ሒሳብ

መምርሒ ንመምህር
2ይ ክፍሊ

ፀሓፍቲ፡
ካሳ ሚካኤል ወ/የሱስ
ዘነበ ዯነቀ ዘረፉ
ኣለም በየነ በርሀ

ኤዲተራት፡
ሰለሞን ሕሉፍ ንጉስ
ዯስታ ገ/ህይወት ምራጭ

ሚኒስቴር ትምህርቲ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ

ሪፐብሊክ ኢትዮጵያ
እዚ መፅሓፍ ንፕሮጀክት ምምሕያሽ ፅርየት ሓፈሻዊ ትምህርቲ (GEQIP) ተባሂሉ ብምትሕብባር
ፈንድ መንግስትታት ፊንላንድ፣ ጣልያን፣ ኔዘርላንድን እንግሊዝን ከምኡ’ውን ልቓሕ ባንኪ ዓለም
ቑፅሪ (IDA Credit No) 4535 – ET ብዝተረኽበ ዝተዋዯዯ ሓገዝ ብሚኒስቴር ትምህርቲ ፌዴራላዊ
ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ኢትዮጵያ ኣብ 2003 ዓ.ም ተሓቲሙ፡፡

© ብሚኒስቴር ትምህርቲ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ኢትዮጵያ ኣብ 2003 ዓ.ም (2011

ዓ.ም.ፈ) ተሓቲሙ፡፡ መሰል ሕትመት ብሕጊ ዝተሓለወ’ዩ፡፡ ካብ ሚኒስቴር ትምህርቲ ኣቐዲሙ
ብፅሑፍ ዝተውሃበ ፍቓድ እንተዘይሃልዩ ወይ ድማ ብመሰረት ነጋሪት ጋዜጣ ፌዴራላዊ
ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ኢትዮጵያ ኣዋጅ ቑፅሪ 410/2004 መሰረት ዝተውሃበ ሕጋዊ ኣፍልጦ
(Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection) እንተዘይሃልዩ ካብዚ መፅሓፍ ዝተወሰነ ክፋል
ይኹን ወይ ድማ ብምሉእ ክራባሕ፣ ክውሰድ፣ ብዝኾነ ዓይነት ክመሓላለፍ፣ ወይ ድማ ብኤሌክትሮኒክ
መልክዕ ክቕዳሕ፣ ናብ ካሊእ ግልጋሎት ክውዕል ወዘተ ኣይከኣልን፡፡

ኣብ ምድላውን ሕትመትን እዚ መፅሓፍ ተምሃራይ ከምኡ’ውን ነዚ ስዒቡ ተዳልዩን ተሓቲሙን ዘሎ

መምርሒ ንመምህር ብቐጥታ ይኹን ብተዘዋዋሪ መንገዲ ኣበርክቶ ንዝገበርኩም ውልቀሰባት፣ ጉጅለን
ዝተፈላለኹም ትካላትን ብምልእኹም ሚኒስቴር ትምህርቲ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ
ኢትዮጵያ ኣዝዩ ዝለዓለ ምስጋና የቕርብ፡፡

ኣእምሮኣዊ ሃፍትን ንብረትን ብሰናይ ፍቓድ ሰብ ዋና ዝተውሃበ’ዩ፡፡ ዝኾነ ይኹን በዓል ዋና

ኣእምሮኣዊ ሃፍትን ንብረትን’ዚ መፅሓፍ’የ ዝብል ሰብ ብግቡእ እንተዘይተሓቢሩን እንተዘይተጠቒሱን
ኣብ ከተማ ኣዲስ ኣበባ ፍሉይ መፀውዒ ኣራት ኪሎ ኣብ ዝበሃል ቦታ ንዝርከብ ዋና ቤት ፅሕፈት
ሚኒስቴር ትምህርቲ (ቑ.ሳ.መ 1367) ክገልፅ ከምዝግባእ ብኽብሪ ንገልፅ፡፡

ምድላው፣ ምስንዳእን ሕትመትን እዚ መፅሓፍ

ስታር ሓ.ዝ. መከፋፈልቲ መፃሕፍቲ ትምህርቲ

24/4800፣ ጎዯና ብሃራት ራም፣ ዳርያጋንጅ

ኒው ዯልሂ - 110002፣ ህንዲ

ከምኡ’ውን

ኣስቴር ነጋ ትካል መሐተሚ መፃሕፍቲ

ቑ.ሳ.መ 21073

ኣዲስ ኣበባ፣ ኢትዮጵያ

ምስ ፕሮጀክት ምምሕያሽ ፅርየት ሓፈሻዊ ትምህርቲ (GEQIP) ዝተኣሰረ ውዕሊቑፅሪ

ET–MoE/GEQIP/IDA/ICB/G01/09

ISBN 978-99944-2-171-8
 ትሕዝቶ
ሓፈሻዊ መእተዊ ................................................................................................... i

ምዕራፍ 1 ክሳብ 100 ዘለዉ ሙሉእ ቁፅርታት ምድማርን ምጉዳልን ............... 1

1.1 ድግማ ክሳብ 100 ዘለዉ ሙሉእ ቁፅርታት ................................................... 2
1.2 ክሳብ 20 ዘለዉ ሙሉእ ቁፅርታት ምድማርን ምጉዳልን ................................ 12
1.3 ኣለኒ ዘይብሉ ምድማርን ብዘይምልቃሕ ምጉዳልን........................................ 22
1.4 በዓል ሓደ ኣሃዝ ቁፅሪ ምስ በዓል ክልተ ኣሃዝ ቁፅሪ ኣለኒ ዘለዎ ምድማርን
በዓል ሓደ ኣሃዝ ቁፅሪ ካብ በዓል ክልተ ኣሃዝ ቁፅሪ ብምልቃሕ ምጉዳልን ....... 31
1.5 በዓል ክልተ ኣሃዝ ቁፅርታት ኣለኒ ዘይብሉ ምድማርን ብዘይልቓሕ ምጉዳልን .... 42
1.6 በዓል ክልተ ኣሃዝ ቁፅርታት ኣለኒ ዘለዎ ምድማርን ብዘይልቓሕ ምጉዳልን ....... 46
1.7 ክሳብ 100 ብዘለዉ ሙሉእ ቁፅርታት ብምድማርን ብምጉዳልን ዝስርሑ ቃል
ግድላት ................................................................................................ 53

ምዕራፍ 2 ክሳብ 100 ኣብ ዘለዉ ቁፅርታት ምርባሕን ምምቃልን ........... 57

2.1 ድግማ ምርባሕ ብ2ን ብ10ን፣ ብዘይተረፍ ምምቃል ብ2 ን ብ10ን ............... 58
2.2 ብ 0 ን ብ 1ን ምርባሕን ን 1 ምምቃልን ................................................ 66
2.3 ምርባሕን ምምቃልን ብ3፣ 4፣ 5፣ 6፣ 7፣ 8 ን 9ን ................................... 69

ምዕራፍ 3 መዐቀንታት ............................................................... 90

3.1 ንውሓት ብሳንቲ ሜትርን ሜትርን ............................................................. 91
3.2 ምድማርን ምጉዳልን ንውሓት .................................................................. 93
3.3 ምዕቃን ትሕዝቶ ፈሳሲ ........................................................................... 94
3.4 ምድማርን ምጉዳልን ትሕዝቶ ፈሰስቲ ........................................................ 95
3.5 ምዕቃን ክብደት.................................................................................... 97
3.6 ምድማርን ምጉዳልን ክብደት .................................................................. 99

ምዕራፍ 4 ጉዚታት ................................................................. 101

4.1 ድግማ ፍርቂታትን ርባዓትን ................................................................... 102
4.2 ሲሶታት .............................................................................................. 103
4.3 ጉዚታት ብቑፅሪ ምግላፅ ....................................................................... 104

v
vi

ምዕራፍ 5 ክሳብ 1000 ዘለዉ ሙሉእ ቁፅርታት .................................... 107

5.1 ክሳብ 1000 ዘለዉ ርባሓት 100 ........................................................... 108
5.2 ካብ 101 ክሳብ 1000 ዘለዉ ሙሉእ ቁፅርታት ........................................ 111
5.3 ዋጋ ዓድታት ....................................................................................... 113
5.4 ቕደም ሰዓብ ክሳብ 1000 ዘለዉ ሙሉእ ቁፅርታት ................................... 116

ምዕራፍ 6 ነጥብታት፣ መስመራትን ቅርፅታትን ................................ 119

6.1 መስመሪ ብምጥቃም መስመር ምሕንፃፅ .................................................. 120
6.2 ሬክታንግል፣ ትርብዒት፣ ትሪያንግልን ክብን ............................................... 123
6.3 ኣብ ከባቢ ዝርከቡ ቅርፅታት .................................................................. 124

ምዕራፍ 7 ገንዘብ ................................................................... 126

7.1 ምድማርን ምጉዳልን ገንዘብ ................................................................. 127
7.2 ምዕዳግን ምሻጥን ............................................................................... 128

ምዕራፍ 8 ግዘ....................................................................... 131

8.1 ምፅዋዕ ግዘ ብፍርቂን ብርብዒን ሰዓት ..................................................... 132
8.2 ሰዓትን ደቒቓን ................................................................................. 133

ምዕራፍ 9 ኣተሓሕዛን ስርዓትን መረዳእታ ............................................ 135

9.1 ምእካብ ቀሊል መረዳእታ ...................................................................... 136
9.2 ሰደቓ ቀሊል መረዳእታ ........................................................................ 137
9.3 ቀሊል ስርዓት ቁፅርታትን ቅርፅታትን........................................................ 138

ፍልፍል መፃሕፍቲ ............................................................................................ 140

ሲለበስ ትምህርቲ ሒሳብ........................................................................................................ 141

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tM¦é ¨B qÄ¥Y KFl! KúB 100 zl Ñl#X q$}R¬T M‚$ÉRN KúB 20 Nzl
D¥ MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN t¥£éM X×MÝÝ ê§µ* nøM Ztgli# Ztm¦„ãM XNtón#
q$}R¬T BðdL MG§}N µLåT tws<tE msrt ˆúÆT MZ<áRN ¨gÄs! X†ÝÝ ¨Bz!
KLS ˆúB Xz! F§> µRD½ ¨B kÆb! ZRkb# ng‰T BM_”MN ¨B MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN
ZtmSrt$ ?è¬T BM¦BN tM¦é GN²båM k:B† M?UZ wúÂY t‰ kMZHLã
YXmNÝÝ
¨Bz! M:‰F Xz! nèM ¨B §:l! Ztgli# µB M_NáR N§:l! BMSUR MD¥RN
BML”? Mg#ÄLN XN tátEt$ X†ÝÝ

I    E E

 E   I -  ! E "Ý-

KúB 100 zlW Ñl#X q$}R¬T Y¡}„½ yNBb#½ Y}?ûN ywÄD„N

W}x!èM µB 100 N¬?tE Zón# Ñl#X q$}R¬T BMZR²R YDM„N
BzYML”? yg#Dl#N

b›L KLt ¨¦Z q$}R¬T BzYML”?N BML”?N yg#Dl#

RKB MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN YfL†

MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN BM_”M ”L GD§T YfT/#

1
2 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

! E #$% &

&' ()*
 ›Ä! ›sRtN ›Ä! ˆdN ZWKl# b›L KLt qlM ¥n#Pl@tEV
 bb!›sRt Zt-m„N BTN R}‰} :NiYtEN

 ÒRT¬T =rR q$}¶

 ¨ÆkS
 sdª ›D¬T q$}¶
 µLåT ¨B kÆb! ZRkb# ˆgZtE X¬ã¬T TMHRtE

+$, -.
            E 

1.1   100 !

