Name: ________________________
Internal Resistance Practice Class: ________________________
Date: ________________________
Time: 42 minutes
Marks: 32 marks
Comments:
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A 12 Ω resistor is connected across the terminals of a cell that has an emf of 2.0 V and an
1.
internal resistance of 4.0 Ω.
What is the terminal pd?
A 0.50 V
B 0.75 V
C 1.30 V
D 1.50 V
(Total 1 mark)
In the circuit shown, the cell has an emf of 12 V and an internal resistance which is not negligible.
2.
When the resistance of the variable resistor is 10 Ω the voltmeter reads 10 V and the ammeter
reads 1.0 A.
The resistance of the variable resistor is changed to 5 Ω.
What is the new reading on the ammeter?
A 1.4 A
B 1.7 A
C 2.0 A
D 2.4 A
(Total 1 mark)
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Two identical batteries each of emf 1.5 V and internal resistance 1.6 Ω are connected in parallel.
3. A 2.4 Ω resistor is connected in parallel with this combination.
What is the current in the 2.4 Ω resistor?
A 0.38 A
B 0.47 A
C 0.75 A
D 0.94 A
(Total 1 mark)
A student assembles the circuit in Figure 1.
4.
Figure 1
The battery has an internal resistance of 2.5 Ω.
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(a) Show that the resistance of the 6.2 V, 4.5 W lamp at its working potential difference (pd) is
about 9 Ω.
(1)
(b) The terminal pd across the battery is 6.2 V.
Calculate the emf of the battery.
emf = _______________ V
(3)
The student makes a variable resistor to control the brightness of the lamp. Figure 2 shows her
circuit.
Figure 2
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(c) She uses a resistance wire with a diameter of 0.19 mm to make the variable resistor. A
5.0 m length of this wire has a resistance of 9.0 Ω.
Calculate the resistivity of the wire.
resistivity = _______________ Ω m
(3)
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(d) Figure 3 shows the 5.0 m length of wire wrapped around a tube to make the variable
resistor.
Figure 3
Two plugs connect the variable resistor into the circuit. A moveable copper contact is used
to vary the length of wire in series with the lamp.
When the contact is placed on the tube at one particular position, the lamp is dim.
The contact is then moved slowly to the right as shown in Figure 3.
Explain, without calculation, what happens to the brightness of the lamp as the contact is
moved.
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(2)
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(e) The student now makes a different circuit by connecting the variable resistor in parallel
with the lamp.
The contact is returned to its original position on the tube as shown in Figure 3 and the
lamp is dim. The contact is again slowly moved to the right.
Explain, without calculation, what happens to the brightness of the lamp as the contact is
moved.
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(2)
(Total 11 marks)
A cell has an emf of 1.5 V and an internal resistance of 0.65 Ω.
5. The cell is connected to a resistor R.
(a) State what is meant by an emf of 1.5 V.
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(2)
(b) The current in the circuit is 0.31 A.
Show that the total power output of the cell is approximately 0.47 W.
(1)
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(c) Calculate the energy dissipated per second in resistor R.
energy dissipated per second = _______________ J s−1
(2)
(d) The cell stores 14 kJ of energy when it is fully charged. The cell’s emf and internal
resistance are constant as the cell is discharged.
Calculate the maximum time during which the fully-charged cell can deliver energy to
resistor R.
maximum time = _______________ s
(2)
(e) A student uses two cells, each of emf 1.5 V and internal resistance 0.65 Ω, to operate a
lamp. The circuit is shown in the diagram.
The lamp is rated at 1.3 V, 0.80 W.
Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys Page 8 of 17
Deduce whether this circuit provides the lamp with 0.80 W of power at a potential
difference (pd) of 1.3 V.
Assume that the resistance of the lamp is constant.
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(4)
(f) The lamp operates at normal brightness across a pd range of 1.3 V to 1.5 V.
State and explain how more of these cells can be added to the circuit to make the lamp
light at normal brightness for a longer time.
No further calculations are required.
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(3)
(Total 14 marks)
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The diagram shows an electrical circuit in a car. A voltmeter of very high resistance is used to
6. measure the potential difference across the terminals of the battery.
(a) Define potential difference.
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(1)
(b) Explain how and why the voltmeter reading changes when the switch is closed.
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(3)
(Total 4 marks)
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Mark schemes
D
1.
[1]
B
2.
[1]
B
3.
[1]
4. (a) ✔
Condone use of W for P.
