FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM UNIVERSITI

TEKNOLOGI MARA MARKS

EC110 DIPLOMA OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

COURSE CODE ECW341

COURSE NAME WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY

DURATION 2 WEEKS
STUDENT ID STUDENT NAME
I. 2019430356 ARIF ISKANDAR BIN SHAWALUDDIN
ll. 2019420576 AHMAD A’ZIEMULLAH UMAR BIN AZAILANI
III. 2019247116 MOHAMMAD ALIF ASYRAAF BIN MOHAMMAD ILLAHI
IV. 2019269332 AHMAD AMIR AFIQ BIN MUHAMMAD SHAH
GROUP EC1105G Group 1
LECTURER NOOR SAFWAN BIN MUHAMAD
At the end of this assignment, student should be able to:
C02 Demonstrate leadership skills in task related to water engineering
P06 Demonstrate knowledge of the societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to engineering technician practice and solutions to well defined engineering
problems.

Instructions to students
1. Number of members per group MUST NOT EXCEED 4 persons.
2. Marks will be given based on rubric and no marks will be given for those students who are found to copy their
answer in any manner.
3. Each group must re are and submit the solution.
NO C02 : P06 DOMAIN COMPLEX TOTAL
LEVEL PROBLEM MARKS
1 4 A1
2 4 A2
3 4 A3 DPI, DP2,
DP3, NA5, DK7
4 4 A4
5 4 A5

DOMAIN LEVEL & MARKS ENDORSED BY:

MUHAMAD HASBULLAH
BIN HASSAN BASRI
20 MUHAMAD HASBULLAH BIN HASSAN BASRI RESOURCE PERSON -
10%
MARKS Resource Person ECW341 DIPLOMA OF CIVIL
ECW341 ENGINEERING.
7/12/2021 FKA@UiTMPP
A1-A5
ASSIGNMENT ASSESSMENT/ RUBRIC

RUBRIC’S MARKS MARKS

NO DOMAIN ELEMENT
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
DP 1 – DEPTH OF
Solve the problems with extensive practical knowledge as reflected
KNOWLEDGE / DK 7 -
COMPREHENSION - – (wk4-engineering fundamentals; wk5-specialist knowledge; wk6-engineering design; wk7
ISSUES & engineering practice)
APPROACHES

Students are
required to apply
depth of
1 A1 (Receiving) knowledge
acquired (WP1) to Able to solve Able to solve problems
identify and Able to solve problems
Able to express problems and provide and provide total and
evaluate the Unable to express and provide with some
problems without some solutions after practical solutions
problem based on problems solutions after
solution substantial guidance without guidance.
given case using guidance given
given
specified
knowledge profile
of (WK4, WK5,
WK6, &
WK7).

Providing the schematic planning of the task with complete info of work distribution among the group
members, list of selected references, tools or props used in the assignment and software used for the
Students are assignment.
required to
demonstrate level of
interactions to
delegates the task Able to manage and
Able to manage and
among group have a good teamwork
have a proper
2 A2 (Responding) members with Able to manage and Able to manage and and well work
Unable to manage and teamwork and work
extend to select a distribute the task, distribute the task and distribution towards
distribute the task, fail distribution towards
proper source of but fail to deliver the delivering the task to delivering the task
to deliver the task to delivering the task
references/tools/ task to the group and the group members excellently and serves
the group and does efficiently and usually
equipment to does not compromise and occasionally helps as a members of the
not compromise to does what is the best
prepare well towards the the group to achieve teams in managing
achieve the objectives interest of the group
organize assignment. objectives of the objectives of the individual ideas
of assignment. towards the
assignment. assignment towards the
achievement of the
achievement of the
assignment
assignment
 DP 2 – RANGE OF Able in valuing multiple conflicting requirement, and able to made decision to conclude an
CONFLICTING assumptions.
REQUIREMENT

Students are
required to assess Assess the
the conflicting Assess the Assess the Assess the requirements/issues
requirements and requirements/issues requirements/issues requirements/issues and able to fully
3 A3 (Valuing) Assess the and only able and not able to fully and able to fully suggest/assume the
provide a
satisfactory proposal requirement/issue but suggest/assume the suggest/assume the suggest/assume the location of the rain
to solve the no proposal location of the rain location of the rain location of the rain gauges and selection of
problem. gauges or select the gauges and selection gauges and selection of catchments area with a
catchments area. of catchments area. catchments area. excellent description of
selection made.