! "#E  $%
nz! Nx#S RXs! Ztmdb /0 4
dr© BO›T
&23X
1 &23X Xz! 4U E6 E78  Ý-
KúB 100 zl Ñl#X q$}R¬T Y¡}„½ yNBb#N Y}?ûNÝÝ
ÂY q$}R¬T êU ›Ä! ˆdN ›Ä! ›sRtN ¨B sdª q$}¶ YfL†ÝÝ
KúB 100 zl Ñl#X q$}R¬T ywÄD„ÝÝ
KúB 100 zl Ñl#X q$}R¬T ‘<’ ‘>’N ‘=’N BM_”M ywÄD„ÝÝ
¨B =rR q$}¶ q$}R¬T BrDð y()-#ÝÝ
+$, -.
F§> µRD½ ¨B kÆb! ZRkb# ng‰T½ =rR q$}¶½ µB 1 KúB 100 zl Ñl#X
q$}R¬T zˆz sdª wYD¥ ÒRTN ¨ÆkSN
mXtêE
¨Bz! M:‰F Xz! tM¦é ¨B qÄ¥Y KFl! Ztm¦„ã MZ<áR ¨gÄs! X†ÝÝ Btwú,!
ÂY tM¦é KXlT MNÆBN M}ˆFN KNÄ!ZDl zYK,WN SlZ<XL ¨B fl¥ ZGbR
MZ<áR KúB 100 Nzl Ñl#X q$}R¬T M‚$ÉR½ MNÆBN M}ˆFN -mt ZHB
K,WN YGÆXÝÝ
49: 4  4
QDM KBL KúB 100 zl q$}R¬T NMM¦R MZ<áR kMzDl! Rx! nYRÂÝÝ ¨B
MZ<áR T,#rT KrKB ZGbå µLX q$MngR ›Ä! q$}R¬T X†ÝÝ Xz! D¥ q$}R¬T
 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 3

kmY kMZ²mÇN ¨ms‰R¬ ï¬N BZbli NMRÄX Y?GZÝÝ Xz! ¥lT ˆd q$}¶ ¨B
›Ä! q$}¶ ï¬ XNTOYR êU XtE q$}¶ kMZOyR NMGN²B Y?GZ X†ÝÝ NZbli GN²b
tM¦é B¨Bn¬T K?gz# MGÆR ¨gÄs! X†ÝÝ
¨BnT; ¨B 345½ 4 ¨B ›Ä! ›sRt SlZRkB êGx# 40 X†ÝÝ
¨B 435 GN 4 ¨B ›Ä! ¸x!tE SlZRkB êGx# 400 X†ÝÝ
¨B SR›t +}¶ XN_qmlÖM ¨¦²T 0 1 2 …  9 E%./½ b›L KLt ¨¦Z
q$}¶ Bˆd ›Ä! ˆd ZRkBN BáLX ›Ä! ›sRt ZRkBN ¨¦²T ZtmSrt X†ÝÝ
N¨BnT 38 b›L KLt ¨¦Z q$}¶ XNTóN½ 8 ¨¦Z ›Ä! ˆd 3 D¥ ¨¦Z ›Ä! ›sRt
X†ÝÝ Xz! ¥lT 38 3 ›sRt¬TN 8 ˆd¬TN /!z# ¨lÖ ¥lT X†ÝÝ
BúLúY dr© MZ<áR zDL× q$M ngR QdM s›B q$}R¬T X†ÝÝ nz! t,tEl# D¥
q$}R¬T BOdM s›B ¨B MO¥_ KLt q$}R¬T BMWDÄR ˆd µB µLX YNXS½
Y›b! wY D¥ ¥:r MáDñM KfL† BMGÆR BGb#X ntE ¨MR Z=b_ã M<ñM
MRGU} ¨D§‘ X†ÝÝ
1.1.1  KúB 100 zl Ñl#X q$}R¬T
49: 4  4
1. q$}R¬T ¨B il!M sl@Ä wY D¥ ¨B ÒRT BM}ˆF tM¦é kNBb# Gb„
2. ˆgZtE X¬ã¬T TMHRtE BM_”M tM¦é K¡}„ Gb„ÝÝ ÂY Ztwsn# ¨+/#
wY D¥ ng‰T m-NN bZ?N K}?û Gb„ÝÝ
3. KúB 100 zl q$}R¬T Zˆz ÒRT BM_”M q$}¶ BM}ê: tM¦é ¨BtE ÒRT
kmLKt$ BMGÆR tM¦é nèM q$}R¬T BZGÆX MF§×M MRGU}
4. KúB 100 zl q$}R¬T ¨B Zˆz ÒRT tM¦é kKLt XÂws,#½ qÉ!l# D¥
ˆˆÑ>t XÂws,# K¡}„ BMGÆRN µLåT q$}R¬T BMQYÃRN q$}R¬T
N<fL† ˆgZ MGÆR
5. KúB 100 zl q$}¶¬T ¨B Zˆz ÒRT tM¦é µB Z›by ÂB Zn¨s ¼N¨BnT
ˆÑ>t ˆÑ>t¼ X‚ns# K¡}„ MGÆR
6. B¨¦Z Zt3¦b# q$}R¬T BðdL K}?û½ BðdL Zt}ˆû D¥ B¨¦Z K}?û
MLM¥D
7. B¨¦Z Y,#N BðdL Zt}ˆû q$}R¬T kNBb# MGÆR
8. KúB 100 zl q$}R¬T ¨B Zˆz ÒRT q$}R¬T N+Lq$LN ¨GDMN kNBb#
MGÆR
9. F§> µRD BM_”M q$}R¬T MNÆB N<l¥mÇ MGÆR µB Bz#ˆT ¨gÆÆT
Ztwsn# X×MÝÝ
4 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

¨gÆB gMUM
1. ÂY ”L ?èÝ ¨B il!M sl@Ä ¼¨B F§> µRD¼ Zt}ˆû q$}R¬T kNBb# BMGÆR
¨BnTÝ h. 43 l. 67 /. 95
2. ¨B m}ˆF tM¦‰Y zl ?è¬T Kl¥mÇ ¼ KsR/#¼ BMGÆR
¨BnTÝ h. qÄ¥Y q$}¶ N 75 KNdY X†?
!.     47 6 E7?
3. B¨¦Z Zt}ˆû q$}R¬T BðdL½ BðdL Zt}ˆû q$}R¬T D¥ B¨¦Z K}?û
BMGÆR MGMUM Yk¨L X†ÝÝ
¨BnTÝ h. nøM ZS:b# q$}R¬T BðdL }ˆûÝÝ
1. 46 2. 60 3. 78 4. 92
l. nøM ZS:b# B¨¦Z }ˆûÝÝ
1. ˆMúN slStN 2. sB›N ¹W›tN 3. S¥NÃN >Ç>tN
mLs! NmLmÄ!¬T
898Ä!
898Ä! 1
tM¦é KúB 100 zl q$}R¬T Zˆz sdª ÂB dFtéM KGLB-# MGÆR½ ziGM
XNtóYn# D¥ ¨B ›B‘ ÒRT ¨Äl!,#M KL-F MGÆRÝÝ
Xz! MSfiÑ ¨B ÂY mjm¶Ã TRB›!T 1 BM}ˆF k#lÖM Æì שּׁT KmLx#
MGÆRÝÝ

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 5

nz! sdª Ml#X BMl#X KfL† NMGÆR XøM ZS:b# MS‰? Yk¨L X†ÝÝ
1. kKLt XÂsg„ K}?û MGÆR½
2. ˆˆÑ>t XÂsg„ K}?û MGÆR½
3. BmLK: iw¬ ÄY XÂdRb† KsR/# MGÆRÝ Xz! D¥ KNÄ! XtE ÄY MStdRby
Zw}X q$}¶ Z¨KL XÂsg„ XtE q$}¶ BM}ˆF Yl¥mÇÝÝ kMz! BMGÆR qÄ¥Y
Zwi K>lM BMGÆR XÂtwÄd„ KsR/# MGÆR Yk¨L X†ÝÝ
h. : 27   28 E7;; l. : 68 (< 67 E7;;
/. : 44   45 E7;;

=>? !8@ )A EB) =ED ) EFGH IJ$% )KL 9 E7;;
1. MNO PA )N3

2. E)QR ST! E:./ AU )A

3. V6 E)QK =.W + EE9E9 WH + 6XY) Q= Z69  L[
)A
4.  8FE$ =\VM] )A =^=> %G9 =\VJ O!) )A;;

898Ä!
898Ä! 2
E &$&= E +  E4>8? @A  B C D#D# EEF>" 1!
,G$4  DH ( E% E + 1 I &$E EJ I )IU #K
&$E EJ )* LM "  I 2NI #K  &(7O <4 P
Q8!O +  E4>8 EE@&" R F "4 !4D#DS ( T4
(U VB
l. 30 §ú /. 35 §úN ˆÑ>tN
m. 54 ˆMúN ¨RÆ:tN _. 66 SúN >Ç>tN
s. 68 SúN ¹äNtN ¹. 87 s¥NÃN ¹W›tN
. 92 t&S›N KLtN
&$&Ä!
&$&Ä! 3
E &$&= E  D XO &L Y +  .8Z
+  4YZ +  4,G$  ( 4K&[ (6V 2 &$&=
E% E &$&= E D# D# 8  $\ LR Y 1)36 E%
]! #K &$E EJ )* LM Y L'RB &^ 18 1#._
&A 4 &a4 2b 8)
6 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

1. H 6` Ea^) !;;

2. B Y? Zt}ˆû¿ 1½ 12½ 23½ 34½ 45½ 56½ 67½ 78½ 89½ 100 X×MÝÝ SlZón
nz!åM kNBb# Gb„ÝÝ
3. Bs¥ÃêE Zt}ˆû q$}R¬T BðdL iˆû
31 ú§úN ˆdN 37 ú§úN ¹W›tN
32 ú§úN KLtN 38 ú§úN ¹äNtN
33 s§úN slStN 39 ú§úN T>›tN
35 ú§úN ˆÑ>tN 40 ¨RB›
36 ú§úN >Ç>tN
4. B¡}lêY ?B¶ Zt}ˆû q$}R¬T BðdL XNT}ˆû¿
›sRt >Ç>t½ :S‰½ ˆMúN T>›tN½ SúN T>›tN½
sB›N ¨RÆ:tN½ s¥NÃN ˆdN½ t&S›N ¨RÆ:tN½ t&S›N ˆÑ>tN X×MÝÝ
1.1.2 DG¥ ›Ä!¬T q$}¶
Xz! Nx#S RXs! Xz! NMM¦R N_fT 1 KsR/# MGÆR Yk¨L X†ÝÝ
N_fT 1
Eb IJ% Eb E)QR  A$%  $% )N =c !8@ )A E7;;
1. ¨B il!M sl@Ä ‚$}¶ BM}ˆF tM¦é kNBb# BMGÆRÝÝ N¨BnT 34
 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 7

2. 34 q$R}‰} :NiYtE¬T MS tM¦é BMá*N q$i„¿ qÉ!Lk#M D¥ nèM

:NiYtE¬T bb!›sRt K-M„ãM BMGÆR KNdY _¥R b›L ›sRt KNdY D¥
zYt-m„ kMzl KfL†N K}?ûN Gb„¿
34 = 3 ›sRt¬T + 4 ˆd¬T
= 30 + 4
3. kMtE ¨B §:l! q¶b# zlÖ ¨BnT Ztf§l† b›L KLt ¨¦Z q$}R¬T BMDGUM
KsR/# MGÆR
4. KúB 100 zl Ñl#X q$}R¬T ¨B Zˆz ÒRT ›Ä! ›sRtEåM 2 Zón# KfL†
BMGÆR kNBb#N ¨B _‰øM K}?ûN Gb„ÝÝ K}?û XNtl D¥ B,Mz! ZS:B
¨gÆB NK}?û Gb„ÝÝ
23 = 2 ›sRt¬T + 3 ˆd¬T
= 20 + 3

wY D¥
›Ä!›sRt

›Ä! ˆd

2 3
5. ntE ¨B §:l! Z‚rb ¨gÆB N2 B3½4½ 5½ 6½ 7½ 8½ 9 BMTµX dUg!äM
KsR/# Gb„
µBøM ¨B §:l! tgl!òM zlW Btwú,! µLX ¨GÆB BM_”M MM¦R Yk¨L X†ÝÝ
m¥rÉ! 1Ý b›L KLt ql¥T ¼Ñl#X ?B¶ Nb›L ›sRt½ B›L mSmR Nb›L ˆd¼
BM_”M B,Mz! ZS:B ˆUz!E mM¦¶ MD§W Yk¨L X†ÝÝ
¨BnT

36 = 3 ›sRt¬T + 6 ˆd¬T
= 30 + 6
m¥rÉ! 2Ý ¨ÆkS ¼ÂY k#›ús# ?B¶ Ztf§ly MáN ¨gÄs! ¨Y÷nN¼
N¨BnTÝ
8 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

