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EFFECT OF CORN STARCH ON CINDER-JUTE CONCRETE

Experiment Findings · May 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22803.17445

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 EFFECT OF CORN STARCH ON CINDER-JUTE CONCRETE

MOHAMMED TABREZ AHMED1, BHARGAVI Y N1, ABDULLAH1, POOJA R1

ANAND KUMAR G2

ABSTRACT:
Admixtures are used to alter the properties of concrete. Admixtures are substances
introduced into a batch of concrete during or immediately before its mixing. There
are numerous benefits available through the use of admixtures such as improved
quality, colouring, greater concrete strength, increased flow for the same water-
cement ratio, enhanced frost and sulphate resistance, improved fire resistance,
cracking control, acceleration or retardation in setting time, lower density and
improved workability. The specific effects of an admixture generally vary with the
type of cement, mix proportion and dosage. Starch can be used in concrete as an
admixture, densifier and pozzolana. In this particular study corn starch is used in
light weight cinder concrete reinforced with raw jute fibres. The workability of
concrete is tested using slump test. The starch is added for testing with percentages
0.5, 1 & 1.5 by the weight of cement in cinder-jute concrete. The workability of
cinder-jute concrete decreased with the addition of corn starch. The addition of corn
starch decreased the density of cinder-jute concrete. Compressive strength of cinder-
jute concrete decreased with the addition of corn starch, it is minimum with the
addition of 1% of corn starch and maximum with 0.5%. Therefore, Corn starch
cannot replace the use of chemical admixtures because the results are decreasing
with its use in cinder-jute concrete.
Keywords: concrete admixture, corn starch, cinder-jute concrete, light weight
concrete, jute fibres

I. INTRODUCTION:
History of admixture is as old as history of concrete. it embraces a very vast field, but
a few types of admixtures called water reducers or high range water reducers generally referred
to as plasticizers and superplasticizers, are of recent interest. These were specially engineered
in japan and Germany around 1970s and later on made popular in USA, Europe, Middle and
far East countries. In India the use of admixtures started around 1985. Admixtures are
incorporated into concrete in today’s world in order to achieve variety of goals. This in effect
improves the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The effect of these admixtures on
properties of concrete depends for example on a lot of factors such as functional groups,
chemical configuration and molecular weight (Ouyang et al., 2009).

1. 8 sem, civil department, Impact college of engineering and applied sciences

2. assistant professor, civil department, Impact college of engineering and applied sciences
 Continuous changes in the requirements for high strength and durable concrete
structures interwoven with economic considerations necessitate intense search for materials
and products. In recent times research efforts have been focused on recycled materials.
Renewed efforts are also being concentrated on research into varieties of admixtures since for
obvious reasons they enhance properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Major admixtures
used for cementitious based systems are oil based and are non-renewable materials with
potential for pollution such as formaldehyde (Zhang et al., 2008). With the development of
green concrete in recent times there is the need for development of bio-based admixtures that
may perform as equally well as oil-based polymers used as admixtures, hence the use of starch.
Xing et al. (2006) and Crepy et al. (2011) noted that starch is one of the most abundant polymer
resources in the world and have comparable performance of starch and starch derivatives in
their dispersing ability with petrochemical polymers. Starches and its derivatives are known to
exhibit viscosity modifying characteristics. A major advantage of starch is that it is a renewable
material that has varieties of industrial applications because it is inexpensive and
environmentally friendly. Starch derivative is an anionic material that has been used as film-
forming agent for coating seeds, super absorbents, as adhesive in the paper industry and drug
carrier. The use of starch and starch derivatives as viscosity modifying admixture in
cementitious systems have been reported in recent times. However, the behaviour of the
polymers in cementations systems may vary depending on a lot of parameters. This project is
experimental work to find out the effect of corn starch on jute fibre reinforced light weight
concrete using cinders as light weight aggregate.

II. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS:

1. MATERIALS USED:
Starches can be used as pozzolana, densifiers, setting time retarders etc., Corn starch is
locally available and hence it was obtained. It had the specific gravity of 1.465.
Portland Cement of brand name RAMCO cement of grade 53 was used with Sp. gravity 3.15.
In this project polymer-based admixture named “CONPLAST” is used whose Specific gravity
was given as 1.07 in its specification. Jute fibres of 0.5mm Optimum length was cut and used.
Specific Gravity was 1.48.
Table 1 - properties of gravel, cinders, sand, jute and corn starch.