NA5 - PRACTICAL Require knowledge of practical procedures and practices for widely-applied operations and processes
PROCEDURES/
PRACTICES
The team is able to The team is able to
Students are The team is able to
The team is unable to The team is able to collect/design some collect/design some
4 A4 (Organizing) required to collect/design some
collect/design any collect/design some relevant approaches relevant approaches
collect/design the relevant procedure/
procedure/apparatus procedure/ apparatus procedure/ apparatus procedure/ apparatus
apparatus/props/ apparatus with
and interpret and interpret with good with excellent
procedure and fair interpretation.
interpretation. interpretation.
interpret it in the
assignment.
DP3 – DEPTH OF Carry out analysis using formulae/model required to solve problems in standardized ways
ANALYSIS REQUIRED

Students are The team is able to The team is able to

required to develop The team is able to
A5 The team is able to derive derive excellent/
5 or formulate to The team is unable to derive good
(Characterization) suggest/ recommend fair findings to accurate suggestion/
suggest and suggest/recommend suggestion/
the mean suggest/ recommend recommendation the
recommend the the mean precipitation recommendation
precipitation the mean mean precipitation
value of mean precipitation the mean precipitation
precipitation.

Endorsed by:
Total
Evaluated By:

20
Introduction

Rain gauges are used by meteorologists and hydrologists to collect and measure the amount
of liquid precipitation along a predetermined area over time. It is used to calculate rainfall by
calculating the depth of precipitation (usually in mm) that falls over a certain region. Students
are given the task of conducting a week-long experiment to measure the depth of rainfall
using a rain gauge they made themselves. Following that, students must write a report about
the experiment they completed. The experiment will only be done within the university
region due to the epidemic. Students must locate five large areas that are ideal for the
experiment. Students are supposed to explain a recommended equipment, tool, or method, as
well as construct a diagram or a basic physical prototype, by the end of the experiment.
Students should also be able to understand what collaboration means while working in groups
and how to apply the Thiessen Polygon formula. Our group has chosen a location within the
university grounds that is both spacious and appropriate for the experiment.

Procedure

1. Take five plastic bottles and cut them into half to make it as a rain gauge.
2. Put all five of rain gauge in five different locations to collect rainfall.
3. Let the rain gauge for five days.
4. Record the rainfall collects every 24 hours by using 20ml syringe.
5. Tabulate all the data and make a graph.
APPENDIX 1

A(9.5,10.4)

E(6.3,9.7)

B(10,8.3)

D(4,8)

C(9,7)

Station Boxes Area(hectares)

A 20 273.97
B 9 123.28
C 40 547.95
D 48 657.50
E 29 397.24
Total ≈2000
Total area: 48 + 40 + 9 + 20 + 29 = 146
146 box = 2000 hectares
1box = 13.698 hectares

Daily data collection of rainfall (ml)

Station Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7
A 275 0 0 11 750 550 527
B 260 0 0 10 781 592 567
C 220 0 0 9 811 573 584
D 271 0 0 7 792 496 552
E 222 0 0 12 803 527 529
Table 1

Rainfall in (cm)
Station Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Total
A 4.96 0 0 0.2 13.53 9.92 9.51 38.12
B 4.69 0 0 0.18 14.09 10.68 10.23 39.87
C 3.97 0 0 0.16 14.63 10.34 10.54 39.64
D 4.89 0 0 0.12 14.29 8.95 9.96 38.21
E 4.00 0 0 0.22 14.49 9.51 9.55 37.77
Table 2