36 = 3 ›sRt¬T + 6 ˆd¬T
= 30 + 6
m¥rÉ! 3Ý µB K§sR ZtÄlw ÂY F§> µRD µk!
N¨BnTÝ

AE V6

25 = 2 ›sRt¬T + 5 ˆd¬T
= 20 + 5
2 N 5 ›Ä! ‚$}éM XNTqÃyR zS:ï lW-! XN¬Y K,WN Y<XL?
¨gÆB gMUM
tM¦é NMGMUM XøM ZS:b# KTF}Ñ T<Xl# x!,#MÝÝ
1. ÂY ”L ?èÝ m¥rÉ! 3 BM_”M ÂY ”L ?è BM¦B
2. ¨B m}ˆF tM¦‰Y zl mLmÄ!¬T Kl¥mÇN KsR/#N BMGÆR
3. sdª ›Ä!¬T q$}¶ BM_”M MGMUM Yk¨L X†ÝÝ
kM ¨BnTÝ
1. 45 BðdL }ˆûÝÝ
2. ¨B 37 êU ›Ä! ›sRt KNdY X†?
3. nz! ZS:B sdª MLx#ÝÝ


Q= Z69 AE$% V6$%

23
N V"OE
4 2

&$&Ä!
&$&Ä! 4
E &$= E  EE&jkl &$UB Y +  ,G$ . Z
,G$ 2V #K 1 . Z PUm4 +  no Q# + ' .
4K&[ D E% ]! 1 I &$E EJ I  LMB
Y 8P1$
 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 9

 A$% AE$% V6$%

B¨¦Z BðdL
38 §úN ¹äNtN 3 8
43 ¨RB›N slStN 4 3
97 t&S›N ¹W›tN 9 7
75 sB›N ˆÑ>tN 7 5
56 ˆMúN >Ç>tN 5 6
87 s¥NÃN ¹W›tN 8 7
93 t&S›N slStN 9 3
81 s¥NÃN ˆdN 8 1

1.1.3 MWDÄR q$}R¬T

 A$% )3A   Me EfR) Eg);; EE.W  8 ha a3
b =8QA] iE )3A =^!\ )N3 )EH j9] IJ% 2 AU
)A )TA 9 E7;;
N_fT 2
Eb IJ% Eb   A$% )3A =kl) E7;;

49: 4  4

 A$% )3A m_A    )In) 9 E7;; 8_% Eb  A$%
8 ) Fc G9HO) p AI I:;;

1. ¨B il!M sl@Ä =rR q$}¶ BMS¨L MWDÄR q$}R¬T ¨RXYãMÝÝ

N¨BnTÝ 9 µB 7 Ny¥N SlZRkB 7 < 9
7 > 3 M<NÃt$ 7 µB 3 Ny¥N SlZRkB X†ÝÝ
2. KLt q$}R¬T XNTwÄd„ ›Ä! ›sRt ÂYtE qÄ¥Y q$}¶ µB ›Ä! ›sRt ÂYtE
µL¨Y q$}¶ XNtbl!i# XtE (Ä¥Y q$}¶ Z›by X†ÝÝ ›Ä! ›sRt zl q$}R¬T
¥:r XNtóYñM D¥ ›Ä! ˆd zl nwÄDR;;
¨BnT 1;- 43 > 39 )<st m_A t-‚EM ›Ä! ›sRt zl q$}R¬T
XNTnwÄDR 4 > 3 SlZón X†ÝÝ
¨BnT 2;- 67 < 69 M<NÃt$ ›Ä! ›sRt zl q$}R¬T ¥:r SlZón# ›Ä! ˆd
zl nwÄDRÝÝ ›Ä! ˆd zl XNTnwÄDR D¥ 7 < 9 X†;;
10 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

3.  )In)  )3A )=9 AE7 )A Du E7;;

W%v 46 55 )3 LL  E%AEg )b =E a3;;

AE$% V6$% AE$% V6$%

AE !3 en$% E%w R)   4  P9  5 !;; !b
EH h9    !% E7;;

!b 46 < 55

¨gÆB gMUM
1 p E  q 100 m +  P23#"4 $ <Z =Z 28
#K > EE@rs )$^4  8 ]! #K
1. ¨B m}ˆF tM¦‰Y zlዉ mLmÄ!¬T KsR/# BMGÆር

2. MS mLmÄ!¬T tmúsLtE Zón# tws<tE ?è¬T KsR/# BMGÆR MGMUM

Yk¨LÝÝ P 1! !t EV 18 8P1$
1. nøM ZS:b# ¨wÄD„ÝÝ
h. 25 35 l. 62 80 /. 23 32
2. t EV uv ]! + ' 1uV

w 32 > 33
30

34

 77 < 67

78
87
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 11

898Ä!
898Ä! 5
E &$&= E  +  P23#"Z $ <Z =Z 28 #K > 9\s4
+   !1L E Qk4  Qk E !1L4 zG LQ LU4
4Y 32 E% ]! q D &"B 1  E D#D#
8  $\ LR VE 8| 4  E &$&= E &$E EJ )*
  m$\ LM Y DO 18 1#._ &}|I
 1#._ E% DO 184 &}|I #D' 4 2q~ DO
  1 I € ]8 &jkl Y k#I 1 &23E
#K +  P&8 P23#" &@‚I  VE 8| 4

1.
l. 61 > 52½ /. 22 < 23½ m. 14 > 13½ _. 48 < 70½ . 77 > 68½ ¹.
35 > 27½ q. 43 > 19½ b. 55 > 43
2. x. 19 33 4382  93 !. 28 45 7380 87

3. x. 5334 37 2827 . 94 Z78Z 66Z 63Z45

! YE #D' R \ƒ „ &$&= 6 LM Y 8P1$ E

&$&= E !? no q4[z ( ) + '  †4‡ EO nab m
&^ Y 1  #3 +  B 4* LD 4Y E%
]! 1 I &$E EJ I  LM Y4 L'R  2#U
#K 2Lˆ  E L‰3 2^4 LM4 Y 2q~ &a 
8P1$

898Ä!
898Ä! 6
E &$&= E  2V +  &L ( $  #3
 :$%4 !? 2 + ' PuV4 Y 1  #3 +  B
zQ ( $ 4Y Q& E% ]!  YE„ m$\ LM
Y 1 &23E &a 2b 8)
x. 15 < 17 13 12

!. 33 < 24 42 31

>. < 48 84 36 50

8. < 72 84 72 59

_. < 68 55 72 69
12 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

1.2 KúB 20 zl

zl q$}¶¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN
nz! Nx#S RXs! Ztmdb /0 4
dr© BO›T
1 &23X Xz! 4U E6 E78  Ý-
DMéM µB 20 N¬?tE Zón# KLt Ñl#X q$}R¬T + N = BM_”M ySL/#
W}x!èM µB 20 N¬?tE Zón FLLY KLt Ñl#X q$}¶¬T − N = BM_”M
YGB-#
KúB 20 BzlW Ñl#X q$}¶¬T BMD¥RN BMg#ÄLN Ztf§l† ”L GD§T
YfT/#¿  1 q 5 m 1* k4V
+$ð
+$ð -. 0 Š + 'Z CqY‹ sX (qZ ttµx!
mXtêE
Ab U )EKM Eb E)QR iE )A   Me =E8Qc] 6"
Eg);;
49: 4  4
¨Bz! Nx#S M:‰F Xz! tM¦é ¨B qÄ¥Y KFl! ZtM¦„ãM ²:ƬT MD¥R KZK„
BMGÆR MJ¥R Yk¨LÝÝ nz! D¥ KúB 20 zl q$}R¬T BZbli KGNzb#N MS
kÆb!åM zl ng‰T BMTXSúR KRDx#N MGÆR ¨gÄs! X†ÝÝ

1.2.1 DማéM µB 20 N¬?tE Zón# Ñl#X q$}R¬T MD¥R

¨B qÄ¥Y KFl! ZtM¦Rã SlZón BDG¥ mLK: Km¦„ MGÆR X,#L K,WN
Y<XL X†ÝÝ NDG¥ BZ_:M ¨gÆB ¨ማ¦H‰ Xz! ZS:B ¨B GMT MX¬W ¨D§‘
K,WN Y<XL X†ÝÝ

49: 4  4

Xz! RXs! Xz! NMM¦R ¨B kÆb! ZRkb# X¬ã¬T ˆgZtE TMHRtE M_”M N¨BnT
bb! ›sRt Zt-m„ q$R}‰} :NiYtE¼½ =rR q$}¶½ iiRN ¨ÆkSN M_”M XtE DG¥
Z‚ll YgBéÝÝ !O (  DO #K N uV4 E
1L( E K&[4 Y k#I E 4N4 ^H =! 89U ))QA
 Eb =E p )In) 9;;
1. zRz!Rµ BM’$ÉR
¨B m}ˆF tM¦‰Y µB Zt3¦b mLmÄ! Btwú,! XøM ZS:b# ¨gÆÆT
DG¥ M_”M Yk¨L X†ÝÝ

¨B 7½ 5 XNTWs< 12 X†ÝÝ
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 13

12 > 7
12 > 5
5 + 7 = 12
Eb p Eb LL )+}A A )AP GE9 8_~ E7;;
2. Xk#B D¥RN tdmRTN
Xk#B D¥R ÂY tM¦é ÂY M?úB t<XlÖ KM:bL µB M?UZ Btwú,!
Ä?‰Y NZm¦„ã ¨MR MD¥R BMSUR Zl›l dgF ZgBR X†ÝÝ SlZón D¥
g§É! DMR Xk#B BMQYÃR Ztf§l† ¨Bn¬T KsR/# BMGÆR tM¦é K?gz#
MGÆR ¨D§‘ X†ÝÝ

Xk#B DMR 5 Xk#B DMR 7

0 + 5 0 + 7
1 + 4 1 + 6
2 + 3 2 + 5
3 + 2 3 + 4
4 + 1 4 + 3
5 + 0 5 + 2
6 + 1
7 + 0
3. iiR BM_”M XWN MD¥R B,Mz! ZS:B MM¦R Yk¨L X†ÝÝ

8 + 6
8 ++ 64
10

14
µBøM L:L KBL q¶ïM zlý ²gÆÆTN msrt ˆúÆTN D¥R KLt q$}R¬T
BZtf§ly ¨gÆB MRµB kMZ<Xl# µB M?ÆR N§:l! D¥éM ˆd q$}¶ Zón#
tdmRtE MF§Y NKJM„ D¥ :DL ZHB X†ÝÝ Xz! NM_NáR twú,! ¨BnTN
mLmÄ! 7N M¦B Yk¨LÝÝ
14 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

898Ä!
898Ä! 7
XèM ii‰T wYD¥ q$R}‰} :NiYT¬T BM_”M KsR/# Gb„ÝÝ
>. 9 + 8 = 17 _. 15 + 4 = 19

8. 11 + 6 = 17 . 7 + 12 = 19
nz!åM BZGÆX MS sR/# D¥ D¥éM µB 20 zYbLi# q$}R¬T KDM„N D¥R
?D?D m¥rÉ! KfL†N MXNtE mLmÄ! 8 BmLK: :× g² KsR/# MGÆR µLåT
ˆgZtE XýN Kr<b# :DL ZHB SlZón tm‰É! X†ÝÝ Slz! :× g² Kw¦M YgbRÝÝ

898Ä!
898Ä! 8
Xz! XNTsR/# tM¦é BmdÄ ÂY MM§X ZNÆl ky?D„ M_N”O Gb#X X†ÝÝ Xs#
D¥ BZtf§ly ¨NfT KDM„ K<Xl# ¨lãMÝÝ
+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

¨gÆB gMUM
u % E)QR b A€ Eb R)  20 =./  A$% )A GE# E7;;
Eb u % Eb ))) =EJN7 p% )In) 9;; PB) ‚N$% 
V~A JE: )Q ))) EH V6 E7;; Pb EFƒ
1. ¨B ÂY tM¦‰Y m}ˆF zl mLmÄ!¬T Kl¥mÇN KsR/#N MGÆRv
2. nèM ¨B §:l! tgl!òM zl ¨gÆÆT BM_”M Ztf§l† ?è¬T KsR/# MGÆR
Zbl# kM ˆbʬ MWúD Yk¨L„
 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 15

) W%;
1. WB) =ED L}}% \\A F  A K E\H )In) E:w\A ) 6)c;;
x. 9 + 7 !. 3 + 8 >. 7 + 6
2. WB) =ED n9 ) 6)c
x. 4 + 8 !. 7 + 2 >. 9 + 6
Pb  NEe E†fD ‡ EFƒ
3. 7 + 5 =
4. 6 7 E%8c 6 ./?
5. : 9 EE6 5 FˆG: 6 a3?
=8# L‰$% )Q EH 6` EkŠY) )9‹ )A 9 E7;;

Wb =E )E!8@ iE m_A  8 ha )Q m_A   )A

Œ  )S9 I 8# )GE9 8Af )Q e;; 8Ž8A$ m_A 
 )A 8 )EI 8# ))QA e;; Wb   8 VM E)QK ‡
W% ) 8EE )In) N 8Af )Q E;; Eb ) AU 898
 898 9 ! L‰$% )A m_A  )In) )c 89E Eg Me
)Q 9;; m_A  EkŠ): )In) L‰ )A )KL P‰) E68AH
P V U )TA H P9 E6 =9 :  p )h =A 
A E‰) 9E  A$% )=.W  D )A E;; b  Eb EE
W$% =Ju@ ‘’) E)QR E:F U  “ AU )A EEEfR)
=! ! 8_E$ j# pA;;

898Ä!
898Ä! 9

!.

