The Quantum Theory and the Electronic

Structure of atom :

Quantum Theory: Niel Bohr’s Model:

Is a branch of physics that explains Hismodel proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in

how tiny particles like atoms and electrons fixed paths or shells with quantized energy levels preventing

behave them from spiralling into the nucleus

The issue:
His theory only worked with Hydrogen atoms fails for any

atom with more than 1 e

A charged body ie e moviining in a circle radiates energy

this means the e itself should lose energy and

Electronic crash into the nucleus

Structure

of atom
The Properties of waves:
C speed of light
Wavelength ( ): is the distance

oetween identical points on successive

waves m

Amplitude (A ): is the vertical

distance from the midline of a

mod
wave to the peak or through
 m
Frequency ( ): f Y or 1s Hz
Light has properties of that suggest it is made of individual bundles or quanta of
4 6,62607015 10 34
energy E f v velocity

Emission Spectrum:
The emission Spectrum can be seen by emerging a sample of a material either wit

thermal energy or other forms of energy such as a high voltage electrical

discharge An iron bar freshly removed from a high source produces a characterist

glow

PERSFETERTTERISESTEETT

Dont forget
Atoms gain loss of electrons to form Niel's Bohr's atomic model

compounds dense nucleus containing protons

electrons
energy possessed by an Negatively charged e

electron in hydrogen is of very small mass orbit the nucleus

uantized An electron at one energy level

4 the atom has quantized can absorb an exact amount of

energy levels energy to move to another level

ct to be
 e as a d la

Electromagnetic Radiation:

Electromagnetic radiation is emitted when electrons drop from a

higher energy level to a lower one

Each drop emits a photon some in the UV portion of the spectrum

one in the visible range and others in infrared
An electron absorbs energy as it moves from a lower level to a

igher level and becomes excited

When the electron falls back to the ground state energy is emitted

esulting in a line of spectrum

The atomic spectra observed for each element is the result of

he movement of electrons between quantized energy levels

The emission spectrum of hydrogen includes many wavelengths from

infrared to UV and was named after it's discovered

ex Balmer series visible
range

Bohr was able to calculate the energies of all the known lines in the
s
spectrum of hydrogen atoms R 2 IS 10 isn't a universelle constant

ΔE h V RH Ephoton de Ef Ei Ef Rn tf
DE the energy
E RH be RH ti nF en's change exam

ex calculate the wavelength in nm of a photon emitted by a hydrogen

atom when it's electron drops from the n 5 state to the n 3 state
 s
R 2,18 10

SE h V Rn f
18
SE 2,18 10 T2 2

ΔE 2,18 10

18
ΔE 2,18 10 0 1111 0,04

SE 1 55 10 J

O Frequency u
4 6,63 1039
SE h V

i
2,34 10 Hz
find wavelength s in me
D V
0 3,00 108
D

1 1 9
6
I 1,28 10 m

from in to nm

4m
1 1,28 103 am on 1280