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INTRODUCTION
In this laboratory activity, the students will be exposed with the apparatus to
determine the metacentric height of a floating body. Knowledge on metacentric
height, centre of gravity and centre of buoyancy is important to determine the
stability of a floating body.
OBJECTIVES
To identify the position of the metacentre (M) of a floating body, by referring the
distance from the centre of gravity (G).
PREAMBLE
LEARNING OUTCOMES
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
In these laboratory activities students will be exposed to the equipment that
used to measure the metacentric height of pontoon. For static equilibrium of
the pontoon, the total weight, 𝑊, (which acts through the centre of gravity, 𝐺)
must be equal to the buoyancy force which acts through the centre of buoyancy
𝐵, which is located at the centroid of the immersed cross-section. When the
pontoon heels through a small angle, the metacentre 𝑀 is identified as the point
of intersection between the lines of action of the buoyancy force (always
vertical) and 𝐵𝐺 extended. For stable equilibrium, 𝑀 must be above 𝐺.
There are two methods to measure the metacentric height, GM.
Since the shift in the centre of gravity was caused by moving the weight, 𝑃
through a distance 𝑥, then:
Px = W(GG′ ) (5.1)
(5.2)
ECW341 – WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY Page 2
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FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA LABORATORY MANUAL
𝐺𝐺 ′ = 𝐺𝑀 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝑃𝑥 (5.3)
𝐺𝑀 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃
𝑊
0
Where
𝑃 = weight of movable mass
𝑥 = distance between the movable mass and the mast of the pontoon
𝐺𝑀 = 𝐵𝑀 − 𝐵𝐺 (5.4)
0
The metacentric radius, 𝐵𝑀, can be defined as
𝐼 (5.5)
𝐵𝑀 =
𝑉
0
where
𝐼= the second moment of area of the plane of floating about an axis through
the centroid perpendicular to the plane of rotation, as the pontoon heels.
𝑉= the immersed volume
(5.7)
𝑉 = 𝐿𝑏𝑑𝑖
0
𝑏2 𝑑𝑖 (5.8)
𝐺𝑀 = (𝑦 − )
12𝑑𝑖 2
0
G
y
di B di/2
APPARATUS
PROCEDURE
The group is required to submit the technical report of the laboratory results
highlighting the apparatus used, the procedures undertaken for the test, data
acquisition process, analysis carried out and the relevancy of the set-out output
RESULTS
to address the given problem.