PROPERTY GRAVEL CINDERS SAND

Golden
Colour Whitish Grey Black
yellow
Angular with sharp
Shape of gravel Angular
edges
Nominal size 20mm 20mm zone 3
specific gravity 2.635 2.07 2.59
Water absorption 1.2% 3.97%
 2. Concrete mixes
Normal concrete and modified with cinder, jute and corn starch contents are listed in table 2.
Table 2 - the mix proportions calculated

Mix Name given RATIO

Normal Mix N 1: 1.29: 2.9
25% cinder replaced C 1:1.29:2.18:0.57
Cinder replaced and with 1% jute CJ 1:1.28:2.17:0.57
0.5% CJC1 1:1.28:2.17:0.56
cinder, jute and corn
starch 1% CJC2 1:1.28:2.16:0.56
1.5% CJC3 1:1.27:2.16:0.56
With cinder, jute and
chemical 1% CJC4 1:1.27:2.16:0.56

III. TESTS PERFORMED:

1. SLUMP TEST:
This test was performed according to IS 1199 – 1959, to find the workability of concrete mix
for water cement ratio 0.45
Table 3 - slump test values
w/c ratio
N C CJ CJC1/2/3 CJC4
0.45
1 38 22 8 0 18
2 42 27 12 0 23
3 41 24 9 0 17
Average 40 25 10 0 20
 SLUMP VALUES
45
40
slump in mm 35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
N C CJ CJC1/2/3 CJC4
Type of concrete mix

trail 1 trail 2 trail 3 Average

Graph 1 - Comparison of Slump Results

2. COMPRESSION STRENGTH TEST:
The test is conducted based on IS standard as per IS 516:1959. Specimen of size
150*150*150mm have been set up for testing the compressive quality of cement.
Table 4 - weights of cubes used for compression strength test

Cubes N C CJ CJC1 CJC2 CJC3 CJC4

1 7970 8150 7910 7750 7840 7760 7880
2 7920 7950 8130 7840 7760 7520 8140
3 8180 7980 8040 7820 7810 7680 7960
Average 8023 8026 8026 7803 7803 7653 7993

WEIGHT OF CUBES
8400
8200
weight in grams

8000
7800
7600
7400
7200
7000
N C CJ CJC1 CJC2 CJC3 CJC4
Type of concrete mix

cube 1 cube 2 cube 3 Average

Graph 2 comparison of weights of cubes used for compression strength test

 Table 5 - Compressive strength of cubes

Cubes N C CJ CJC1 CJC2 CJC3 CJC4

1 41.54 43.11 36.44 47.55 43.55 40.44 34

2 40.33 40 60 30.66 32 36.44 37.77
3 42.8 40.44 42.22 41.33 37.77 40 42.8
Average 41.55 41.18 46.22 39.84 37.77 38.96 38.19

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
70
compressive strength in N/mm2

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
N C CJ CJC1 CJC2 CJC3 CJC4
Type of concrete mix

cube 1 cube 2 cube 3 Average

Graph 3 comparison of compression strength of cubes

3. SPLIT TENSILE TEST:
The test is conducted based on IS standard as per IS 516:1959. Specimen of size 150
mm diameter and 300mm height have been set up for testing the compressive quality of cement.
Table 6 - weights of cylinders used for splitting tensile strength test

cylinder N C CJ CJC1 CJC2 CJC3 CJC4

1 1225.0 1247.0 1243.0 1212.0 1232.0 1223.0 1207.0
2 1214.0 1256.0 1220.0 1218.0 1232.0 1217.0 1239.0
3 1228.0 1235.0 1211.0 1216.0 1230.0 1219.0 1290.0
Average 1222.3 1246 1224.6 1225.3 1231.0 1219.6 1245.3
 WEIGHT OF CYLINDERS
1260

weight in grams
1240

1220

1200

1180
N C CJ CJC1 CJC2 CJC3 CJC4
Type of concrete mix

cube 1 cube 2 cube 3 Average

Graph 4 comparison of weights of cylinders used for splitting tensile strength test
Table 7 - Splitting tensile strength of cylinders

cylinder N C CJ CJC1 CJC2 CJC3 CJC4

1 3.466 3.456 3.466 3.04 3.536 3.74 3.74
2 3.678 3.74 3.89 3.678 3.536 3.11 3.11
3 2.33 3.38 3.678 3.389 3.524 3.35 3.6
Average 3.158 3.52 3.678 3.359 3.536 3.425 3.48

SPLITTING TENSILE STRENGTH

5
tensile strength in N/mm2

0
N C CJ CJC1 CJC2 CJC3 CJC4
Type of concrete mix

cube 1 cube 2 cube 3 Average

Graph 5 comparison of splitting tensile strength of cylinders

IV. DISCUSSION:
For water cement ratio 0.45 true slump was achieved and even this decreased on the addition
of cinders due to its more porous surface and then with jute due to its more water absorption
and more due to addition of corn starch because corn starch acted a densifier. To increase the
slump and hence workability w/c ratio may be increased which on the other hand may
decrease the strength of the concrete or admixtures free from formaldehyde or other natural
admixtures may be used which does not effect the environment either before, in its life or
after demolition of the structure which is the primary aim of this investigation. The weight of
cubes decreases with the addition of corn starch to the concrete.The weight of the cylinders
decreases with the addition of corn starch in the cinder jute concrete.
The compressive strength of normal concrete meets the target strength of the concrete i.e.,
41.55 N/mm2 as the result does not lie below 5% of 43 N/mm2. The compressive strength
decreased a little on addition of cinders but increased drastically on the addition of jute to
cinders. When to this corn starch and chemical admixture was added the strength started
decreasing. The splitting tensile strength increases on the replacement of cinders and further
increases on the addition of jute as reinforcement to the cinder mixed concrete. Tensile strength
started decreasing on the addition of admixtures it was minimum at 0.5% corn starch and max
at 1% corn starch.

V. CONCLUSION:
1. For water cement ratio 0.45, true slump (40mm) was achieved and this decreased on the
addition of cinders due to its porous surface. When jute was added to cinder concrete slump
was reduced due to its more water absorption property and slump decreased more on the
addition of corn starch due to its densifying property.
2. The compressive strength of normal concrete (41.55 N/mm2) met the target strength of the
concrete calculated (43 N/mm2), the result is within 5% of target strength. The compressive
strength increased on the addition of jute to cinder concrete. When to this, corn starch or
chemical admixture was added the strength started decreasing.
3. The splitting tensile strength increased on the replacement of cinders and further increased
on the addition of jute. Tensile strength started decreasing on the addition of admixtures, it
was minimum at 0.5% corn starch and max at 1% corn starch and there was no considerable
increase in strength when chemical admixture was used.
4. There is an increase in strength when jute is added to cinder concrete, therefore, cinder-jute
concrete can be efficiently used in building construction.
5. There is decrease in strength and workability when corn starch is used in the cinder-jute
concrete but weight of concrete is reduced i.e., corn starch mixed concrete is lighter in
weight than the cinder-jute concrete due to its densifying action.
6. Cinder-jute concrete gives more strength than corn starch mixed concrete.
 REFERENCES:
1. Akindahunsi et al. in his research in 2015, titled “Strength and durability properties of
concrete with starch admixture”.
2. Suhad M Abd, Qasssim Y Hamood, Alaa S Khamees and Zainab H Ali, “Effect of Using
Corn Starch as Concrete Admixture”. IJERST, Volume 5 (2016) pp 35-44
3. GK Patel & SV Deo, “Parametric Study of Natural Organic Materials as Admixture in
Concrete”. IJAER volume 11 (2016) pp 6271-6277
4. E.Hanuman Sai Gupta, V.Giridhar Kumar, “Investigations on Properties of Light Weight
Cinder Aggregate Concrete”. IJERD volume 11 (July 2015) pp 50-59
5. Dastagir Y and Dadapeer A.B.S, “strength analysis of concrete by using cinder aggregate”
in volume 5, issue 12, dec 2016, IJIRSET.
6. Gopi Raval and Maulik kansagra, “effect of jute fibres on fibre-reinforced concrete” IJIER,
volume 4, issue 8 (2017) pp 7-12
7. T. Sai Vijaya Krishna and B. Manoj Yadav, “a comparative study of jute fibre reinforced
concrete with plain cement concrete”. IJRET volume 5, issue 9 (Sep 2016) pp 111-116
8. Pooja Warke and Shringala Dewangan, “evaluating the performance of jute fibre in
concrete”. IJTRD volume 3, (May-June 2016) pp 371-373
9. The project “development of jute fibre reinforced cement concrete composites”
JMDC/JTM/MM-IV/2008, by MIT and sponsored by national jute board, ministry of India.
10. Priyanka Goel, Mohd. Usman and Sandeep Panchal, “experimental study of jute fibre
reinforced concrete” ICETETSM-17 pp 593-598

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