Diameter bottle = 8.4 cm

Area on top of the bottle = πr2 = 55.42cm2
1ml = 1cm3
Formula = (data collection of rainfall / area on top of the bottle)

Station Coordinate Weekly precipitation(mm) Area of Thiessen(km2)

A 9.5, 10.4 54.46 2.74
B 10, 8.3 56.96 1.23
C 9, 7 56.63 5.48
D 4, 8 54.59 6.58
E 6.3, 9.7 53.96 3.97
Table 3

Area mean precipitation Thiessen polygon formula = (PA + PA ….) / (A1 + A2 +….)
(54.46x2.74) + (56.96x1.23) + (56.63x5.48) + (54.59x6.58) + (53.96x3.97) = 55.15 mm
. 2.74 + 1.23 + 5.48 + 6.58 + 3.97
Discussion

In definition, precipitation occurs when water falls to the earth surface. The water might be in
a liquid and solid state. Based on different temperature and location, the type of precipitation
might be in liquid (rainfall) and frozen(hail) condition. However, there are 3 types of
precipitation based on the mechanism such as orographic precipitation, convective
precipitation, and cyclonic precipitation. The most common precipitation that happen in
Malaysia is convective precipitation that caused by heated air interface to the ground. For
assignment ECW341 the students were assigned to measure the precipitation of rainfall.

To measure precipitation of rainfall, the students need to collect the rainwater in the bottle
and measured it in a gauge. Based on the tabulation data, the diameter of bottle is 8.4 cm. For
the Area on top of the bottle is calculate by using formula πr2 which equal to 55.42cm2. From
the calculation, it can be determined that 1ml is equal to 1cm3. By using formula (data
collection of rainfall / area on top of the bottle), the total rainfall(cm) for 7 days can be
calculated. For station A is 38.12cm, station B is 39.87cm, station C is 39.64cm, station D is
38.21cm and lastly for station E is 37.77cm.

Next, for calculation of weekly precipitation is based on formula week of total rainfall in cm
for 1 station is divided by 7 and convert from cm to mm. For station A is 54.46mm, station B
is 56.96mm, station C is 56.63mm, station D is 54.59mm and lastly for station E is 53.96mm.
For the Area of Thiessen is determine by using graph that attach to the location map for all
station which covered 146 boxes that approximate 2000 hectares. Hence, for 1 box is 13.698
hectares. The Area of Thiessen need to convert in unit km2, as station A is 2.74 km2, station B
is 1.23 km2, station C is 5.48 km2, station D is 6.58 km2 and lastly for station E is 3.97 km2.
So, the area mean precipitation Thiessen polygon formula is (PA + PA ….) / (A1 + A2 +….)
is 55.15 mm.

Lastly, there were few errors that may occur in this test such as miscalculation when taking
the rainwater data and unpredictable weather condition that make the rainwater in the bottle
become evaporated.
Conclusion

In conclusion, the mean precipitation of rainfall can be determined by using rain gauge that
are made from plastic bottles and Thiessen Polygon method. This is because the experiment
was conducted during raining season, so it will be easily to collect the rainfall data. Some
errors might happen if the experiment was not conduct by using suitable apparatus and
method. Do not forget to use umbrella or raincoat while taking the data to avoid get sick.
Reference

Arif Iskandar Station A , data

Umar Station B, C , intro
Amir afiq Station D , procedure, conclusion
Alif Asyraaf Station E , discussion

- How Do We Measure Rainfall? (n.d.). Frontiers for Young Minds.

https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2018.00038

- Rain Gauge - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.).

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/rain-gauge

- Slide Chapter 2 - Precipitation. (n.d.). ECW331

- Daly, C., Neilson, R. P., and Phillips, D. L. ~1994!. ‘‘A statisticaltopographic model

for mapping climatological precipitation over mountainous terrain.’’ J. Appl.

Meteorol., 33, 140–158.

- What Is Precipitation? (n.d.). NOAA SciJinks – All About Weather.

https://scijinks.gov/precipitation/
Appendices