Harvard Mark 1- It was the first electromechanical computer capable of complex solutions.
Invented by Howard. He was a Professor of Applied Mathematics and harvard
mathematician and electricalengineer. He then gained funding and support from IBM to
build it. International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), a multinational technology
company that makes computers and provides IT services.
The Harvard Mark I was a massive machine, weighing five tons and measuring over
50 feet long. It was made up of thousands of electromechanical components,
including relays, switches, and gears. The computer used punch cards to input data
and programs. These cards contained holes that represented numerical values and
instructions. The computer would read these cards and perform the calculations
based on the information they contained.
Ballistic calculations-mga kalkulasyon na ginagawa to predict o pag-aralan kung
paano lumilipad ang isang bagay tulad ng bala o bomba, sa hangin at kung saan ito
babagsak o tatama.
The Manhattan Project was a top-secret World War II program to develop the first
atomic bomb. The U.S. government led the project in collaboration with the U.K.
and Canada.
Tinulungan ng Harvard Mark I ang mga scientist sa proyekto ng atomic bomb
(Manhattan Project) sa pagcalculate kung gaano kalaki ang tsansa na maging mag-
success ang pagsabog ng bomba gamit ang paraang "implosion". Pinag-aralan din
nito kung magandang paraan ba ito ng pagpapasabog at kung paano ididisensyo
ang bomba para gumana ito nang maayos.
While powerful for its time, the Mark I was slow and cumbersome to use (mahirap at
mabagal gamitin). It took several hours to perform even simple calculations.
Nz1- It was a mechanical computer that used binary arithmetic and could perform basic
arithmetic operations. So since it was mainly designed for basic arithmetic operations and
simple data processing. It couldn't handle complex equations with multiple variables
(simple equations la) or advanced mathematical functions. The Z1 was limited in its
capabilities.
Examples of Simple Equations:
- 2 + x = 5 (solve for x)
- 3 * y = 12 (solve for y)
- z - 4 = 7 (solve for z)
Data Processing: Kaya nitong ayusin ang mga simpleng datos, tulad ng pagkuha ng
kabuuan ng mga numero.
Ang Z1 ay isang makabagong makina para sa panahong iyon, but ito ay hindi rin
maaasahan dahil sa mechanical nature nito. Madaling masira at ang bilis ng orasan nito ay
1 Hz (hertz) lamang (isang cycle bawat segundo) mahinay an refresh rate, lagger kumbaga.
ENAIC- general purpose, kaya niyng gawin ang anumang uri or complex calculatios. It was
designed to be capable of being reprogrammed to solve a large number of numerical
problems. Their are actually six women were known as the "ENIAC Six". They were tasked
with programming the ENIAC without manuals or programming languages they relied on
block diagrams and logic diagrams and also personal talks with the engineers directly
responsible of the specific parts of the eniac machine.
Programming was accomplished by setting switches and connecting wires
according to specific instructions, which were first worked out on paper and then
carefully carried out and tested. Mapping the program out on paper took weeks.
The task of setting the switches and wiring cables to match the program diagram
then took many days to complete.
The eniac was a very large machine. The ENIAC was 1,000 times faster than other
calculating machines of its time.
It Calculates firing tables to hit targets at specific trajectories. For example
pagcalculate ng mga distansya at anggulo kung where dapat itutok ang mga
kanyon para tamaan ang target. Ginamit din ang ENIAC para suriin kung posible
bang gawin ang bomba ng hydrogen. After the war, the ENIAC was used for a wide
range of scientific and engineering applications, including: Weather prediction,
Atomic energy research and many more.
UNIVAC- Was developed by an American electrical computer na si John Eckert at American
physicist na si John Mauckly. Unlike ng mga nauna nitong ginamit pangunahin para sa mga
scientific calculation, ang UNIVAC ay idinisenyo para gamitin sa mga business. May
kakayahan itong na magcompute ng 1000 calculations per second.
Ginamit ito para sa:
Pagbilang ng tao: Ginamit ito para bilangin ang mga tao sa Amerika noong 1950.
Negosyo: Ginamit din ito ng mga kompanya para sa payroll, inventory, at iba pang mga
gawain.
Pagtaya sa eleksyon: Nakatulong ito sa pagtaya kung sino ang mananalo sa eleksyon
noong 1952. Perhaps. Although initially doubted by the CBS news team, the UNIVAC's
accurate prediction of an Eisenhower landslide significantly boosted public awareness and
acceptance of computers
