SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Johor

TECHNICAL/EXECUTIVE REPORT : CHE144 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

THERMODYNAMIC

Lab Title PRESSURE MEASUREMENT

100
Group Members Semester : October – February 2022 Group: 1
*Please cancel which is No. Name Student ID.
not necessary.
1
2
3
4

Allocated Marks for Technical/Executive report

Criteria Full Marks
Introduction 5
Summary of Procedures / Methods 5
Data Presentation (graph/table), Discussion & 30
Conclusion
Overall report organization & appearance 10
Question & Answer (Post Experiment) 40
Peer Evaluation 10
TOTAL 100

Comments:

Introduction

Thermodynamics study about the interchange of heat and work between a system and the surroundings
which occurs when the system undergoes a process. Thermodynamics also concerned about the changes in
the properties of fluid. Most thermodynamics substances such as gases and vapours are often referred as
P-V-T substances.

One of the cornerstones of process control is pressure. The study of an applied force by a fluid (liquid or
gas) on a surface is known as pressure measurement. Pressure is commonly expressed as a force per unit
of surface area. Vacuum pressure and gauge pressure are the two most common types of pressure.
Pressure is measured using a variety of methods in modern process control applications. The measurement
method is determined by the nature of the process. Errors in measuring are common in industrial
processes. The amount of error that can be allowed is determined by the nature of the process.
Furthermore, identifying and correcting the measurement inaccuracy is a normal activity conducted by a
technician or engineer in an industry.

We can learn the principles of pressure measurement using several types of measurement methods as
well as pressure calibration procedures by using SOLTEQ Pressure Measurement Apparatus (Model: FM
01B). Calibration is the process of comparing a known error margin reference to a device (such as a
pressure gauge) that is being tested. If the device does not match the reference, we change it so that it
matches, or comes close to matching, the specified measuring accuracy. The reference measurement
device must be more accurate and traceable than the pressure gauge to be calibrated. We'll need to
examine the values throughout the complete measurement range, the zero point, intermediate values, and
the full-scale value to calibrate a pressure gauge.

Summary of Procedures / Methods

Before starting the experiment a quick inspection was performed to ensure the unit is in proper operating
condition.Be sure that valves V1,V2,V3,V5,V6 and V7 are initially closed. While, valve V4 and V8 is
opened.The vacuum and the pressure tank are ensured to be connected to its respective. The port of and
the regulator are regulated to minimum.Then,pump power was later connected to the nearest power
supply.

For experiment A,after the general start-up procedures.valve V2 is connected to vacuum gauge connection
using 8mm pneumatic tubing meanwhile valve V1 to the ‘Lo’ port of pressure calibrator using 8mm
pneumatic tubing.Then,valve V1,V2 and V3 is opened and valve V4 is closed.Ensure that the vacuum
regulator on the pump is regulated to the minimum,and then switch on the pump.Next,slowly adjust the
vacuum regulator so that the vacuum gauge pointer indicates exactly -2.0 inHg.Switch on the pressure
calibrator and set the corresponding pressure unit.Then,record the gauge and calibrator vacuum readings
into the experimental data sheet in Appendix A.Repeat steps 6 to 8 with decreasing 1.0 inHg up to -13.0
inHg.Lastly,plot gauge readings against calibrator readings.

For experiment B,once the general start-up procedure is performed,valve V6 is connected to the pressure
gauge connection using 8mm pneumatic tubing.Then,connect valve V5 to ‘Hi’ port of pressure calibrator
using 8mm pneumatic tubing and open valve V5,V6 and V7.Next,close valve V8.Next,make sure the
pressure regulator on the pump is regulated to the minimum,and then switch on the pump.Slowly adjust
the pressure regulator so that the pressure gauge pointer indicates exactly 1 psi.Then,switch on the
pressure calibrator and set to the corresponding pressure unit.record the gauge and calibrator pressure
readings into the experimental data sheet in Appendix A.Repeat steps 6 to 8 with increasing 1 psi up to 15
psi.Lastly,plot gauge pressure against calibrator pressure.

Safety Awareness
1. The apparatus should not be exposed to any shock and stresses.
2. Always wear protective clothing, shoes, helmet and goggles throughout
3. Always run the experiment after fully understand the unit and procedures the laboratory session.
4. Always check that the indicating liquid in the manometers is at the correct level. Add on indicating
necessary.
Note: Make sure that the indicating liquid with specified density is used.
5. Always check that the gauges are working properly.
6. Wipe off any water/liquid spillage immediately.
7. Replace batteries for Pressure Calibrator when necessary.
8. Ensure that all valves are either closed or opened.

Data Presentation (graph/table)

Experimental Results
Part A
Gauge Reading (in Hg) Actual Reading (mmHg) Error
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
-11
-12
-13

Part B
Gauge Reading (psi) Actual Reading (psi) Error
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Analysis
Graph gauge reading vs calibrator reading for Part A

Graph gauge reading vs calibrator reading for Part B

Discussion & Conclusion

 1. Compare the operation of vacuum gauge and pressure gauge

Gauge pressure and vacuum pressure are both measured relative to the atmospheric pressure. The
difference is that gauge pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure, while vacuum pressure is lower than
the atmospheric pressure

2. Discuss the importance of equipment calibration in industrial application.

Calibration of measurement equipment is highly important because it ensures the reliability of the device. There are
two main objectives to calibration of measuring devices and instrument. First, calibration checks and verifies the
accuracy of the measuring device. Secondly, calibration also creates traceability of the measurements to ensure they
are consistent with other measurements.

CONCLUSION

Based on the experiment, the conclusions reached are a complete bench for testing and calibration of
various elements. Moreover, experiments can determine the difference between a pressure gauge and a
vacuum gauge. Vacuum pressure is usually expressed as a negative number. The actual reading for Part A
is negative because it is measured relative to atmospheric pressure. During this experiment, the pressure
gauge and vacuum gauge pointers are not fixed, so there are readings that may not be accurate. Therefore,
you need to read the readings at eye level to get the average reading of the pointer.

Peer Evaluation
 Very weak Weak Fair Good
(1-2) (3-5) (6-8) (9-10)
Always provides
Name of group member Sometimes Usually provide
Rarely provide practical and
provide useful information
information when useful information
information when when participating
participating in when participating
participating in in group
group discussion in group
group discussion discussion
discussion
1

No Task description Member

1 Introduction and procedure ABDUL ALIFF IRFAN BIN HALIM
2 Data Presentation NURUL NORAINI BINTI GHAZALY
3 Analyse the result / Discussion AISYAH ANIZA BINTI MOHD AZIM
4 Safety awareness MUHAMMAD ALIF NAJMI BIN MOHD
ROZAIMI