УДК 621.791.052.

08 Official edition
БЪЛГАРСКИ ДЪРЖАВЕН BDS 10282-72
НАРОДНА СТАНДАРТ
РЕПУБЛИКА БЬЛГАРИЯ
WELD SEAMS IN THE
ДЪРЖАВЕН КОМИТЕТ BOILER BUILDING
ЗА СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИЯ CONTROL METHODS B 09
ПРИ МИНИСТЕРСКИЯ
СЪВЕТ

WELD SEAMS IN THE BOILER BUILDING

CONTROL METHODS
MATERIALS. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

The standard refers to the methods for controlling the weld seams of the
steam and water-tube boilers and the carbon and alloyed steel vessels, operating at
superpressure – higher than 0,07 MN/m2
1. REQUIREMENTS TO THE WELD SEAMS

1.1. For welding elements of drums and vessel casings, operating under
pressure, it is allowed to use only butt weld seams with shape and size of welding
ends in compliance with BDS 3112-72. Other types of weld seams are allowed only in
the cases, defined in p. 2.1 of BDS 10563-72.
1.2. The dislocation and the constructive elements of the weld seams and
the dislocation of seats and different elements with the exception of connecting
branches and tubes should be in compliance with p.2.9 of BDS 10563-72
1.3. When welding elements, produced through the deflection method,
such as pressing and others, the dislocation of the weld seams should be in
compliance with p. 2.12 of BDS 10563-72.
1.4. Diversions from section 1 of the standard are allowed for the cases,
stipulated in the acting regulations and orders for technical supervision of steam and
water-tube boilers and the vessels, operating under pressure, or when the item
complies with requirements of a foreign technical documentation.

2. PREPARATION OF THE WELD SEAMS FOR INSPECTION

2.1. The preparation and implementation of the weld seams inspection is

a part of the technological process.
2.2. Before the inspection the weld seams and the area around them
within 20 mm on both sides of the seam should be cleaned from slag, sprays and other
impurities until blanched.
2.3. When testing weld seams in the crossing points and the spots, which
will be covered with seats, connecting branches and others, the items are transported
to the spot, designated for defect detection.
2.4. The weld seams can be covered with seats, connecting branches and
others only if the quality of the covered sections is a hundred percent guaranteed.

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 2.5. All weld seams of the vessels are marked with the welder’s mark
following a system, approved by a special production technology, defining the stamp
and family name of the welder.
2.6. The preparation of the item for ultrasonic control is carried out
according to p.2.2 of the present standard and section 3 of BDS 9234-71.

3. CONTROL METHODS

3.1. Visual inspection control

3.1.1. The visual inspection and measuring control should be implemented
according to table 1, p.1 of BDS 2648-70.
3.1.2. All weld seams of the vessels are subject to bilateral visual
inspection and measuring.
When, due to the character of the construction, the bilateral inspection is
practically impossible, it is carried out unilaterally.
3.1.3. The quality control of the weld seams should be carried out
according to p.2 of BDS 2648-70 and the requirements of the acting regulations for
technical supervision of steam and water-tube boilers and vessels, operating under
pressure.
3.1.4. The other control methods are applied after completely removing
the visible external defects and preparing the weld seams according to section 2 of the
present standard.
3.2. Ultrasonic and radiographic control method.
3.2.1. Conditions for applying ultrasonic and radiographic method:
а) The ultrasonic and radiographic control method should be carried out
according to table 2, p.p. 3 and 4 of BDS 2648-70;
b) The ultrasonic and radiographic control method can be:
- combined - radiographic and ultrasonic;
- radiographic.
The combined ultrasound control method defines the defective sections,
which are marked with durable (long-lasting) paint, after which it is mandatory to
radiograph them and the obtained results are final.
c) According to the scope of control it can be:
- a hundred percent control;
- partial control
d) The following are subject to mandatory hundred percent control:
- the weld seams of drums and vessel casings in the crossing points and
in the spots, which will be covered with seats, connecting branches and others for all
types of steel;
- the weld seams drums and vessel casings made of steel with austenitic,
pearlitic and martensitic-ferritic class and wall thickness bigger than 15 mm;
- the weld seams of vessels, which are covered with durable coatings;
- the weld seams of vessels, designated for operation in highly toxic and
dangerous areas, regardless of their parameters;
- the weld seams of vessels, tested with partial control and shown 50%
and more defects in the total controlled length.
3.2.2. Ultrasonic control
The general requirements for applying ultrasonic control on weld seams
are given in BDS 9234-71.