1
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(b) Calculation of current in lamp (0.73 A)
OR
Calculation of current in 12 Ω resistor (0.52 A)
OR
Calculation of parallel pair resistance (5.0 Ω) ✔
Allow ecf from (a)
Allow alternative methods
Calculation of total circuit current (1.2(4) A)
OR
Calculation of total circuit resistance (7.5 Ω)
OR
Expression of potential divider arrangement
Give full credit to answers that use 9Ω :
Expected values for this method are
Lamp current = 0.69 A
Current in 12 Ω resistor = 0.52 A
Parallel pair resistance = 5.1(4) Ω
Total circuit resistance = 7.6(4) Ω
Total circuit current = 1.2(1) A
emf = 9.2(1) V
(emf = terminal pd + Ir = 6.2 + (1.24 × 2.5))
9.3(1) V ✔
3
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(c) Evidence of calculation of A (= π (d / 2)2 = 2.84 × 10−8) ✔
Use of their A in the resistivity equation = RA/l ✔
To give 5.1 × 10−8 (Ω m) ✔
Allow POT errors in MP1 and MP2
Allow answers that round to 5.10 × 10−8 (Ω m)
3
(d) Resistance increases ✔
Reduces current through lamp
and lamp dimmer ✔
OR
Greater pd across plugs as potential divider
and lamp dimmer ✔
Do not condone explanations that confuse current and potential
difference.
Do not condone “current across” or “pd through”.
2
(e) (Resistance increases)
Reduces current in circuit / battery
OR
Increases (external) circuit resistance ✔
Reduces pd dropped across internal resistance of cell / increases terminal pd
so lamp brighter ✔
Award MAX 1 for arguments dealing with initial dimming of bulb
when wire attached.
Condone “pd across lamp and resistor / parallel section” for
“terminal pd”.
Condone “lost volts”.
2
[11]
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(a) Work done in moving 1 C of charge through the cell ✔
5.
1.5 J of work is done in moving 1 C of charge through the cell ✔
OR
Amount of energy converted from other forms to electrical energy per 1 C of charge ✔
1.5 J of energy converted from other forms to electrical energy per unit charge (passing
across the emf) ✔
OR
Work done in moving 1 C of charge (whole way) round circuit ✔
1.5 J of work is done in moving 1 C of charge the (whole way) round circuit ✔
2nd marking point obtains both marks
Max 1 mark available for the following:
The emf is the terminal pd when there is no current in the cell (and
this equals 1.5 V)
1.5 J of energy per 1 C of charge.
Allow a statement of Kirchhoff’s 2 nd law for 1 mark. Where the law
is in symbol form, the meaning of the symbols must be stated. Need
a clear communication of internal and external resistances.
2
(b) P = VI
And
(P) = 0.465 (W) ✔
Seen to more than 2 sf with supporting equation with subject seen
in working
1
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(c) Use of appropriate power equation to determine wasted power
or
power dissipated in R = total power – their wasted power ✔
(P =) 0.40 W ✔
Alternative for 1 mark:
Use of I =
Or
pd across R = 1.5 – 0.65 x 0.31
or
pd across R = 1.2985 (V)
or
total resistance = 1.5/ 0.31
or
total resistance = 4.839 (Ω)
or R = 4.2 (Ω)
or P = I2 x their R
or
P= using their V and R ✔
2
(d) Use of E = P t
or E = VI t
Or
E = QV and Q = It ✔
Allow use of the equation with their values.
An answer of 3.5 x 104 is worth 1 mark
(t =) 3.0(1) x 104 (s) ✔
2
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(e) MAX 3 from (1 to 4) or (5 to 8)
It is suitable, because:
(1) Current required in lamp = 0.62 A or use of seen
(2) Resistance of lamp = 2.11 Ω or use of seen ✔
(3) current in each cell = 0.31 A ✔
(4) lost volts = 0.2 V
or
lost volts = 0.65 x 0.31 ✔
Check the diagram in part (e)
Must have the correct conclusion to award 4 marks.
Conclusion: yes, terminal pd = 1.5 – 0.2 seen
or
terminal pd= 1.5 – 0.65 x 0.4 /1.3 ✔
OR
(5) total internal resistance = 0.325 Ω ✔
(6) total resistance in circuit = 2.44 Ω ✔
(7) Resistance of lamp = 2.11 Ω ✔
(8) pd splits in ratio of 0.325:2.11 ✔
Conclusion: yes, pd across lamp is (= 1.3 V) seen ✔
Allow max 3 from a combination of two route [(2) and (7) worth total
of 1 mark]
4
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(e) (Cells must be added) in parallel ✔
Because:
more energy stored in the bank of cells / less power from each cell ✔
without increasing the voltage across the bulb (above 1.5 V)
or
without increasing the terminal pd (above 1.5V) ✔
Must link the cells being added in parallel to one or both reason to
gain three marks.
Alternative:
• In parallel
• Current shared by cells
• Takes longer to convert the energy stored in each cell.
Alternative:
• In parallel
• Less internal resistance
• Less power / energy wasted
Cells in series statement means no marks can be obtained.
3
[14]
(a) work done per unit charge
6.
Allow V=W/Q if W and Q defined
1
(b) Voltmeter reading / terminal pd drops
Battery has internal resistance
pd occurs within battery / ’lost volts’ within battery / emf is shared between internal and
external resistances
3
[4]
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