>
.
16 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

8.

!. 12 + 7 = 19 >. 3 + 15 = 18 8. 5 + 4 = 9

898Ä!
898Ä! 10
tM¦é HNÉ DMR BM_”M ?è¬T MD¥R Kl¥mÇ MGÆR Zl›l _O¸ ¨lãÝÝ
Xz! XNTgB„ ÂY KLt tdmRtE q$}R¬T W}x!T ¨B W>-! L:l!åM zlÖ úi#N
MSzlÖ q$}¶ ¥:r Má*n# MRGU} Gb#X X†ÝÝ

15 19
!. >.
9 6 10 9
4 5 1 8 2 7

20
8.
12 8

6 6 2
898Ä!
898Ä! 11
E &$&= E &Ž& #K +   DO  #3 LM
4Y 32 &$&= E% ]! &Ž& (G DO 1 L‰3  (
 YE„ $ " 1 P8= &$ 18 1#._  &}|I
j  2Lˆ 2Lu? 1! VB zN$ #K &$E EJ I
!t 1 &$&= 11 m DO #K LM "

2. x. 10 ___< ____ 9 + 6 8. 5 + 3 ___>____ 7

!. 16 ___>___ 11 + 4 _. 10 __< ____ 9 + 2

>. 8 ___< ____ 3 + 6 . 9 ____=___ 2 + 7

898Ä!
898Ä! 12
b  Eb iE † Z69 8Af )Q e GE! E7;; !=.W † A 
@u )E$3 EEPI )Q !]) A 8!~ QD]);; )u}9  
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 17

LL L‰ ‡ † x 697 peO) 89E Eg Me peO)  89E Eg pi

AU ^c;;  8FE$ 8k`!e QD]);;
1. êU h
x. 11 + 7 = 18 !. 7 + 8 = 15

>. 6 + 0 = 6 8. 13 + 5 = 18

2. ÂY h + l † Dl†ÝÝ

H l h + l
6 13 19
7 9 16
8 11 19
17 0 17

1.2.2  )S9  20 !

! "#E  A$%
KúB 20 ¨B zl q$}R¬T SL/!T Mg#ÄL t¥£éM MNÆéM YZkRÝÝ ?z! D¥
BZtwsn dr© DG¥ KRX† MGÆR ¨D§‘ X†ÝÝ

49: 4  4

Wb  Eb )KL IJ% 3 AU )A 9 E7;; Eb IJ%  ST!
AU ^c;; Eb IJ% Eb P V6 8^pˆ  L % =EFW  EEa”)
E$ )=_GD  AI 8p 8Qc iE )S9 =^!\ i^ j9]) =pA
E7;;
1. =rR q$}¶ BM_”M ²:ƬT Mg#ÄL MM¦R Yk¨L X†ÝÝ
¨BnT;- 16 – 7

!b 16 – 7 = 9
2. m_A q$}¶ kYt-‚Ñ µBtE Ztw¦b q$} ¶ ND?¶T BMZR²R XÂiˆû KNÄ!
t‚ÂúY q$}¶ Z¨KL MS iˆû ZRkB q$}¶ ÂY Mg#ÄL W}x!T X† Z,WNÝÝ
18 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

N¨BnT;- 15 – 6
15 14 13 12 11 10 9
3. kM µLX m¥rÉ! D¥ sdª MD¥R BM_”M ?è¬T Mg#ÄL MS‰? Yk¨L
X†ÝÝ
N¨BnT;- ¨g#Dl# 17 − 9
¨B sdª MD¥R kMZtmLkt 9 + 8 = 17 X†ÝÝ !b
17 − 9 = 8
Btmúúl! ¨gÆB 17 − 8 = 9 x!Lµ KWsD Yk¨L X†ÝÝ
¨s‰Rˆ– Xz! ¨gÆB sdª q$}¶ t-ŠY) ?è¬T NMF¬? µB t‚ÂúY q$}¶
BMBUS ÂB ¯n! W}x!T KúB Zr<b# YÙ›z#ÝÝ W}x!T D¥R MSr,b# ÂB §:l!
g} BMáD XtE ZDl ÂY Mg#ÄL mLs! Yr<b# ¥lT X†ÝÝ Xz! ZS:B ¨BnT
BMR¨Y tws<tE ?è¬T KsR/# Gb„ÝÝ

4. Z_qÑl# ¨gÆB bzygDS nøM ZS:b# ?è¬T kM ¨BnT KsR/# XNtZGbR Z/¹
X†ÝÝ tM¦é B›RsDLyèM KsR/# D?¶ MGÆR GN Ztf§l† ¨gÆÆT kmY
kMZTGb„ KGNzb# MGÆR ˆUz! X† K,WNÝÝ N¨BnT nz! ZS:B ?è Mg#ÄL
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 19

tM¦é ¨‚Ä!äM ÂY MD¥R ?è BMS‰? ntE Mg#ÄL KMLs# MGÆR Yk¨L

X†ÝÝ
19 − m = 7 (Xz! NKsR/# fl¥ 7+ m = 19 NKsR/# XNtZGbR ng‰T K‚l#
Y<Xl# X×MÝÝ)
¨gÆB gMUM
b A€ Eb ‡ u % E)QR ))) =EJN7 p% )In) 9;;
EE.W :
1. =rR q$}¶ NM_”M wY D¥ ÂB D?¶T q$}R¬T BM}ˆF ÂY Mg#ÄL
?è¬T KsR/# MGÆR
2. sdª Mg#ÄL BM_”M B,Mz! ¨B ¬?tE tgl!i# zlÖ sdª Mg#ÄL BM_”M
BiUM zlÖ q$}¶ ê XNTóN NUDM zlÖ q$}¶ D¥ t‚Âs! Má*n# KGNzb#
BMGÆR½ Xz! MSgbRk#M ?è¬T Mg#ÄL sdª Mg#ÄL BM_”M KsR/# MGÆR
Yk¨L X†ÝÝ

– 1 0 8 4 7
14
17
9
11
20
3. µB Xk#B tdmRtE ˆd q$}¶ BMBUS ?è¬T Mg#ÄL KsR/# BMGÆR ²:Æ
Mg#ÄL KsR/# MGÆR Yk¨LÝÝ

Xk#B tdmRtE 7
0 + 7
1 + 6
2 + 5
3 + 4
4 + 3
5 + 2
6 + 1
7 + 0
20 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

¨BnT;- 1 + 6 = 7 Má*n# D?¶ MR¨Y XøM ZS:b# M?¬T Yk¨L X†ÝÝ

x. 7 – 1 = 6
!. 7 – 6 = 1
>. 17 – 6 = (10 + 7) – 6
= 10 + (7 – 6 )
= 10 + 1 = 11
 8FE$ =EF/ L‰$% )S9 )Q ))) 9;; ) W% WB)
=ED )A 9;;
WB) =ED S#;;
x. 19 − 5 !. 17 − 8 >. 18 − 6
mLmÄ! 13
9E9 9 m_A  )In) iE )S9 8Qc EpA7 E7;; Lb  m_A
 Ek(" L‰$% )S9 )9‹ p KALU ^AQ‡) )A e;;
Eb )A 9E ) m_A  P 8S6e  ™e !  A$% =A=c
)A 89ˆ )AP )=GE# )LA e;; Wb =L=  8 VM E)QK ‡
W% )In) 9;; Eb =E ) V^A )  E)QR L‰$% 898 13
89E Eg pi AU )A =^!\ !8@ E9 QD]);;  š) ) 8›
 8A_)$ 8Ehae ) NWt QD]);;
!. 17 – 6 = 11 >. 14 – 6 = 8 8. 13 – 7 = 6
_. 19 – 5 = 14 . 19 – 4 = 15 ?. 17 – 4 = 13

898Ä!
898Ä! 14
E &$&= E no ,G$ 3$  &" E% 3$%  O
E%B >4M DO 3$ :k 8‘!   $’ LM
&$E EJ I   ˆ " EEt“ #K 49:O 1% 1
&23E 2Lˆ  EE2 U LM Y 1#._ &a  8P1$
1. ÂY h † Dl†v
x. 11 − 7 = 9 !. 17 - 5 = 12

>. 6 − 0 = 6 8. 19 − 3 = 16
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 21

2. : h − l † Dl†

h l h − l

13 6 7

18 9 9

18 3 15

17 0 17

1.2.3 KúB 20 Bzl

Bzl q$}R¬T ZSR/# ”L GD§T
49: 4  4
1. tM¦é ¨B ”L GD§T zU_MãM KLt ig¥T ¨lÝÝ XtE ˆd Z¥:bl ÂY
MNÆB LMÄ! zYMH§W XNTóN XtE µL¨Y D¥ B}/#F Zt3¦b ”L GDL
ÂB /!úÆêE T?Zè MOÃR zYM<¨L X†ÝÝ SlZón ¨Bz! XêN Xz! tM¦é Zl›l
dgF Kr<b# T}b!T YGbRÝÝ Xz! XNTF}Ñ D¥ mLs# Ñl#X q$}¶ Z,WNN XtE
”L GDL D¥ B‚rÆ ¨B kÆb!åM MS ZRkB g#ÄÃT ZttˆˆzN nèM tM¦é
TRg#M ZHBN K,WN YGÆXÝÝ Xz! NMM¦R mjmR¬ qlLtE ”L GD§T
BM¦B tM¦é B²:Æ ”L GDL zlãM ¨r¨Xà ˆF KBLN ›Rs XMnT k?D„N
MGÆR ¨D§‘ X†ÝÝ kM ¨BnTÝ BR 2 ¨B x!D ˆl!¥ nY„ÝÝ BR 3 ˆê
XNt£b#ê KNdY BR Yón§? ZBL ?è BM?¬T mLîM MS¥:ÝÝ mLîM
T<KL K,WN Y<XLÝÝ Y”N XMbR B,mY YS‰?? ZBL ?è BM?¬T ÂB
/!úÆêE Ml#X ˆúB MOÃR KbR¦lÖM MGÆR yDl!ÝÝ bz! ¨gÆB Xz! dr© ”L
GDL XÂsF/N tdmRtE q$}R¬T X›b† K,Ç BMGÆR Kl¥mÇ MGÆR Gb#X
X†ÝÝ BMOÉL ¨B m}ˆF tM¦‰Y zlÖ ¨BnT BMG§}N BMB‰HN XèM
Ztrû ”L GD§T BmLK: :× g#Jl XÂtmÃy-# KsR/# Gb„ÝÝ ¨B mwÄX¬
D¥ ¨B ?D?D ZHLãM KFtT BMR¨Y ¨D§‘ ˆbʬN bMR£N Yw¦ïMÝÝ
kkM k#n¬t$ µLåT MS kÆb!åM Z,Ç tws<tE ”L GD§T BM¦B BmLK:
:× g² KsR/# MGÆR Zl›l rBˆ ¨lãÝÝ

¨gÆB gMUM
b A€ Eb u % E)QR )M$O EB) =ED )M}) 9;;
1. ÂY ”L ?è M?¬T
22 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

2. ÂY ”L ?è B/!úB KgLi# MGÆR

3. Ztf§l† ”L GD§T BM¦B KfT/#N KsR/#N MGÆRÝÝ
¨BnTÝ nøM ZS:b# ”L GD§T FT/#ÝÝ
1. ¨Yt mˆmD slSt ¨§?M nYrNåMÝÝ Nû: s‰?t¾ SlZón# 4 ¨§?M ›Ä!¯MÝÝ
KNdY ¨§?M ¨lwåM?
2. ÑzY ¨B ˆd ˆÉ!R ft 7 r,!b#ÝÝ ¨B µL¨Y ˆÉ!R ft D¥ 8 r,!b#ÝÝ Bˆfš
KNdY n_b! r,!b#?

mLmÄ! 15
9E9 9 ) =Ep!\ LL L‰ 89E Eg ST! E:E8sœ AU ^c;;
2. 8 + 4 = 12 3. 15 – 6 = 9 4. 11 + 9 = 20
5. 13 + 5 = 18

