1.
Determine if the given functions are exponential functions and explain:
(a) 𝑦 = (−8)7𝑥
NO ______
why? ____________________________________________________
YES ______
(b) 𝑦 = −2−2𝑥
NO ______
why? ____________________________________________________
YES ______
(c) 𝑦 = (1)2𝑥
NO ______
why? ____________________________________________________
YES ______
(d) 𝑦 = −4(0.28)−𝑥/2
NO ______
why? ____________________________________________________
YES ______
2. Determine if the given functions are logarithmic functions and explain (assume 𝑥 > 0):
(a) 𝑦 = 12 log1 (3𝑥)
NO ______
why? ____________________________________________________
YES ______
(b) 𝑦 = 4.8 ln(2𝑥)
NO ______
why? ______________________________________________________
YES ______
(c) 𝑦 = log −4 (𝑥)
NO ______
why? ____________________________________________________
YES ______
(d) 𝑦 = 2 ln(−25)
NO ______
why? ______________________________________________________
YES ______
[4] 3. Evaluate the following functions for the given values of 𝑥 (round the answer to 4 significant
digits where applicable):
(a) 𝑦 = 3𝑥−1 for 𝑥 = 0.5 , 𝑦 = ___________
(b) 𝑦 = −2 ln(0.2𝑥) for 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = ___________
(c) 𝑦 = log 0.5 𝑥 for 𝑥 = 1 , 𝑦 = ___________
1
(d) 𝑦 = log 3 𝑥 for 𝑥 = 81 , 𝑦 = ___________
(e) 𝑦 = 3𝑒𝑥+1 for 𝑥 = −1 , 𝑦 = ___________
𝑥
(f) 𝑦 = − log(10) for 𝑥 = 1000, 𝑦 = ___________
1
(g) 𝑦 = log 0.5 𝑥 for 𝑥 = 32, 𝑦 = ___________
1
(h) 𝑦 = − log 4 𝑥 for 𝑥 = 4 , 𝑦 = ___________
4. Rewrite the exponential equation in logarithmic form. (Solve for x)
(a) 4.53𝑥 = 𝑦
(b) 1.2−𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑒
(c) 6−𝑥 = 𝑦
(d) 𝑒 3−2𝑥 = 𝑦
5. Rewrite the logarithmic equation in exponential form. (Solve for y)
(a) 21𝑥 = ln 4𝑦
(b) log 1 𝑦 = −1.5𝑥
3
(c) 2𝑥 + 7 = ln 𝑦
(d) log 1 𝑦 = −1.5𝑥
3
6. Solve the following equations for the unknown variable:
(a) 5(32𝑥+3 ) = 7
(b) 3.2 = 3 log 2 (𝑥 − 1)
(c) −(2−2𝑥 ) = 7
(d) 12 = 3 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 − 1)
2𝑥−1 4
7. (a) Write the expanded form of the logarithmic expression: log (3𝑦+2)
(b) Write the logarithmic expression as a single logarithm with a coefficient 1: (condensed
form)
−5 ln 𝑥 + 2 ln 𝑦 − ln 𝑧
8. The growth of a bacterial culture in a laboratory follows exponential growth and can be
described by the equation:
𝑁(𝑡) = 𝑁0 𝑒 𝑟𝑡
where 𝑵(𝒕) is the population at time 𝑡 (in hours), 𝑵𝟎 is the initial population, 𝒓 is the growth
rate, 𝒕 is time, and 𝒆 is the natural logarithm base.
The population of bacteria triples every 2 hours. Initially, the bacterial count is 30 CFU
(colony-forming units) per mL.
(a) Determine the growth rate 𝒓, rounded to four decimal places.
(b) Calculate the bacterial count after 8 hours. (round to four decimal places)
(c) After how many hours will the bacterial count exceed 300,000 CFU/mL?
9. Researcher recorded that a certain bacteria population grow from 250 to 1200 in 3 hours. At
this rate of growth, how many bacteria will there be 2 days from the start of the experiment.
10. Mark put $30,000 in investment and he hopes the investment will be worth $120,000 in 20
years.
(a) if the interest is compounded monthly, what interest rate will Mark need?
(b) if the interest is compounded semi annually, what interest rate will Mark need?
(c) if the interest is compounded annually, what interest rate will Mark need?
(d) if the interest is compounded continuously, what interest rate will Mark need?
9. Solve for x.
a) 𝑒 ln 32 = 15 × 2𝑥
2 4
b) log 2 2𝑥 2 + log 2 𝑥 + log 2 𝑥 + log 2 𝑥 2 = 𝑥
Useful Formulas:
• Exponential function: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 , where 𝑎 > 1 and 𝑎 ≠ 1
• Logarithmic Function: 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥, where 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1 and 𝑥 > 0
• 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 is equivalent to 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑦 [ 𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 ⟺ 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑦 ]
• ln 𝑥 = log 𝑒 𝑥
• Properties of the logarithm:
If 𝑀 > 0, 𝑁 > 0, 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1 and 𝑝 is any real number then,
▪ log 𝑎 1 = 0, log 𝑎 𝑎 = 1, 𝑎log𝑎 𝑥 = 1, log 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑥
▪ Product: log 𝑎 (𝑀 × 𝑁) = log 𝑎 𝑀 + log a 𝑁
𝑀
▪ Quotient: log 𝑎 𝑁 = log 𝑎 𝑀 − log 𝑎 𝑁
▪ Power: log 𝑎 𝑀𝑝 = 𝑝 log 𝑎 𝑀
log 𝑀 ln 𝑀
▪ Change of Base: log 𝑎 𝑀 = =
log 𝑁 ln 𝑁
• If 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑦 then 𝑥 = 𝑦 for 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑎 ≠ 1
• If log 𝑎 𝑀 = log 𝑎 𝑁 then 𝑀 = 𝑁 for 𝑀 > 0, 𝑁 > 0, 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑎 ≠ 1
