

Aggregate

10 mm kg/m3 735.2 735.2 735.2

20 mm kg/m3 465 465 465

Water lit/m3 192 192 192

Fig- 8 Photos of concrete specimens
❏ Future line of action Casting of specimens

Compressive Strength before carbonation

Accelerated carbonation test

Measure carbonation depth

Compressive Strength after carbonation

Measure Percentage of CO2 absorption

 ❏ References
● “Environmental assessment of green concrete containing natural
zeolite on the global warming index in marine environments” : Mahdi Valipour, Mina
Yekkalar, Mohammad Shekarchi, Somayeh Panahi, Journal of Cleaner production,
65(2014) 418-423.

● “Micro and macro level properties of natural zeolite contained concretes” : Ali Akbar
Ramezanianpour, Rahimeh Mousavi, Moosa Kalhori, Jafar Sobhani b, Meysam Najimi,
Construction and Building Materials, 101(2015) 347-358.

● “Engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as supplementary

cementitious material: Strength, toughness, durability, and hygrothermal performance” :
Eva Vejmelkova, Dana Konakov, Tereza Kulovana, Martin Keppert, Cement & Concrete
Composites, 55(2015) 259-267.
Thank You