1.3  )A )A  )9nL )S9

nz! Nx#S RXs! Ztmdb /0 7
dr© BO›T
1 &23X Xz! 4U E6 E78  Ý-
b›L ˆd çÿ MS b›L KLt çÿ BzYMSUR YDM„ÝÝ
b›L ˆd çÿ µB b›L KLt çÿ BzYML”? yg#Dl#ÝÝ
W}x!¬T Mg#ÄL BMD¥R YgLi#ÝÝ
b›L ˆd çÿ MS b›L KLt çÿ BMD¥R ZFT/# ”L GD§T YfT/#ÝÝ
b›L ˆd çÿ µB b›L KLt çÿ BMg#ÄL ZFT/# ”L GD§T YfT/#ÝÝ
+$ð
+$ð -. 0 8o #KZ 8$-D 3$
mXtêE
¨Bz! Nx#S M:‰F Xz! tM¦é KúB 100 Bzl Ñl#X q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN
KsR/# X×MÝÝ QDM KBL ZtM¦„ãM ²:ƬT MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN KúB 20 zl
q$}¶¬T ¨Bz! Zl›l _O¸ ¨lãMÝÝ SlZón D¥ KúB 20 Bzl q$}R¬T
ZtM¦„ãM ²:ƬT MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN MZ<áR ¨gÄs! X†ÝÝ D<mT zRX† tM¦é
XNtl!×M QD¸ ÂBz! Nx#S M:‰F Xz! MSUéM tdUU¸ S‰?tE BM¦B QDM
KBL Ztm¦„ãM q$M ng‰T KZK„½ KGNzb#N KRDx#N MGÆR Z/¹ X†ÝÝ
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 23

49: 4  4

Xz! Nx#S M:‰F Xz! ¨B b›L ˆd çÿ MS b›L KLt çÿ BzYMSUR MD¥RN b›L
ˆd çÿ µB b›L KLt çÿ BzYML”? Mg#ÄLN ztk#R MSMá*n# NtM¦é Zw¦b#
?è¬T µBz! T?Zè Xz! wÉx! NkYón# _N”‚ MGÆR ¨D§‘ X†ÝÝ
¨Bz! dr© Xz! tM¦é KXlT MS§? BZGÆX KGNzb# SlzlãM sdª ›Ä!¬T q$}¶
M_”M Zl›l dgF KgBR X†ÝÝ QD¸ ÂB ›Ä!¬T q$}¶ MáD GN ²:ƬT MD¥R
Y,#N Mg#ÄL MS kÆb!åM MS zlÖ k#n¬T BMTXSúR BZbli KRDx# MGÆR ¨D§‘
X†ÝÝ Xz! XNTGbR GN tdUU¸ LMMD dgû :z#Z SlZ,WN tM¦é bZ/! zlãM
?è¬T KsR/# MGÆR -ª¸ X†ÝÝ

1.3.1 b›L ˆd çÿ MS b›L KLt çÿ BzYMSUR MD¥R

Eb U AEˆ Eb IJ% 4 AU )A )TA 9 E7;;

49: 4
b IJ% Eb m_A  )In) a8 AU )=GE# AU V=]);;

)u}9   )In) )c ^c;;

49: 4  4

1. B‚ÄMnT b›L ˆd ¨¦Z q$}¶ MS RƈT 10 MD¥R Kl¥mÇ Gb„ãMÝÝ ¨Bz!
bb!›sRt Zt-m„ :NiYtE¬T M_”M Yk¨L X†ÝÝ
2. µB -Nµ‰ wr‚T wY D¥ ?B¶ Ztl,† wrªOtE ZSR/# KLt ›YnT ?B¶
zlãM wrªOtE wY D¥ qlM Ztl,† q$R}‰} :NiYtE¬T BM_”M tM¦é
²:ƬT MD¥R Km¦„N Kl¥mÇN MGÆR Yk¨L X†ÝÝ N›sRt¬TN Nˆd¬TN
Ztf§l† ql¥T XNtt-‚Mk#M Z/¹ X†ÝÝ
¨BnT;- 63 + 5

63 + 5

60 + 8
= 68
24 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

3. ›Ä!¬T q$}¶ BM_”M MD¥R xSR/#ãMÝÝ ¨Bz! ›Ä! ˆd zl q$}¶¬T

BmSR: ¨B ›Ä! ˆd Zt‚m-# Má*ñM Lb! KBl# Gb„ÝÝ M<NÃt$ mSRâM
/!øM BzYMO¥õM tM¦é KUg† SlZ<Xl# X†ÝÝ
¨BnT;-

AE
V6
7 0
+ 8

4. B›sRt¬TN Bˆd¬TN q$Lq$L MD¥R BZGÆX Kl¥mÇ Gb„„

¨BnT;- 35 + 4
30 + 5 35
+4 !b + 4
30 + 9 = 39 39

¨gÆB gMUM
tM¦é KNdY Z¨KL kMZtrdåM bøM ZS:b# ¨gÆÆT MGMUM Yk¨L X†ÝÝ
1. ÂY ”L ?è– b›L ˆd ¨¦Z MS RƈT 10 MD¥R B”L MGMUM Yk¨L
X†ÝÝ

2. MS ¨B m}ˆF tM¦‰Y zl mLmÄ!¬T tmúsLtE Zón# tws<tE ?è¬TN

mLmÄ!¬TN BM¦BÝÝ ¨BnTÝ
WB) =ED 6)c;;
x. 40 + 5 !. 90 + 3 >. 20 + 6 8. 60 + 8

3. ›Ä! ˆd MS ›Ä! ˆd½ ›Ä! ›sRt D¥ MS ›Ä! ›sRt BmSR: k‚M-# MGÆRN
MS ¨‚m-# D¥ N‚$Lq$L KDM„ BMGÆR„
W%; WB) =ED 6)c;;
AE
V6

6 0
+ 9
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 25

4. PbO) EFƒ  898 16  898 19 ! L‰$% E

p)) )In) 9;;
898Ä!
898Ä! 16
Eb 898 Eb P V6 E6 )TA :  )+}A A _GD =GE##
898 E7;; !=.W peO) 89E Eg Me peO)  89E Eg pi )Q
AU]) ^c;;
>. 19 8. 29 _. 38 . 47 ?. 56
. 71 ^. 77 E. 84 . 92
898Ä!
898Ä! 17
Eb E68AH  $%  )N ^ )A A =_GD# E7;; 
8 VM E)QK ‡ W%  U )A LL E)QK 9 W‰) L‰$%
AL EE=^A =>? E7;;
2 x. 29 !. 34 >. 59 8. 60 _. 66
. 68 ?. 74 . 78 ^. 86 E. 98
898Ä!
898Ä! 18
Eb 9E9 9 ^  =W^_ p )A E6 .) E68AH  A$% ^ !])
^=ž  %G9 )uI DE Ÿ%O) )A /%Œ9 )A/ =!8@#
898 E7;; !=.W =EF/ W$% )Q =E_[ 89E Eg pi AU
p^A;;
2 x. 37 !. 79 >. 29 8. 39 _. 48
. 27 ?. 29 . 39 ^. 89
898Ä!
898Ä! 19
Eb E‰) 9E9 9 =Ek("‡) p% 8_% pR) p 6)K 8k`!e
jD VJ¡ L‰$% )A k`9## 898 E7;; !=.W ST!
E:E8sœ V% E:M!+ 86)6)$ E:QD AU )A  8FE$
DE 8k`!e FQŸ) E;;
3 x. 59 !. 69 >. 37 8. 59 _. 89
. 35 ?. 68 . 79
1.3.2 b›L ˆd •– µB b›L KLt çÿ BzYML”? Mg#ÄL
Eb U AEˆ Eb ))QA 8Ž8 s EB) =ED ) 8EE )In) 9 E7;;

49: 4  4

1. µB -Nµ‰ wr‚T wY D¥ ?B¶ Ztl,† wrªOtE ZSR/# KLt ›YnT ?B¶

zlãM w_ªOtE wY D¥ qlM Ztl,† q$R}‰} :NiYtE¬T BM_”M tM¦é
26 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

²:ƬT Mg#ÄL Km¦„N Kl¥mÇN MGÆR Yk¨L X†ÝÝ N›sRt¬TN

Nˆd¬TN Ztf§l† ql¥T XNtt-‚Mk#M Z/¹ X†ÝÝ
¨BnT;- 65 − 3

65 − 3

60 + 5 − 3
= 60 + 2
= 62

2. B›sRt¬TN Bˆd¬TN BmSR: BMO¥_ q$Lq$L Mg#ÄL KfL-#N KsR/#N

MGÆR ¨gÄs! X†ÝÝ
¨BnT;- 35 - 4

30 + 5 35
−4 !b − 4
30 + 1 = 31 31

3. ›Ä!¬T q$}¶ BM_”M Mg#ÄL Kl¥mÇ Gb„ÝÝ Xz! XNTgB„ ›Ä! ˆd MS ›Ä!
ˆd½ ›Ä! ›sRt D¥ MS ›Ä! ›sRt BmSR: Zt‚m-# Má*ñM krUGi# Gb„ÝÝ
D?¶z! D¥ Ztf§l† ?è¬T KsR/# MGÆR BZbli KRDx#ã Y?GZ X†ÝÝ
¨BnT;- 57
− 2
55

¨gÆB gMUM
b A€ Eb u % E)QR ))) =EJN!7 p% )In) =9 E¢
EE.W;
1. MS ¨B m}ˆF tM¦‰Y zl mLmÄ!¬T tmúsLtE Zón# tws<tE ?è¬TN
mLmÄ!¬TN BM¦BN፣ 1!
S#
x. 36 − 3 x. 48 − 8 x. 79 − 7
2. ›Ä! ˆd MS ›Ä! ˆd½ ›Ä! ›sRt D¥ MS ›Ä! ›sRt BmSR: k‚M-# MGÆRN
MS ¨‚m-# D¥ N‚$Lq$L kg#Dl# BMGÆRN MGMUM Yk¨L„ W%;
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 27

S#

AE
V6
7 6
− 5

 8FE$  898$% 20  21 ! L‰$% )In) ))) 9;;

898Ä!
898Ä! 20
Eb 898 Eb L‰ )S9 )%$ ) VM 8S6e P V6 ‡ S#
AE ‡  ) !] F@ )A L‰$% )S9 ^ 9 V6   P
^ 9 9E   AU )L= =E!F E7;; !=.W peU 89E Eg Me
peU  89E Eg pi AU )A 9;;
2 x. 27 !. 77 >. 25 8. 33 _. 31
. 84 ?. 24 . 42 ^. 31
4 x. 35 !. 91 >. 41 8. 53 _. 71 . 21

898Ä!
898Ä! 21
898 21 =EFQD L‰$% )S9  $%  ) VM ^ S# ^b
p Eb  )S9 !8@ )A =E!F E7;; Eb E 9E 9E9 9
=Ep!\ p ))QA 9;;
x. 33 !. 34 >. 53 8. 73
_. 83 . 51 ?. 61 . 62

1.3.3 ÂY Mg#ÄL W}x!¬T BMD¥R MG§}

E)QR 8iL%U  P )S9 )A !=(‡) L‰$% )S9 : )A
)9†I (e# AU )G9 =FQ %)jAH E7;; Wb  IJ% 5 AU
)A )TA 9 E7;;
28 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

49: 5
Eb IJ% Eb  )S9  )A ‡ A E)QR AU )A =EJN!7
L‰$% )S9 )A )9‹ GE9 IJ% E7;; !=.W b IJ% Eb
E)QR iE A% )A )S9 AU Eg);;

49: 4  4

Mg#ÄL ÂY MD¥R GLÆ_ Má*n# KRDx#N KGNzb#N MGÆR Zl›l TRg#M ¨lãÝÝ
SlZón D¥ nz! ZDGû Ztf§l† ¨Bn¬TN mLmÄ!¬TN KsR/# MGÆR Gb#X x†ÝÝ
Xz! XNTgB„ MD¥R ÂY Mg#ÄL GLÆ_ Má*n# NKRDx# XøM tê£ïM zl
mLmÄ!¬T KsR/# Gb„ÝÝ kM ¨D§Ynt$ D¥ µLX twú,! mLmÄ! KsR/# Gb„ÝÝ
! D E E 1! 1%

b W% P 9 ) 7 FˆG: :  p E% 3A 16 _;; P 16

E^X: J% SEB: )LN3 7 S 9: : \) E% A 9 _;; Eb !%
16 − 7 = 9 !% 16 = 9 + 7 !% E_ )£’) E)QR  D )A
E;; Pb 8S6e =W^_  E6 )=a V^¤$ 3 E;;
W%; 18 − 3 = 15 )A !›;; =9 L‰ )V= KALU ))QA b
8S6e ‡ 3 E7;; !b 3 E6 )=a3  D )A !;;
!=.W 18 = 15 + 3 I9: )A p9¥;; Pb EFƒ   16 − 7 = 9
S9 8S6e Ÿ$ EE sA: 16 − 9 = 7 _;; Pb  9HO) ! SN%
9  7  Eg);; !=.W :bO) A ™e j;; !% 16 = 9 + 7;;

