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Material - Lesson 2

This document provides an overview of nouns and pronouns, detailing their definitions, positions, functions, and common suffixes. It emphasizes the importance of noun-pronoun agreement in terms of number, gender, and case, particularly for TOEIC test preparation. Additionally, it includes practice exercises to reinforce understanding of the material.

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49 views6 pages

Material - Lesson 2

This document provides an overview of nouns and pronouns, detailing their definitions, positions, functions, and common suffixes. It emphasizes the importance of noun-pronoun agreement in terms of number, gender, and case, particularly for TOEIC test preparation. Additionally, it includes practice exercises to reinforce understanding of the material.

Uploaded by

Huỳnh Tính
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
UNIT 2: NOUNS AND PRONOUNS Nouns are the names of people, animals, plants, or abstract concepts. For example, drops of water from clouds — rain, a place where people gather to study — library, images that you experience during your sleep — dream ~ rain, library, and dream are nouns. in the TOEIC test, there are usually questions about the positions of nouns. Therefore, itis important to study their positions and some common ways to form therm. ‘| Positions and Functions of Nouns 4) Asa subject The subject comes before the verb and most often at the beginning of a sentence. => of job performance usually takes place at the end of the week. (A) Reviewed (8) Reviewer (© Review 2) After an adjective ‘A noun often comes after an adjective and is modified by the adjective eg. long hair, exciting sports. [SED The company received numerous ___ about the quality of products. (A) complaining (8) complains (© complaints 3) After a transitive verb ‘A noun functions as the object after 2 transitive verb e.g. verb buy + noun shoes = buy shoes. [EEE The company accepted __ for those defective products. (A responsibility (8) responsible (© response A) After an article There are two types of articles: indefinite articles (a, an) and definite article (the). The indefinite article a/an is used before a singular countable noun and means one. The definite article the is used to make a general thing specific. For example, when you want to eat one apple, it can be an apple (any apple should do). When you want to eat that juicy apple but not any other one, that will be the apple. [EEE The store on the first floor of the hotel sells a___of souvenirs. (A) various ® variety Overy Page 145 5) After a possessive case A possessive case indicates the meaning of belonging to or of. Possessive adjectives Include my, your, his, her, our, their, and its. (Attention: it’s is the reduced form of it is). The possessive case of a noun may take the form of noun’s, e.g. Lori's. Possessive adjectives cannot stand alone and must be followed by a noun, e.. his house. [EEEID Employees in the payroll department gave their____to the charity last week. (A) donate (8) donations (©) donator 6) After a preposition Prepositions come before a noun or pronoun and express various notions such as time, place, condition, means, and direction e.g. in the room, at 9 o'clock, about him. A noun that comes after a preposition remains unchanged in form, but 2 Pronoun after a preposition must be in the objective case (me, you, her, him, us, them, and it) [EID We tried to handle the fragie items with __when they were delivered. (A) cautious (8) caution (© cautiously 2. common Noun Suffixes sion evaluation application -ment ‘employment payment. vance performance maintenance rence convenience evidence ness awareness freshness ~y accuracy ‘emergency “ty security productivity set objective alternative alt arrival approval * Although -ive and -al are often used as adjective suffixes, they can also be used as noun suffixes in some Page 146 Practice 1: 1 This manual provides __on how to operate your new properly. instruct (8) instructor (©) instructions (©) instructional Workers are required to wear ___ clothes while they are on the construction site. () protection (B) protect (© protected (0) protective It looks like that there is no considerable _ between these two photocopiers. different (8) differentiate (© differing (0) difference Visitors should present a form of when they wish to enter the building. (A) identify (6) identifying (©) identification (0) identity I'm sorry to remind you that we haven't received any written __ from the registration office. (A) confirm (8) confirming (© confirmation (0) confirmed 10 The latest research __ about the pollution levels will be published immediately. A) resulting (8) results (C) resulted (0) result in ____ designed our new computer system to suit the needs of our company. (A) Research () Researching (©) Researched (0) Researchers Because of bad weather __, all fights to the Philippines were canceled yesterday afternoon. (A) qualification (8) approval (© conditions (0) analysis A(n) __ of experienced sales representatives can harm overall sales earnings. (A) emphasis (8) variety (©) security (0) lack Those who will sign any contract are advised to review the terms of the (A) production (8) agreement. (0) consideration (D) newsletter Page 147 In general, a pronoun is used to replace 2 noun that was already mentioned. Therefore, it must agree with the noun it replaces in terms of number (singular — plural), grammatical gender (masculine - feminine), and case (subjective case ~ possessive case objective case), 4] Basic Uses and Cases of Pronouns 1) Agreement between nouns and pronouns Singular nouns are replaced by singuar pronouns, and plural nouns by plural pronouns. + The corporation announced yesterday that it decided to reduce costs,

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