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Logarithm Basics and Exercises

The document provides an overview of logarithm basics, explaining the relationship between logarithmic and exponential equations, as well as the rules governing logarithms and exponents. It includes a table of logarithms for integers up to 10 and presents exercises for matching expressions and simplifying logarithmic equations. Additionally, it features a section for solving logarithmic equations with provided answers.

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Alexandreau Del Fierro
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47 views2 pages

Logarithm Basics and Exercises

The document provides an overview of logarithm basics, explaining the relationship between logarithmic and exponential equations, as well as the rules governing logarithms and exponents. It includes a table of logarithms for integers up to 10 and presents exercises for matching expressions and simplifying logarithmic equations. Additionally, it features a section for solving logarithmic equations with provided answers.

Uploaded by

Alexandreau Del Fierro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Logarithm Basics:

For every logarithmic equation of the form N log b X there is an exactly equivalent

exponential equation: X bN

log b X is “the logarithm to the base b of X” and is the number to which you raise b in
order to get X

So we can think of logarithms as powers of the base, b .

“Taking the logarithm of” and “raising to a power” are inverse operations, i.e.,
each “undoes” the other:

N log b bN logb X
and X b

For every rule for exponents there is a corresponding rule for logarithms:

Exponents Logarithms

b 1 log b 1 0

b b log b b 1

b 1⁄b log b 1⁄b 1

bN ∗ bM bN M log b X ∗ Y log b X log b Y

bN / bM bN M log b X/Y log b X log b Y

bN M bN∗M log b X N N ∗ log b X

By convention: log X log X Rule for changing base (e. g., to base 10):

ln X log e X log(X)
log b X
log(b)
where e ≅ 2.718
Logarithms of integers up to 10:

N 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

log(N) 0.30 0.48 0.60 0.70 0.78 0.85 0.90 0.95

Exercises:

For each of 1 – 8, match the expression or equation with an equivalent expression or


equation in a) – h).

1. log 25 2. 2 X 3. log 5 4. log 1

5. log 5X 6. log X 27 5 7. 8 2X 8. X 5

a) 1 b) X c) X 27 d) log X 5 e) log 8 X f) log X 5 2

g) 2 h) 0

Simplify:

9. log 1000 10. log 16 11. log 1 12. log 9 13. log 0.01

14. log 8 15. log 8 16. log 17. log 18. log 125

19. log 3 20. log 27 21. log 9 22. log 64 23. 6

24. log ⁄ ⁄ 25. log 3 ∗ log 81 26. log log log 81

Solve:
27. | log X | 2 28. log 3X 2 2 29. log 2X 1 1

30. log X 21X 2

25, 4 29. 7 16 30. 27. 1 9 , 9 28. 6 26. 0 25. 1 24. 3 21. 2 3 22. 3 2 23. 13
20. ⁄ 19. ⁄ 18. 3 16. –1 17. –2 15. 3 13. – 2 14. 3 12. 5 11. 0
10. 4 9. 3 8. f 7. e 6. c 5. b 4. h 3. a 2. d Answers: 1. g

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