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Expt 3

The experiment aims to verify Lambert-Beer's law using a K2Cr2O7 solution and determine the concentration of an unknown solution. It involves preparing various concentrations of K2Cr2O7, measuring absorbance at different wavelengths to find λmax, and plotting graphs to analyze the results. The conclusion confirms that the relationship between absorbance and concentration is linear, validating Lambert-Beer's law.

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383 views4 pages

Expt 3

The experiment aims to verify Lambert-Beer's law using a K2Cr2O7 solution and determine the concentration of an unknown solution. It involves preparing various concentrations of K2Cr2O7, measuring absorbance at different wavelengths to find λmax, and plotting graphs to analyze the results. The conclusion confirms that the relationship between absorbance and concentration is linear, validating Lambert-Beer's law.

Uploaded by

aviskam123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Experiment No.

3
Verify Lambert-Beer’s law and determine the concentration of K2Cr2O7 in a solution of unknown
concentration

Aim: To verify Lambert-Beer's law using K2Cr2O7 solution.


Chemicals: Standard solution of K2Cr2O7 (5mg/cm3)
Apparatus: Colorimeter, and accessories, 50 cm3 standard flasks, burette, pipette etc.
Theory: When light is incident (I0) on a homogeneous medium, a part of the incident light is
Reflected (Ir), a part is absorbed by the medium (Ia) and the remainder is transmitted (It).

I0 = Ia+ Ir + It
The absorbance (A) or optical density (O.D.) is expressed as

According to Lambert-Beer's law for dilute solutions,

𝐴 = 𝜀l𝑐

Where ε is molar extinction coefficient, l is the path length in cm and c is the concentration of
solution in mol/dm3

Procedure part A: Preparation of K2Cr2O7solutions of different concentrations

1) Rinse and fill the burette with standard K2Cr2O7 solution and prepare the solutions according
to the following table in 50 cm3 standard flasks.
Part B: Determination of λmax

1. Switch on the instrument and place the first filter in the compartment and note it wavelength.

2. Fill one of the cuvette with solution in flask number 1 and use it as blank. Fill another cuvette with sample

solution in flask number 5 (maximum concentration of Cu2+)

3. Put the cuvette with blank in its place and adjust zero absorbance.

4. Replace the blank with sample solution and measure its absorbance.

5. Repeat the procedure for each of the supplied filters and measure the absorbance in each case. Record the

readings in observation table 1.

6. Plot a graph of absorbance against wavelength (λ). The wavelength corresponding to


maximum in the curve is λmax.

7. Use the filter corresponding to λmax in Part C.

Observation table 1
Part C: Measurement of absorbance of various dilutions of K2Cr2O7:

1. Place the filter corresponding to λmax in its position.


2. Use the solution in flask 1 (with no K2Cr2O7) as blank.
3. Measure the absorbance of each of the K2Cr2O7 solutions in flask no. 2, 3, 4 5 and unknown
(containing unknown concentration of K2Cr2O7) provided to you.
4. Record the readings in observation table 2.

Observation Table 2

S.No 0.1M K2Cr2O7 Distilled H2O (mL) Concentration(M) Absorbance

Graphs:
a) Plot a graph of absorbance against wavelength for determination of λmax (explained in part B)

b) Plot a graph of absorbance against concentration of copper in mg. From the calibration curve,

Corresponding to the absorbance of the unknown, determine the unknown concentration of copper.
Results:

1. Concentration of Chromium =
2. Conclusion:
It is observed that the plot of absorbance against concentration is a straight line passing through
origin, therefore Lambert-Beer's law is verified.

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