PLANNING

TYPES OF PLANNING
• 1)Single use plan- Single use plans are one time
use plan . These are designed to achieve a
particular goal that once achieved will not occur
again in future. These are made to meet the need
of unique situations. These duration of single use
plan depends upon the activity or goal for which it
is made. It may last one day or it may last for
weeks or months if the project for which it is
made is long.
 FEATURES OF SINGLE USE PLAN
• 1) Single use plans are made only for once
• 2)Prepared to meet the demand of specific
situation .
• 3)These are discarded when the situation is
over .
• 4)Every time a new plan is prepared for new
situation ,e.g. , budget ,programme ,project .
 Standing Plans

Standing plans are also known as repeat use plans.

These plans focus on situations which occur
repeatedly . Standing plans are used once but
retain their value over a period of years .
Although revisions and updates are made in
these plans from time to time .
Features of standing plans
1)These are recurring plans used for an indefinite
period .
2)Standing plans are stable in nature .
3)These plans are act as guidelines for smooth functioning of th
Organisation ;e.g. Policy procedure ,rules ,methods,etc .
There are other types of plans which are usually not classified as
Single use or standing plans .These are strategy ,objectives, as
These plans are prepared by top management and serve as guid
For overall planning whereas single use and standing plans are
Part of operational planning process.
 Difference Between Single Use Plan
And Standing Plan
Single Use Plan Standing Plan
• 1)Single use plan is used • 1)Standing plan is used again
only once. and again.
• 2)Single use plan is • 2)Standing plan is made for
developed for one time activities that occur regularly
event such or course of over a period of time.
action is likely to repeat. • 3)It is usually developed once ,
but used over and over again
• 3)It is discarded when the with necessary modifications
project is over. from time to time .
• 4)Single use plans include- • 4)Standing plans includes
budget, programme, and policies , procedures ,methods
project. ,rules , etc.
 Types of Plans

Objectives Strategy
• Neither single use nor • Neither single use nor
standing plan. standing plan .
• Objectives should be • A strategy is a
SMART as comprehensive plan to
achieve the organisational
• S –Specific objectives .
• M –Measurable • Strategy formulation is the
• A –Achievable task of top level people .
• R—Relevant • All the strategy decisions
are greatly influenced by
• T—Time bound the business environment.
Objectives Strategy
• Determine what is to be done . Strategy is the blue print of the
• Is the end result of planning. business and provide
• All activities are guided outline of business .
towards objectives. Strategy is influence by
• Serve as guide for overall business environment .
business planning. It directs future decision
• Defines the future state of making and scope in long
affairs which the organisation run .
strives to realise.
Strategy usually take the
• They are usually set by top
level management.
course of forming the
organisations identity .
Policies(Standing Plan) and Procedures
(Standing plan)
Policies Procedures
• Policies are general response to a particular • Procedures are required steps establised in
problem by organisation .
• It is the organisations way of handling the problem.
advance to handle future conditions.
• Policies are made at every level because the • The sequence of steps to be followed by
managers at every level need to determine the way employees in different situations must be
of handling a situation and policy act as a guide to
take decisions in unexpected situations. predetermined so that everyone follows
• They are based on objectives, same steps.
• Guides managers to implement strategy.
• Policy is organisations customised way of handling • Generally meant for insiders only.
problems. • Are mostly in chronological order.
• Policies defines broad parameters within which a
manager may function. • Policies and procedures are interlinked
with each other. Procedures are steps to be
carried out within the broad policy
• .
framework.
Methods(Standing Plan) Rules(Standing Plan)
• Methods can be defined as formalised • Rules are special actions or non –actions of
or systematic way of doing routine or the employees.OR Code of conduct or
repetitive jobs. general instructions in any organisation.
• Specifies what to do or not to do.
• The selection of right method save
time,money,and increase the efficiency. • Are rigid;stringent;and compulsive in nature.
• Are usually the simplest type of plan.
• Methods vary from task to task.
• There is no discretion allowed in rules
• Act as guide for employees. i.e,they must be followed strictly and if rules
• Provide uniformity in action of are not followed then strict actions can be
employees. taken against employees who are disobeying
the rules.
• They help in applying the techniques of • Rules are spell out to create the environment
standardisation and simplification. of discipline in the organisation.
• Methods deals with task comprising • Rules generally guides the general behaviour
one step of a procedure and specifies of the employees and employees cannot
how this step has to be performed. make any change in them. For example rule
of coming in time or no smoking in the
organisation .
Programmes(Single Use Plan) Budgets(Single Use plan)
• Programmes are combination of • Budget is the statement of
objectives,policies,procedures and expected result expressed in
rules. numerical form.
• Programme create relation
between policies,procedures and • Budget are prepared at every
goals and are prepared at different level and financial in nature,and
levels but primary programme is lower level managers generally
prepared by top level and then prepared operational budget.
supportive programmes at different
levels are prepared for smooth • Serve as standard for measuring
functioning of organisation. and comparing actual
• Detailed statement about a project. performance.
• Minutest detailes are worked out • Quantify future facts and figures.
within the broad policy framework. • It is controlling device from which
deviations can be taken care of.