GROUP: THREE(3)
DATE: Mon. 17TH March, 2025
BASIC: EIGHT(8)B
SUBJECT: SCIENCE
TOPIC: MEASLES
INTRODUCTION
Measles is a highly contagious communicable disease caused by the
measles virus. It primarily affects children but can be contracted at any
age. It is air borne disease known for its characteristic rash and flu-like
symptoms.
What Is Measles?
Measles also referred to as measles is a highly contagious viral disease
that affect the respiratory system, caused by the measles virus. It is a
serious airborne illness that can lead to complication especially in people
with weakened immune system.
HISTORY OF MEASLES
Measles has been around for centuries and has caused large epidemics
throughout history. Before the vaccine measles was a major cause of
childhood death globally. Measles Vaccine was introduced in 1963,
significantly reduced cases and deaths worldwide.
SYMPTOMS OF MEASLES
Measles is characterized by a combination of symptoms including:
1. Fever:
Measles typically starts
with a high fever up to
104°F (40°C)
accompanied by
cough, runny nose and
sore throat.
2. Rashes:
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Kids also may have Koplik's spots (small red spots with blue-white centres)
inside the mouth before the rash starts.
The rash breaks out 3–5 days after symptoms start. The rash then starts
at the hairline, spreads to the face, then down the neck and torso to the
arms, legs and feet. The fever and rash slowly go away after a few days.
3. Red eyes which can be itchy and watery.
COMPLICATIONS OF MEASLES
Measles can lead to severe complications, especially in young children
and immunocompromised individuals.
Pneumonia the air sacs fill up with pus and other fluid.
Encephalitis (brain swelling) which can lead to permanent brain
damage.
Blindness: Due to vitamin A deficiency.
Others include
Ear infections
Diarrhoea
Death
MODE OF SPREAD
1. Measles virus is released into the air when an infected person
coughs, sneezes or talks.
2. People in close proximity to an infected person can breathe in the
virus.
3. Object such as utensils, towels or bedding can carry the virus.
4. The measles virus can remain suspended in the air for up to 2 hours.
5. Direct contact with an infected person.
6. Contaminated surfaces such as doorknobs, light switches etc.
PREVENTION OF MEASELS
A. Vaccination:
The MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) is highly effective. Given
in two doses: first at 1 year, second at 4-6 years of age.
B. Good Hygiene:
Washing hands frequently with soap and water, especially after coming
into contact with someone who is infected.
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C. Improve Immunity:
Keeping your immune system strong by getting enough sleep, exercise
regularly and eating a healthy diet.
HOW TO CONTROL MEASLES
1. Taking in anti-viral drug prescribed by a doctor.
2. Trimming fingernails and wearing gloves to reduce scratching of
rashes.
3. Pressing cool, moist rag on the rash.
4. Applying lotion on the rashes
5. Taking cool baths daily
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, measles remains a highly contagious but preventable
disease. Through widespread vaccination efforts, we have seen significant
reductions in its incidence, yet outbreaks continue to occur, primarily due
to gaps in immunization coverage. It’s crucial that we prioritize measles
vaccination, not only to protect individuals but also to safeguard
communities and prevent the resurgence of this serious illness. By
increasing awareness, addressing vaccine hesitancy, and ensuring
equitable access to vaccines, we can work toward eliminating measles for
good. Let’s stay committed to protecting public health and ensuring a
healthier future for all. Thank you.
GROUP MEMBERS
1. ISABELLA NAA AYITEY
2. RAPHAEL NII AYITEY KOME
3. JOSEPHINE AGYEMANG
4. DAMIEN BOAKYE YIADOM
5. NYAMEYE OWUSU ASAMOAH
6. NYAMENIM K. OWUSU YEBOAH
7. SEANNA CURTIA ARYEETEY
8. ERIC OWUSU AGYEMAN
9. KHADIJA AHMED UMAR
10. PRINCELLA BOTWEWAA QUANSAH
11. ESERORO DORDUNU
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