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 Ultrasonic control on weld seams with wall thickness up to 40 mm is
carried out in compliance with BDS 10037-72.
Ultrasonic control on cylindrical elements made of carbon and low-
alloyed steel with wall thickness greater than 15 mm and diameter greater than 133
mm, is carried out in compliance with BDS 9824-72.
The report documentation for the ultrasound control is prepared
according to section 7 of BDS 9234-71.
3.2.3. Radiographic control
The general requirements for applying radiographic control on weld
seams, the conditions for implementing the control, sensitivity and quality of the
radiogram images (visualizations) are in compliance with BDS 3113-72.
The weld seam quality control is in accordance with the acting
legislation. The defective sections of the weld seams are marked with durable oil
paint, after which they are removed, recertified and it is mandatory to radiograph
them a hundred percent. If after a triple correction the quality is inadmissible, the
whole weld seam is refused. Depending on the vessel category the scope of the partial
control is determined according to the table

Vessel Vessel parameters Controlled section in the total

category length of the weld seams in %
Admissible Temperature of With Mandatory
pressure the walls (°С) ultrasound and radiograph
MN/m2 radiography
I Over 85 Does not 100 50
depend on the
temperature
II Over 5 up to Over plus 400 100 25
85 Below minus 100 25
200
III Over 1,6 up to Over plus 200 100 20
5 Below minus
70
From plus 200 50 15
to minus 70
IV Up to 1,6 From plus 200 25 10
to minus 40

3.3. Metallographic control method

3.3.1. The method is applied for detecting internal defects in the
structure of the welding metal and the heat-affected zone.
3.3.2. The analyses are carried out on samples, taken from the item
itself or test plate, made under the same conditions at which the welding is done.
3.3.3. The samples or the item itself are taken from sections, which have
been a hundred percent tested in advance by the methods in p.3.2 and shown
admissible quality.
3.3.4. The test plates are checked a hundred percent by the methods in
p.3.2.
Only plates showing admissible quality are subject to metallographic
analyses.

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 3.3.5. Metallographic control includes macro-and microanalyses. Macro-
and microanalysis is used for weld seams of items made of:
- alloyed steel;
- low and medium carbon steel and low-alloyed steel, made by
autogenous and electric resistance welding.
For all other cases macro-analysis is sufficient.
3.3.6. Weld seams of the following vessels are subject to metallographic
control:
- operating at wall temperature higher than 450 °С;
- operating at pressure higher than 5 MN/m 2, regardless of the operating
temperature;
- made of high-carbon and alloyed steel, regardless of the wall
temperature and the operating pressure;
- for which the metallographic analyses are specifically stipulated in the
technical documentation of the item;
- when repairing vessels in operation.
3.3.7. The metalographic control is not mandatory for weld seams of
pearlite type steel, when a hundred percent control is required for the item.
3.3.8. The samples for metalographic control on vessels, made of high-
carbon and high-alloyed steel, are taken in a double quantity compared to those,
required for items made of low and medium carbon and low-alloyed steel.
3.3.9. The weld seams quality control by this method is implemented in
compliance with the acting regulations for technical supervision on the steam and
water-tube boilers and vessels, operating under pressure.
3.3.10. It is mandatory to test the weld seams of items, made of steel with
austenitic and austenitic-ferritic class, for intercrystalline corrosion sensitivity
according to БДС 7039-68.
3.4. Control by mechanical tests.

3.6.3. Vessels with operating pressure (Р) greater than 0,5 MN/m 2 are
tested at pressure 1,25 Р, but no less than P+0,3MN/m2.
3.6.4. For vessels, which will be enameled, and vessels, in which cast-in
and cold-formed (hammered) elements are embedded, the test pressure is 1,5 Р, but no
less than 0,3 MN/m2.
3.7. Except for the mandatory tests, stipulated in the standard, in case of
motivated demand on the part of the investor it is allowed to also apply the other
control methods, given in BDS 2648-70.

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