TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 4.............................................................................................................................................2
WHAT IS SOCIAL CHANGE.................................................................................................................2
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL CHANGE ACCORDING TO STEVEN VAGO..........................2
VARIABLES OF FACTORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE...................................................................................4
CHAPTER 4

WHAT IS SOCIAL CHANGE

Social is refers to the society. Social change involves a shift in the nature of such a social
structure that has already been reasonably constant or permanent. Furthermore, the most
significant structural reforms were those who had an impact on the system's ability to achieve its
desired goals or even to meet the circumstances necessary for the system to exist. Social change is
indeed a fundamental phenomenon that occurs regularly in any society, regardless of its size.
Throughout time, humanity has undergone a great deal of change, both positive and negative. The
human race is likely unaware of the developments taking place around them, because development
is a normal and constant occurrence.

IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL CHANGE ACCORDING TO STEVEN VAGO

Basically, when we talk about changes, definitely there will several importance components
of social change. It means that these are the important components that are been able to the
society to achieve the changes.

The first component of social change is the identity of change. Whenever there is a
development, there will be a change in the identity of the society. One societal issue is changing
constantly. Behaviours, mindsets, productivity and so on are all signs of a certain social situation.
Individually-driven improvements in changing directions can help you comprehend the pace of
transition and how it should be headed. For instance, the previous traditional Malay society were
labelled or identified as farmers, fishermen, and so on. Only a few of them are professional. This is
the reason why in term of the identification of the society, the identity of Malays was labelled and
identified as a farmers, fishermen, or all these traditional agriculture work that they do. They also
lived in the village in which they are labelled as the villagers. That is why during the process of
development, this is one of the thing that we are very hard in that effort to change this identity of
the Malays so that they were not be identified or labelled as farmers, fishermen, villagers, and so on.
They also can become professional such as doctors, lecturers, and so on. Ultimately, it will bring
about a transformation and adjust or shift the community's culture. Therefore, this is the important
component of change where the identity of change can lead to the changes in the society.
 Pursuing this further, the second component is level of change. Generally, social change
includes a wider number of people inside a particular group. As a social structure, it refers to the
area as well as the community in which a given transformation occurs. Social change occurs when
only people or even a small fraction of community is affected. Oftentimes, greater individuals in a
society are involved in social reform. For instance, nowadays we can see that modern Malays,
Indian, and Chinese are rarely spoken in their mother tongue language due to the development of
school such as international where they only use English as their teaching language. Therefore, this
leads to these modern Malays, Indian, and Chinese to speak more in English until they forgot how to
use their mother tongue language. Even though learning other languages is good but mother tongue
language should be practiced also in order to preserve the language. Thus, this is the important
component of change where the level of change can lead to the changes in the society.

Furthermore, the third component is duration of change. It depends on the duration of a

given development. It is the amount of time it takes for a big transformation process to be
accomplished. For instance, government initiatives usually have a planned duration of execution
such as Tenth Malaysia Plan, Eleventh Malaysia Plan, and so on. It is always will be taking the period
of 5 years for every Malaysia Plan. The reason why it changed every 5 years is because of the
election that will be held every 5 years. We do not know what will happen during the election
because government may change. All these Malaysia Plans are made by the policy makers which are
the politicians. Therefore, this is the important component of change where the duration of change
can lead to the changes in the society.

Apart from that, the next component is magnitude of change. Potentially three further
adjustments depending on the framework, including marginal, thorough as well as reformation.
These are additions to or modifications to the standard or a given conduct that do not affect the
substance or the underlying framework in any way. As the quantity of revolution evolves, one sort of
standard or even other conduct will indeed be replaced on a massive scale, and perhaps the old
conduct will indeed be firmly rejected. It simply relates to the shift in the amount of something. An
incremental shift in social system may take a long time, but it is more complete than just a
revolution shift, which occurs suddenly, but does not always affect the entire social system.
Therefore, this is the important component of change where the magnitude of change can lead to
the changes in the society.

Finally, the fifth component is the rate of change. Depending on the measure used, the rate
could be quick or moderate, continual, orderly, irregular, or indeed any combination of these.
Measuring the speed of change. It is, however, difficult to come to an agreement on a scale for this
type of assessment. Changes can also be rated in relative terms, which is a balance. For instance, in
Kiulu, Sabah, we can see the rate of change in that particular space by looking the area covered for
the development to happened compared to other area or states such as the roads for the cars to use
in their daily lives. The rate of change usually refers to the are covered by the development.
Therefore, this is the important component of change where the rate of change can lead to the
changes in the society.

VARIABLES OF FACTORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE

The first variable is physical variable. Natural surroundings as well as all occurrences which
result through shifts within the physical surroundings are considered physical variables. As an
instance, weather condition, natural raw materials, the physical nature of something like the earth,
natural catastrophes, as well as the ability of humanity to adapt with physical transformations.
Large-scale environmental changes are rare, but they have the potential to have a great impact on
human civilization when they do occur. For instance, in the past time in Western area, due to the
climate and weather, they have to develop a strong sharp weapon to hunt big furry animals in order
to survive compared to Malaysia, they do not have all these kind of animal. Thus, in term of
surviving, people in Malaysia do not have to really develop and find all these weapon to survive.
Therefore, this shows that how important these physical variables are in the development of a place
and also society.

Pursuing this further, the second variable is biological variables. There are two types of
biological variables which are ecological and demographic. Ecology seems to be the study of the
interaction among people as well as other living species.  Human ecological has demonstrated how
the identical factors that influence the environmental interactions of organisms as well as other
groups equally applicable to our kinds but also societies. Mankind, just like all the other life forms,
depends on the environmental process for their existence and seems to be prone to external
restrictions. People have been living in villages, for instance. But now, because of its history and
ecology, the area has become a metropolis and a country. Apart from that, demographic are indeed
the features of a world population applied all through governance, commercial, and social study, or
even the demographic information utilized in these studies. Both the allocation of numbers inside a
demographic factor and the allocation of value among families are also of importance, and so are
the changes through period. Changing demographics in a given population is described by
demographic trends.  Instances include the fact that throughout time the current lifespan of a
community may rise.  It could also go down significantly. It is possible that some limits will be placed
on the use of these numbers. Consider China's one-child policy. Therefore, this shows that how
important these biological variables are in the development of a place and also society.

Furthermore, the third variable is technology variables. Technological innovation is a primary

driver of societal change. Technological advancements will never alter society in its whole. Change is
a process of technology's reaction. Technology is often acknowledged, but not used for a long
period. As a result of new technology, not only is something unique added to the combination, yet
all is altered. Fresh ideas as well as improved opportunities to make living simpler and much more
fun are always being developed in community. For instance, telephones are invented for humanity
to communicate with each other in a far distance in which it will definitely make people’s life even
easier. Technology enables a more innovative community enabling social change on a wide level.
What results is a profound social, economic, but also commercial shift over the ages, summarized
adequately by the phrase modernisation.

Finally, the last variable is norms and values variables. In community, norms generally
defined as precise standards of behaviour, or even the manner wherein the people are expected to
behave. Excellent examples also included a large number of the what the we consider politeness
that have no rational basis. Not impartial or comprehensive, but always evolving, norms are
guidelines of behaviour. Moral values are also produced in a way similarly. As a term typically used
to describe ethical and moral ideas, values come in a wide variety of forms. They can be physically,
administrative, emotional, intellectual, or spiritually in nature.