¨gÆB gMUM
Mg#ÄL ÂY MD¥R GLÆ_ Má*n# ZtrDx#N ZtgNzb#N Má*ñM zrUGi# Ztf§l†
?è¬T KsR/# MGÆR¿
BMD¥R Zt3¦b# ?è¬T BMg#ÄL½ BMg#ÄL ZtW¦b# ?è¬T D¥ BMD¥R
KgLi# BMGÆR ))) 9;;
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 29

W%;
1. WB) =ED L‰$% )S9 )A !›;;
x. 17 − 6 = 11 !. 15 − 7 = 8 >. 11 − 4 = 7
2. WB) =ED L‰$% )A )S9 !›;;
x. 7 + 6 = 13 !. 7 + 9 = 16 >. 9 + 8 = 17
EFƒ 89) 22 89) 23 89E Eg pi )Q =^!\ !8@ E9
)Q 9;;
mLmÄ! 22
Eb 898 Eb  L‰ )S9 S9 8S6e Ÿ$ E% sc =}L 86)6)$
V6 )=.W AU =L= E7;; !=.W  NEe =Ep!\ p ^8Qc )A
9;;
3. 10 – 6 = 4 4. 18 – 12 = 6
5. 19 – 15 = 4 6. 27 – 26 = 1
898Ä!
898Ä! 23
Eb 898 Eb )S9 =EFQ^ L‰ )A p9› =L= E7;; Eb E
EE.W ^H 9E9 9 =Ep!\ p ))QA 9;; ΠE)^A Eb 898
89E Eg pi AU )A =>? E9 )9) =j !=.W Eg pi FQŸ)
p^A;;

!. 35 – 3 = 32 Slz! 32 + 3 = 35 >. 46 – 2 = 44 Slz! 44 + 2 = 46

8. 69 – 6 = 63 Slz! 63 + 6 = 69 _. 98 – 5 = 93 Slz! 93 + 5 = 98
9E9 9 )S9 )A E:p!› \¦š);; E8e p )A )S9
)N 9;; Wb L= 898 24 ST! E:E8sœ  Me AU
EE=^A Wb k:Gc h9O% EFGH L‰$% 89E Eg pi EE=FQ =^!\
E7;;
898Ä!
898Ä! 24
Eb 89) Eb "#E V% )A "#E V% )S9 p9› =pA E7;;
3. 5 + 12 = 17 SlZón 17 - 5 = 12
4. 6 + 32 = 38 SlZón 38 - 6 = 32
5. 7 + 12 = 19 SlZón 19 - 7 = 12
6. 4 + 62 = 66 SlZón 66 – 4 = 62
30 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

898Ä!
898Ä! 25
&$&= 25 *EY 3$ > 4* D74 YX' 3$ 4V4 4Y
32 E% E Em4 € EE&jkl LM Y 1 &23E
&GG 2b 8)
1.

Lg!Ý 5 ¨g#Dl# 4 ¨g#Dl# Lg!Ý 6 ¨g#Dl# 7 ¨g#Dl#

x. 27 22 23 x. 38 32 31

!. 45 40 41 2. !. 47 41 40

>. 68 63 64 > 59 53 52

8. 87 82 83 8. 77 71 70

_. 99 94 95 _. 98 92 91

x. 13 + 6 = 19 _. 39 −7
7 = 32
!. 28 − 7 = 21 . 48 −6
6 = 42
>. 52 + 5 = 57 ?. 50 + 8 = 58
8. 7 + 20 =27 . 32 + 3 = 35

1.3.4 ”L GD§T
b E† Eb =EJN!7 n9 N% J%U pA I:;;

49: 4  4

1. ¨B kÆb!åM BZr<BãMN ¨B :l¬êE W:lÖåM ZÉwt$lÖMN ¨‚$/# BM_”M
”L GDL KMSRt$ ¨br¬T;#ãMv
2. ¨Bz! ?è¬T BM¦B KsR/# MGÆR _‰? tY÷nS tM¦é Æ:lÖM TRg#M Bzlã
mNgÄ! ”L GDL ¨B MMS‰T Y,#N ¨B MF¬? têúXtE Kón# MGÆRN½
¨gÆB ¨f¬Tˆ ”L GDL N<l¥mÇN Zl›l dgF MGÆR yDl!Ý;
W%;  50 #L !] 6MEA 7 p EEE}ž[# ^=ž E\VJ# p 6
E7?
Wb )M$L;
x. VJ¡ ^=ž p 50 )£/
!. Se 7 =E\VJ# p )£/
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 31

>. =! ‡ ^=ž E\VJ# p  )AP 50 − 7 )£/  D )A

e;;
!b ^=ž E\VJ# p 50 − 7 = 43;;

898Ä!
898Ä! 26
Eb 898 Eb =EJN!7 n9 N% )M$L  )M$L n9 N% !])
i^ u) VM )9 E7;; !=.W p J$%V n9 9 ^AQ‡) )A
EB) n9 N% 89E Eg pi AU]) )A =! ! _V !];;
3. 25 4. 18 5. 5 6. 39

¨gÆB gMUM
1. B”L Ztf§l† ?è¬T M?¬T
2. MS kÆb!åM Zttˆˆz# ”L GD§T KMSRt$ MGÆRN KfT/# D¥ Z<Xl#
Má*ñM MRGU}N
1! 
1. (‡ 1  L& :E 30 ~VZ 1 (ƒ :E #K 8 ~V
(:— |b !9 #%
2. 20 I  E D (Y .DA4 6 I  E D .DA (—4 #K
4G8 I  8XY?

1.4 Q$ (G •– + '  Q$ $ •– + ' 1˜

B #K4Z Q$ (G •– + '  Q$ $
•– + ' $-D B 3$4
nz! Nx#S RXs! Ztmdb /0 10
dr© BO›T
1 &23X Xz! 4U E6 E78  Ý-
Q$ (G •–  Q$ $ •– 1˜ B 8#"™
Q$ (G •–  Q$ $ •– $‚D k#
+$ð
+$ð -. 0 1˜ #KZ $-D 3$

mXtêE
E)QR  U AEˆ 1.3 !¦ # )A 9`L # )S9 EfR)
Eg);; ¨Bz! Nx#S M:‰F Xz!  !¦ !] )A 9`L !] )S9 8Qc
32 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

Eg);; )R) P 20 ^9  S‡) /JNNg)/ P 20 ^9   A$%

89E  8Qc EE=^A Z/¹ X†ÝÝ

49: 4  4

E 4U E6 E Q$ (G 1 + '  Q$ $ 1 + ' 1˜ B
#K4Z Q$ (G 1 + '  Q$ $ 1 + ' $-D B 3$4
K# E4 ]4 &Ž&'j #  YD 10 ]ˆ €KZ zN$ #K Q$
(G 1  Q$ $ 1 + ' #K 1MB

)9nL !] : )S9 )A =E AU )A =EJN!7 ‚N$% )In)

9 E7;;
1.4.1 #K
# K  YD 10 ]ˆ +  #K

1. =Ap> )A 10 /K E68AH 10/ E)QR =c ^c;; Wb )L= 

Eb =E =EFW 6`u  9 )A = U E)QR =c LB)
GE9 E7;;
=Ap> E68AH 10 /K E68AH 10/
0 + 10 = 10
1 + 9 = 10
2 + 8 = 10
3 + 7 = 10
4 + 6 = 10
5 + 5 = 10
6 + 4 = 10
7 + 3 = 10
8 + 2 = 10
9 + 1 = 10
10 + 0 = 10
2. !¦ !] )A ))QA =EJN! L !]) A K E\%$%
)In) 9 E7;; Eb $%  )In) ) 8^pˆ LB) GE9
E7;; !b E)QR ^ST! ))u`9 WB) =ED AU )A V=]);;
89ˆ = LM E)QK  8D;;
W%v 34 + 6 = ________
1 † V6 "#E L =E!a E\H 10 EE./ † V6 L}
=EF! E\H  1 EE./

+
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 33

= +

)Gst  1 "#E L =E!a ) 10 L} =EF! !] † E_

!=.W E7;; !% v

1 "#E L =E!a = 10 L} =EF!

!b 34 + 6 = 40 L} =EF!

3. WH 9E9 9 =KL:g ^b =E  )KL 9 E7;;

38
+ 2
38 = 3 AE$% + 8 V6$%
2 = 0 AE$% + 2 V6$%
3 AE$% + 10 V6$%
3 AE$% + 1 AE
4 AE$% + 0 V6$%
!b
38
+ 2
40
4. †  )In) )c )A WH 9E9 9 =EaE9:g   D
^c;; Œ E)^A † $%  E:Ek(" AU EE! ¨V% E)QR
(e# GAU \8‡) GE9 E7;; !=.W )) !8@ ^c;;
34 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

W%;
W%;- 43 + 7 =

8Ž8A$  V6 )u}9  AE

!  A$% 6)c !  A$% 6)c

AE
AE

V6
V6

1
4 3 3 4 3
+7 +7 + 7
0 1 0 5 0
1

43
+ 7
!b
50
 p))
b A€ Eb !¦ !] )A ))QA =EJN!7 ‚N$% )In) 9 E7;;
EE.W : WO) =ED )M}) 9;;
1. ^ 9 L =EwK_› E\%$% )In) !¦ !] )A AU )G‡)
p)";;
2. † $%  )In) )c )G‡) p)";;
3. E)QR )A P )=T)A =Ep D )£’) L‰ 89 )A
9
W%; WB) =ED 6)c;;
x. 26 + 4 !. 37 + 3 >. 14 + 6 8. 42 + 8

898 27
Eb 898 9E9 9 =_7] iE R) AL 10 =./ E68A% E7;;
!=.W 89E Eg pi AU )A  š) ) 8› 8A_)$ 8Eha9
)Q ))QA 9;;
x. 50 !. 80 >. 70 8. 30
_. 70 . 80 ?. 20 . 40
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 35

Eb ) AU W$% 9ž% )In) LB) IJ% 6 AU )A 9

E7;; Wb ID  898 28 AU ^c;; 9ž% 8€: $ ) E6
E6<c =jŸ  I% J97 =pA E7;;

898 28
1. $  15 25 55 85
F}I  20 30 60 90
2. $  26 56 66 76
F}I  30 60 70 80

898 29
898 29 R) AL 10 =./ =EJN!7 n9 N% AU =L= E7;;
!=.W  898 29 ! n9 N% h9O% ) O) =a@ EFGH n9
N% 89E Eg pi AU )A n9 N%  )M$L !]) u< VM
9 !;; !=.W E)QR 89E Eg pi =AU]  “ E:F U AU
)A LL”) =EK_"# p )%EAK I# 8k`!e )Q
 D )A e;;
2. 60 3. 90 4. 20

1.4.2 #K  YD 10 8‘ˆ +  #K

 A$% E%8c =EJN! ‚N )In) )=9 AI: WA:;; PB) ‚N$%
EbO) m_A  )In)  $%  )N  E‰) ==3Ec Eg);;
R) AL 10 ‘/  A$% )A ^B) ‚N$% EbO) )KL ) =9
AE7 )A e;;  8 VM E)QK  ‡ W% m_A  )In) )c
)=GE# AE7 E:AU !8@ )A e;; EH P9 ‚N   $%
 E7;; Eb )N  WB) =ED )A 9;;
1. E‰)  A$% †  )N )b =E )A 9;;

27
+ 9
27 = 2 AE$% + 7 V6$%
9 = 0 AE$% + 9 V6$%
2 AE$% + 16 V6$%
36 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

2 AE$% + 1 AE + 6 V6$%

3 AE$% + 6 V6$%
36

!b
27
+ 9
36

Wb m_A  )In) =EJN!7 LA$% !]) A K E\%$%

)In) AU )=GE# !›‡) 89$‰)  _›;;
2. Ab =E ST! AU )A 9 E7;; ‹  F_(% Ek("
)c =GE9# 8p )A E7;;
W%;
W%;- 6)c 27
+9
x. P 27 ~# =8 E AL 10 8 E7?
89ˆ 30

!. 27  : 30 )E P 9 6 F E?

