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11gR2 Grid Infrastructure Single Client Access Name (SCAN) Explained [ID 887522.1] Modified 25-OCT-2011 Type BULLETIN Status PUBLISHED

In this Document Purpose Scope and Application 11gR2 Grid Infrastructure Single Client Access Name (SCAN) Explained SCAN Concepts Common Questions Regarding SCAN How can we configure the SCAN and SCAN listener? Do we still need to configure local listeners on each node? How does SCAN work ? Instead of DNS or GNS, Can we use '/etc/hosts' to resolve SCAN? Can we use the previous method (Using VIP) for client connection? Is it mandatory to use SCAN? Is it supported to remove SCAN? Demo References

Applies to:
Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 11.2.0.1 to 11.2.0.1 - Release: 11.2 to 11.2 Information in this document applies to any platform.

Purpose
11gR2 Grid Infrastructure (CRS) introduced Single Client Access Name (SCAN) to simplify client access to database services, this article is going to explain whats SCAN and how it works.

Scope and Application

Intended audience will be DBAs who is installing/upgrading to 11gR2 Grid Infrastructure or support analyst who is supporting stated product.

11gR2 Grid Infrastructure Single Client Access Name (SCAN) Explained SCAN Concepts
Single client access name (SCAN) is the virtual hostname to provide for all clients connecting to the cluster (as opposed to the vip hostnames in 10g and 11gR1). SCAN is a domain name registered to at least one and up to three IP addresses, either in the domain name service (DNS) or the Grid Naming Service (GNS). By default, the name used as the SCAN is also the name of the cluster and must be globally unique throughout your enterprise. The default value for the SCAN is based on the local node name. SCAN name must be at least one character long and no more than 15 characters in length, must be alphanumeric - cannot begin with a numeral and may contain hyphens (-). If you require a SCAN that is longer than 15 characters, then select an Advanced installation. For installation to succeed, the SCAN must resolve to at least one address. SCAN VIP addresses must be on the same subnet as virtual IP addresses and public IP addresses. Oracle strongly recommends that you do not configure SCAN VIP addresses in the hosts file. But if you use the hosts file to resolve SCAN name, you can have only one SCAN IP address. If hosts file is used to resolve SCAN hostname, you will receive Cluster Verification Utility failure at end of installation (see Note: 887471.1 for more details) For high availability and scalability, Oracle recommends that you configure the SCAN to use DNS Round Robin resolution to three addresses. Because the SCAN is associated with the cluster as a whole, rather than to a particular node, the SCAN makes it possible to add or remove nodes from the cluster without needing to reconfigure clients. It also adds location independence for the databases, so that client configuration does not have to depend on which nodes are running a particular database. Clients can continue to access the cluster in the same way as with previous releases, but Oracle recommends that clients accessing the cluster use the SCAN. Clients using the SCAN can also access the cluster using EZCONNECT. Grid Infrastructure will start local listener LISTENER on all nodes to listen on local VIP, and SCAN listener LISTENER_SCAN1 (up to three cluster wide) to listen on SCAN VIP(s); 11gR2 database by default will set local_listener to local LISTENER, and remote_listener to SCAN listener. SCAN listener will be running off GRID_HOME, and by default, in 11gR2 local listener will be running off GRID_HOME as well.

Common Questions Regarding SCAN

The following is a list of commonly asked questions regarding SCAN:

How can we configure the SCAN and SCAN listener?

During Typical installation, you are prompted to confirm the default Single Client Access Name (SCAN), which is used to connect to databases within the cluster irrespective of which nodes they are running on. If you change the SCAN from the default, then the name that you use must be globally unique throughout your enterprise. Also we can use 'srvctl' to add/modify the scan resource and the listeners. Please refer to "Real Application Clusters Admin and Deployment Guide" or Note 1053147.1 for more information.

Do we still need to configure local listeners on each node?

Yes, you would need to configure independent local listeners for each node. SCAN listeners are not replacements for the node listeners. A new set of cluster processes called scan listeners will run on three nodes in a cluster (or all nodes if there are less than 3). If you have more than three nodes, regardless of the number of nodes you have, there will be at most three scan listeners. The database registers with the SCAN listener through the remote listener parameter in the init.ora/spfile. If any of these clustered processes fail, they are automatically restarted on a new node.

How does SCAN work ?

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The following is the explanation given in Appendex D "Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster Installation Concepts" of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide: "When a client submits a request, the SCAN listener listening on a SCAN IP address and the SCAN port is contracted on a client's behalf. Because all services on the cluster are registered with the SCAN listener, the SCAN listener replies with the address of the local listener on the least-loaded node (Each scan listener keeps updated cluster load statistics) where the service is currently being offered. Finally, the client establishes connection to the service through the listener on the node where service is offered.All of these actions take place transparently to the client without any explicit configuration required in the client."
$ SRVCTL STATUS SCAN_LISTENER SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN1 is SCAN listener LISTENER_SCAN1 is SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN2 is SCAN listener LISTENER_SCAN2 is SCAN Listener LISTENER_SCAN3 is SCAN listener LISTENER_SCAN3 is

enabled running on node TEST1 enabled running on node TEST2 enabled running on node TEST3

Instead of DNS or GNS, Can we use '/etc/hosts' to resolve SCAN?

Oracle strongly recommends that you do not configure SCAN VIP addresses in the hosts file. But if you use the hosts file to resolve SCAN name, you can have only one SCAN IP address. If hosts file is used to resolve SCAN hostname, you will receive Cluster Verification Utility failure at end of installation (See NOTE 887471.1 for more details)

Can we use the previous method (Using VIP) for client connection?
Clients can continue to access the cluster in the same way as with previous releases. Vips are still used internally, and can still be used for connections. But Oracle strongly recommends that clients accessing the cluster use the SCAN. Clients using the SCAN can also access the cluster using EZCONNECT.

Is it mandatory to use SCAN?

It's highly recommended to use SCAN unless there's strong business reason preventing it from being used.

Is it supported to remove SCAN?

SCAN is an elementary part of 11gR2 Grid Infrastructure, it's not supported to remove SCAN.

Demo
SCAN DEMO Sample TNS entry for SCAN
TEST.ORACLE.COM = (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=SCAN-TEST.ORACLE.COM)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=11GR2TEST.ORACLE.COM)) )

Sample TNS Entry without SCAN

TEST.ORACLE.COM = (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=TEST1-vip.ORACLE.COM)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=TEST2-vip.ORACLE.COM)(PORT=1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=11GR2TEST.ORACLE.COM)) )

References

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NOTE:1053147.1 - 11gR2 Clusterware and Grid Home - What You Need to Know NOTE:887471.1 - PRVF-4664 PRVF-4657: Found inconsistent name resolution entries for SCAN name NOTE:972500.1 - How to Modify SCAN Setting or SCAN Listener Port after Installation NOTE:975457.1 - How to Troubleshoot Connectivity Issue with 11gR2 SCAN Name Real Application Clusters Admin and Deployment Guide Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/clustering/overview/scan-129069.pdf

Attachments Scan.jpg (29.9 KB)

Related Products Oracle Database Products > Oracle Database > Oracle Database > Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition Keywords CRS; DATABASE SERVICE; DNS; GRID; INSTALLATION; LOCAL_LISTENER; REMOTE_LISTENER; VIP

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