89ˆ 3
>. )u}9
27 30
+ 9 + 6
36
8. !b

27
+ 9
36

3. † $%  )In)  AU ^c

N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 37

W%;
W%;- 6)c

73
+ 8

8Ž8A$ 1 !3 6)c )u}9 10 !3 6)c

AE

AE
V6

V6
1 1
7 3 3 7 3
+8 8 + 8
1 1 1 8 1
73
!b + 8
81

4. E‰)  NEe =_A:g) 8_ $% )In)  898 30 !3 L‰$%

AU ^c;;

898 30
x.
39 40 41 42 43 44

39 + 3 = 42

26 + 7 = 33
!.

27 + 4 = 31
27 28 29 30 31 32 33
27 + 4 = 31

>.
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

8.
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92
85 + 7 = 92
38 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

_.
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
16 + 9 = 25

.
42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
42 + 9 = 51
898 31
Eb 898 Eb E68AH  $%  E:Jc ^ @ )c )A E9 =j
E7;; !=.W LL E)QK 39 AL E9 )Q E;;
x. 24 !. 33 >. 35 8. 41
_. 43 . 45 ?. 77 . 82
898 32
b U AEˆ Eb )K‰) AL 10 ‘/ E68AH )A !=.W E)QR Wb
6` 9U )A  )A !]) u< VM 9 )A e;; Eb 
) W$t F 89E Eg Me F  Eg pi )Q KL )A 9;;
+ 3 6 9

14 17 20 23

25 28 31 34

36 39 42 45

47 50 53 56

58 61 64 67

69 72 75 78

898 33
898 33 ) )K‰) AL 10 ‘/ n9 9 =EEVV 898 E7;; Wb
 E)QR l) 9 =E8Qc] p J$%V n9 9 )In) J%U
89E Eg pi EEEFQŸ) =>? E7;;
1. 33 2. 61 3. 92 4. 41
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 39

p p))
b A€ Eb E)QR =EJN!7 p 6)K )In) )c )G‡) )M$O
pˆ E7;; !=.W WB) =ED k8E )A ))) 9;;
1. E)QR ^ 9 9E  E6 AE ‡  E:E^7 n9 )c
)A;;
2. ^ 9 V6   ) ^ 9 9E   !¦  !] )A )G‡)
)A ;;
W%; WB) =ED 6)c;;
x. 32 + 9 !. 28 + 5 >. 47 + 7 8. 68 + 9

1.4.3 $-D 3$

1. 88A  )In) )S9 !)]);; Eb AU )A )A
)S9 9I 9ž$% )£’)  D =L= E7;;
2. EB) =ED W$% P AE : V6 )9nL AU ^c;;

x. 2 AE$% + 3 V6$% = 1 AE + 13 V6$%

!. 5 AE$% + 5 V6$% = 4 AE$% + 15 V6$%
AE

V6

7 2 → 6 12
− 5 − 5
6 7
Eb iE )9nL ^Ax‡) =L= E7;;
3. E)QR † $%  )In) )S9 !8@ U ‡) 
39ª) L‰$% )S9 9U )A N E7;;
W% S# 32 − 5 =
)9nL 1 !  S# 10 !3 S#
AE

AE
AE

3 2
V6
V6

V6

− 5
2 12 2 12 2 12
3 2 5 3 2 3 2
− − 5 − 5
7 2 7
40 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

4. )b = W‰) L‰$% E6< AU )A \V[ P 10

9lU V6 =j9  A$% S# V=]);;

W% 91 − 9 =
P AE 1
9 1 )9nL;; V6
+ 9 ‡ 11 a3
8 2 P11 − 9 = 2 ;;
L )9nL
AE ‡ 8
a3

5. E)QR ^ST! E:./ ™e AL 10 a3 )A S# ^c;;

W%;
W%; S# 36 − 9 =

36 − 9 = 30 + 6 − 9
= 20 + 10 + 6 − 9
= 20 + 16 − 9
= 20 + 7= 27
p p))
1. E)QR 39  ST! E:./ =EJN!7 L‰$% AU )A )))
9 E7;; ) W% WB) =ED L‰$% E8e =./ )Q )))
9;;
x. 37 − 8 !. 54 − 9 >. 72 − 6 8. 81 − 7

898 34
Eb 898 Eb m_A  )In) 8 )S9 )=9 !8@ E9 =j
E7;;
x.

42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

50 − 8 = 42
!.

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

35 − 8 = 27
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 41

>.

67 68 69 70
70 − 3 = 67
8.

72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82

82 − 9 = 73
_.

78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85

85 − 7 = 78
.

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
90 − 7 = 83

898 35

x. 57 !.17 >. 28 8. 76

_. 39 . 38 ?. 67 . 26

898 36

1. x. 48 !. 67 >. 25 8. 56 _. 75 . 87

2.

− 3 6 9
14 11 8 5
25 22 19 16
36 33 30 27
47 44 41 38
58 55 52 49
69 66 63 60
42 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

3.

$  26 57 61 73

F}I  17 48 52 64

3 6
−7 −5 7

x. 45 !. 72

−9 3 −8 6
4

5 8
−5 −7

>. 63 8. 90

−4 5 −3 8

898 37
1. 45 2. 9 3. 47 4. 78
3. (90 − 5) + 8 = 85 + 8 = 93

1.5 Q$ $ •– +  1˜ 8 #K4

8$‚D 3$4
nz! Nx#S RXs! Ztmdb /0 10
dr© BO›T
1 &23X Xz! 4U E6 E78  Ý-
Q$ $ Qi% sE +  1˜ 8 8#"
Q$ $ Qi% sE +  8$-D k#
Q$ $ Qi% sE +  #K/3$ 1˜/ 8$‚D
 M -$ #. 8: M
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 43

+$, -.
¨ln!½ Lª?

mXtêE
¨B ?l#F Nx#S RXs! B²:Æ b›L ˆd ¨¦Z q$}¶ MS b›L KLt ¨¦Z q$}¶ MD¥RN
b›L ˆd ¨¦Z q$}¶ µB b›L KLt ¨¦Z q$}¶ Mg#ÄLN t¥£éM X×MÝÝ ¨Bz!
M:‰F Xz! D¥ b›L KLt ¨¦Z q$}¶ MS b›L KLt ¨¦Z q$}¶ MD¥RN b›L KLt
¨¦Z q$}¶ µB b›L KLt ¨¦Z q$}¶ Mg#ÄLN Km¦„ X×MÝÝ

49: 4  4

nz! Nx#S RXs! Xz! NMM¦R QDM KBL ¨B ?l#F Nx#S RXs! Zt-‚MÂlÖM »§¬T
M_”M Yk¨L X†ÝÝ

1.5.1 Q$ $ •– +  1˜ 8 #K

Q$ $ •– +  1˜ 8 #K 40
1. =EJN!7 LA$% !]) «P% )In) a)b =E )A 9;;

38
+11

38 = 3 AE$% + 8 V6$%
11 = 1 AE + 1 V6
4 AE$% + 9 V6$%
= 49
!b

38
+ 11
49

2. Wb 9E9 9 EkŠ):# !: ‚N =E )KL: E)QR !8@

)p^A: $%  )In) )KL )=93 AE7])
!)]);;
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44 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

8Ž8A$ 1 !3 6)c )u}9 10 !3 6)c

AE
AE

V6
V6

4 3 43
+2 6 +2 6
9 6 9

!b

43
+26
69

3. EB) ‚N$% EbO) !8]) )A : n9 L‰ )Q AU )A

N E7;; Pb EFƒ E)QR E‡) =EJN!7 : )A L‰$% E:\V[
)A !8@ )A !¦ # L‰ !% 8 )=.W  _‡) =L=
E7v Wb ‚N  E:6p" !8@] =pA E7;;

p p))
1. ^ 9 9E Q=  A$% ‘’) !¦ ‡) L‰$% )A =EJN!7
n9 N% )Q ))) 9 E7;;
W%; WB) =ED 6)c;;
x. 24 + 33 !. 31 + 56 >. 55 + 22 8. 73 + 14

898 38
Eb 898 !¦ # )A ^ 9 9E Q=  A$% =AU# p
6)K =!8@# E7;;
1. x. 38 !. 54 >. 79 8. 98
_. 99 . 89 ?. 99 . 87
2. x. 59 !. 47 >. 39 8. 99
_. 69 . 86 ?. 79 . 99
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 45

898 39
898 39 !¦ # )A )In) =M%U n9 N% =V 898 E7;;
89E Eg pi AU )A 9;;
1. 37 2. 88 3. 99 4. 74

1.5.2 8$-D 3$ Q$ $ •– + 

Q$ $ •– +  8$-D 3$ 4 Et EV 1)YY
9- 8P1$ E%
1. † $%  )In) )S9 8Qc )A
W%;
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V6 ! S# AE ! S#

AE$%
AE$%

V$%
V$%

3 9
3 9
−2 5
−2 5
1 7
!b 39 − 25 = 14;; 4

6. )b W% W$% )Q 6XY) AU )A E)QR \V[

n‡) S# =GE9# JEW$% )A Vb E7;;
W% 97 − 23 =
9 7 8Ž8A$ V6
−2 3 ‡ S9
7 4 E;;)u}9 
AE ‡
S9 E;;

!b 97 − 23 = 74;;
p p))
E)QR 39  ST! =EJN!7 L‰$% AU )A ))) 9 E7;;
  † $%  )In) S# LE%]);; b  )9nL )S9
Eg) J9œ % % =^A;; 898 40 Wb EN Eb )In) 9;; WB) =ED
E ) W% )3 9;;
46 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

W%;
1. WB) =ED S#;;
x. 46 − 23 !. 69 − 47 >. 73 − 22 8. 87 − 12

898 40
x. 42 !. 42 >. 3 8. 23 _. 45
. 22 ?. 1 . 16

898 41
Eb 898 Eb  )9nL )S9 ^ 9 9E   A$% !] n9 9
)M$L E7;;
1. 82 2. 41 3. 52 4. 54 5. 85

1.6 Q$ $ •– + '  Q$ $ •– + ' 1˜ B

#K4 3$4
nz! Nx#S RXs! Ztmdb /0 15
dr© BO›T
1 &23X Xz! 4U E6 E78  Ý-
Q$ $ •– 1˜ B 8#"
Q$ $ •– $-D B k#

+$, -.
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mXtêE
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MD¥RN BzLª? Mg#ÄLN t¥£éM X×MÝÝ ¨Bz! M:‰F Xz! D¥ b›L KLt •–
q$}¶ MS b›L KLt çÿ q$}¶ ¨ln! zlã MD¥RN b›L KLt çÿ q$}¶ µB b›L KLt
çÿ q$}¶ ML”? zlã Mg#ÄLN Km¦„ X×MÝÝ

49: 4  4

nz! Nx#S RXs! NMM¦R XWN XNtón kMèM QDM KBL Zr¨Â×M êU ›D¬T q$}¶
BM_”M KsR/# KNMHR N<XL x!ÂÝÝ
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 47

1.6.1 Q$ $ •– + '  Q$ $ •– + ' 1˜ B

#K

Eb ))QA WB) =ED p% )In) 9;;

1. =EJN!7 LA$% !3]) «P% )In) Eb =E p $% 
)In);; EB) =EJN7 «P%  LL ‡  Jeh ) VM
!=ku" E7;;

W% 38
+17

38 = 3 AE$% + 8 V6$%
17 = 1 AE + 7 V6$%
4 AE$% + 15 V6$%
4 AE$% + 1 AE + 5 V6$%
5 AE$% + 5 V6$%
55
!b

38
+ 17
55

2. † $%  )In) )NL P‰)  ‚N$% EH V6 !=.W =EJN!7

898$% )Q AU )A k(‚%U =! ! E7;;
W%;
W%;- 56 + 26 =
V6 ! 6)c AE ! 6)c
AE
AE

V6
V6

1 1
6
5 6 5 6
6
+2 6 +2 6
12
2 8 2
48 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

!b

56
+ 26
82

2. EB) ‚N$% EbO) !8]) : n9 L‰ )Q AU )A N

E7;; Pb EFƒ E)QR E‡) =EJN!7 : )A L‰$% E:\V[
)A !8@ )A !¦ !] L‰ !% 8 )=.W \_‡)
=L= E7;; Wb ‚N  E:6p" !8@] =pA E7;;

p p))
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EE.W ^ 9 9E Q=  A$% =)c‡) L‰$% )Q ))) 9 E7;;
Pb EFƒ =EJN!7 : n9 L‰$% )Q E)QR E9%) : n9 L‰
)At )A ))) 9 E7;;
W%;
WB) =ED 6)c;;
x. 25 + 36 !. 57 + 26 >. 58 + 18 8. 67 + 26
898 42 E p)) )In) 9;;

898 42
Eb 898 Eb !¦ !] )A ^ 9 9E   A$% !8@ =L=
898 E7;;
1. x. 42 !. 65 >. 65 8. 81
_. 81 . 83 ?. 92 . 95

898 43
898 43 ^ 9 9E   A$% E:68c Fc =L= E7;;
x. > !. > >. < 8. =

898 44
Eb 898 Eb n9 N% =V ‘/ LL n9 9   M$L !¦
!] )A ^ 9 9E   A$% =V n9 9 E7;;
1. 91 2. 44 3. 65 4. 66 5. 91
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 49

1.6.2 Q$ $ •– + '  Q$ $ •– + ' $-D

3$
1. 8Ž8 s =EJN!7 ^ 9 9E   A$% )Q  LL 6
AE$% 6 V6$% ) ! J97 )A;;
2. )u}9  8 )=9lU E%9lU ‰) †$% $% 
) O !3I AE7 ^c;;
W%;-
97 = 9 AE$%+ 7 V6$% = 8 AE$% + 17 V6$%
76 = 7 AE$% + 6 V6$% = 6 AE$% + 16 V6$%
3. Wb =E )E_U ^b =E p )9nL )S9 AE7])
AE

V6

7 2 → 6 12
− 1 5 − 1 5
5 7
4. E)QR † $%  )In) )S9 !8@ =L =^# L‰$%
)Q AU ^c;; ST! AU )A LL”) EVp¨  J%/;;
W%;
W%; S# 32 −17=
† $%  )lsA V6 S# 10 S#
A$%
A$%
A$%

V6$%
V6$%
V6$%

3 2
−1 7
2 12 2 12 2 12
3 2 3 2 3 2
− 17 −1 7 −1 7
5 1 5
2
50 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

5. )b W% )S9 E6< AU ) p^A ) E)QR =E )E!8@

\V[ n9 AU ^c;;

W% 91 − 39 =
P AE 1
9 1 9nL E;; V6
−3 9 ‡ 11 a3
5 2 P 11 − 9 = 2 ;;
L )9nL
AE ‡ 8 a3;;
8 − 3 = 5 
AE E LM;;

6. h9E 8_~ AU )A E)QR ST!  EŒ) EH =™9  AL

10 p9› ^c;;

W%;
W%;- S# 36 − 9 =
36 − 9 = 30+ 6 − 9
= 20 + 10 + 6 − 9
= 20 + 16 − 9
= 20 + 7 = 27
p p))
E!% E)QR: ))) =EJN!7 p% )In) 9;; E)QR ^ 9 9E
  A$% )Q )S9 =IE) E:E!lU AE V6 !
 A$% 8 KAg) S# )A ))) 9 E7;; Pb EFƒ
=EJN!7 : n9 L‰$% )Q E)QR E‡) : n9 L‰ )At )A
E3 ))) 9 E7;;
W%;
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6` )9U;;
AE V6
2 3
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 51

898 45
Eb 898 Eb )9nL )S9 ^ 9 9E   A$% =I)% 898 E7;;
!=.W Eb 89E Eg pi )Q E)QR 9ª) AU )A ))QA
9;;
1. x. 2 AE$% 8 V6$% !. 87 >. 4 AE$%
2.
AE V6
>. 7 16
8. 8 18
_. 5 3
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7 18
?. 7 4
6 14

898 46
Eb 898 Eb 6` )In) P 10 )9nL !] )S9 !8@ )L=
=E!F 898 E7;; !=.W 6` )In) )9nL pN9} ™e 8 KAg)
S# V¨]);; Wb =L= W%  8 VM E)QK E†fD ‡;;
3. x. 7 !.19 >. 9 8. 19
_. 9 . 48 . 48 ?. 18
898 47
Eb 898 Eb E 9E9 9 =_7] iE )9nL )S9 )IhA P9E
8_~ J9œ )L= =E!F E7;; ‹  P 10 )9nL !]
)%$ )S9 AU )A E7;; Eb E)QR AU )A  8 VM
E)QK E†fŸ) ! W$% )In) 9;; W‰) W$% 8_% )A 
P x   Ÿ) ! L‰$% )S9 9 AU ^c;;  8FE$ Eb
=E p KAV A¬‡);;
x. 32 − 14 = (30 + 2) − (10 + 4) !. 72 − 48 = (70 + 2) − (40 + 8)
= (20 +12) – (10 + 4) = (60 + 12) − (40 + 8)
= (20 − 10) + (12 − 4) = (60 − 40) + (12 − 8)
= 10 + 8 = 20 + 4
= 18 = 24
>. 91 − 24 = (90 + 1) − (20 + 4) 8. 63 − 47 = (60 + 3) − (40 + 7)
= (80 +11) − (20 + 4) = (50+13) − (40 + 7)
= (80 − 20) + (11 − 4) = (50−40) + (13 − 7)
= 60 + 7 = 10 + 6
= 67 = 16
52 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

_. 73 − 35 = (70 + 3) − (30 + 5) . 62 − 29 = (60 + 2) − (20 + 9)

= (60 + 13) −(30 + 5) = (50 + 12) − (20 + 9)
= (60 − 30) +(13 − 5) = (50 − 20) + (12 − 9)
= 30 + 8 = 30 + 3
= 38 = 33

1.6.3 3$ #K o

E)QR  )A )S9  =9 )E!8@  )A )S9 ‡
A EkŠ): )S9 =_a:g) 3 I$% )A )A !8@ )A
e;; Wb  8_% EB) E†fŸ) !3 W$% E)QR E9‰) W‰) L‰$%
AL]) )A !)]);;

p p))
E!% E)QR ))) =EJN!7 p% )In) 9 E7;; W% 898$%
48  49 )In) 9;; ) EFƒ W%  EB) =ED )In) 9;;
W%;
WB) =ED L‰$% )S9 )A _›;;
x. 45 − 17 = 28 !. 58 − 29 = 29 >. 63 − 47 = 16

898 48
Eb 898 Eb )S9 )A )A !8@ =L= E7;; !=.W
8Ž8A$  8 VM E)QK E†fŸ) ! W$% E:8sI )  Me
AU‡);; )u}9  W‰) E†fŸ) ! )SN% VlW‰) )A _›
9ª) AU ^c;; b 8S6e S9 EA8c ™e jD )=E
Vc‡);;
28 28 46 12
3. + 19 4. + 39 5. + 46 6. + 22
47 67 92 34

898 49
b 898 Eb 8S6eU  EJ!k L‰ )S9 8S6e 8 )=_GD
J97  8S6e S9 ‡ A  D =L= 898 E7;; !=.W S9
P ™e S# )A 8S6e (e# )AP )=9  D V¨]);;
1. 19 2. 19 3. 47 4. 6 5. 33 6. 38
7. 24
1.6.4 -$ #.
E)QR l) 9 =E)QA])  8FE$  )M$L n9 N% 3E9])
)A EH V6 E6N WpA E7;; =EJN!7 n9 N% )Q 39  ST!
E:./ AU )A pˆ E7;; !=.W ) 8^pˆ  898 50 ! n9
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 53

N% AU J$%V n9 9 AU )A N E7;; ) W% 

898 50 ‡ L‰  1 EEFˆ:
=EFQ^v  V6 8 9H =EA> = 75 F:A
 }e 8 9H =EA> = 26 F:A
=!v  8™O) ‡ JNN
pv 26 P 75 )S9
!b 75 − 26 = 49;;
Pb  P9 8 9H =EAU P  8 9H  49 =W‹ Eg);;
Pb Wb =E )9 9;;
n9 9 )M$L 8Ž8A$ WH L‰ =E P )AE )u}9 =EFQD
=! )MN  8FE$ WH L‰ ž "#E V )N )M$L Eg);;
898 50
b 898 Eb E)QR )S9 EkŠY) =J%U]) n9 N% Ÿ) !;;
^b ‡) )S9  E!$ 8WR: =j9] _V  D 8S9 =M%U
n9 N% )M$L !8@ V¨]);; Eb )%A  E)QR E:E8sœ
AU]) )A =EF/ E)QR : “ E:F U AU )A  8Af
QD]);;
1. 75 − 26 = 49 2. 73 − 35 = 38

3. 82 − 69 = 13 4. 41 − 34 = 7

1.7 q 100 m sE +  #K4 3$4

M -$ #.
nz! Nx#S RXs! Ztmdb /0 4
dr© BO›T
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8LM4 8T4
Q$ $ •– ]ˆ L +  8#"
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+$, -.
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54 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

mXtêE
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ZiN/# »§¬T BM_”M KúB 100 zl q$}R¬T BM_”M Ztf§l† ”L GD§T
MF¬? Zm¦Rl#N ZfT?l#N X†ÝÝ
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!t -$ #. : M„ š. K&[ :.% -$ #. 
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1. =EJN!7 : )A n9 N% AU ^c;; E‰) n9 N%  !9%

E)QR (e# =AE]) EE./ )_ ;;
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E)QR (e# =AE]) EE./ )_ ;;
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=W AU ^c;;
4. Eb :b )EKM 8FE$ !=.W !E E68AH !3]) L‰$% )Q
)A !8@ ^c;; Wb ID  =EFW n9 9 J%U )A
(}N %)jAH ! =pA E7;;
5. b 6_­ Eb E‰) E)QR iE #$  p: ! E)Qc  )S9
EjŸ) L‰$% : #$ =F@ ./ In( )3 pˆ E7;; W%v
68 − 83 = _________
)bO) = W‰) L‰$% EE®Y)]) bU †N EE.W 89ˆ
) # AU )A e;;

p p))
l99 =^# n9 N% 89E Eg M9 Eg pi AU )A

: )S9 L‰$% )Q S# )A S69])  )A _›

=V%% L‰ )Q

!E E68AH !3]) L‰$% )Q )c )A

=EJN!7 : )S9 L‰$% )Q 89ˆ !]) 89ˆ ‡) )MN

)G‡) =V%% L‰ )Q ))) 9 E7;;
N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN 55

W%;

1. WB) =ED 6)c;;

x. 23 + 12 + 41
!. 17 + 24 + 32
2. PB) =ED 89ˆ A^‡) M!7;;
x. 53 − 41
!. 23 − 41
3.  V6 Me 16 ¯ ‡;; 13 ¯ E)QR EEE$ž¨ W} =./ ¯$%
6 Eg)?

898 51
Eb 898 Eb  100  ! "#E  A$% )A )S9 =AU n9
N% =V E7;; !=.W E)QR WB) n9 N% ST! E:./ E:E8sœ AU
)A 9;;

1. 45 − 20 = 25 2. 37 − 19 = 18 3. 74 − 46 = 28

4. 28 + 42 = 70 5. 62 − 24 = 38 6. 36 − 14 = 22

898 52
Eb 898 Eb  8™ E‰)  A$% ‡ JNN )}A LL MH Ÿ$
LB ^O  )MN =I)% 898 E7;; )b = W‰) 898$% E)QR
iE )S9 !]8 i^ =V%% !=.W 8Ž8A$ ST! ‘’) AU
EE=^A )u}9  8Af E:Q ) EA¬‡) EE=^A =^!\ a3;;

x. 24 29 34 39 44 49 54

!. 32 39 46 53 60 67 74

>. 82 79 76 73 70 67 64

8. 55 49 43 37 31 25 19 13

898 53
 Lb  9E E68AH Eg) E)QR AU WR);; 898 53 !E
E68AH !] )A !8@ E9 =j iE )A !]) i^ ML
E7;;

>. 102 8. 102 _. 84 . 92 ?. 85 . 80

56 N˜WÙ 1- KúB 100 ¨B zl q$}R¬T MD¥RN Mg#ÄLN

898 54
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=W EE./ )S9 ) 9  D )L= =E!F 898 E7;; !b
b 6_­ Eb )b = W‰) L‰$% EE®Y)]) )S9 ) 9 J97
Vp= ^c‡);;

x. 89ˆ # ! 21 >. 89ˆ # 8. 12

_. 89ˆ # . 36 ?. 89ˆ # . 35

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4 E%,  Z
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Kirkby, David, Games in the Teaching of Mathematics, Cambridge, United
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