MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS

MSM 111 - Mathematical Methods I

Tutorial Sheet 5 - 2022/2023 - Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

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1. Solve each of the following equations:

1 −2t

x
(ii) 21 = 16
1


(i) 32 = 27 (iii) 274x = 9x+1 (iv) 8 = 2t+3
2. Find the domain of each of the following
(i) f (x) = 3x (ii) g(x) = log(2 + 5x) (iii) h(x) = ln x + ln(2 − x)
3. Sketch the graph of each of the following functions:

x
(i) f (x) = 3x (ii) f (x) = 21 (iii) f (x) = 2x−1 (iv) f (x) = 2−|x|
(v) f (x) = 1 + ln(−x) (vi) f (x) = − log x (vii) f (x) = 2 + 3x
4. Suppose that in a certain bacteria culture, the equation Q(t) = 1000e0.4t expresses the numbers of bacteria present
as a function of time t, where t is expressed in hours. how many bacteria are present at the end of
(i) 2 hours? (ii) 3 hours (iii) 5 hours
5. Supposed that a certain substance has a half-life of 20 years. If there are presently 2500 -milligrams of substance,
then the equation Q(t) = 2500(2)−t/20 yields the amount remaining after t- years. How much remains after
(i) 40-years? (ii) 50-years? (iii) 81- years?
6. The number of soldiers at AB Barracks who contracted influenza after t days during flu-epidemic is approximately
given by the exponential function

500
Q(t) =
1 + 1249e−kt

If 40 soldiers contracted the flu by day 7, find how many soldiers contracted the flu by day 15.
7. The temperature, θo c of a hot drink t minutes (t ≥ 0) after it has been made is given by

θ = 20 + 40e−0.05t
(i) Find in o c, the temperature of a drink at the instant at which it is made.
(ii) Calculate in o c, the to 3 significant figure the temperature of the drink 10 minutes after being made.
(ii) Calculate to the nearest whole number, the value of t when the temperature of the drink is 40o c.
8. Write each of the following in logarithmic form:

−2
(i) 10x+1 = y (ii) 32 = 27
8 (ii) ex = y (iv) 10−4 = 0.0001
9. Write each of the following in exponential form :
1 1 1



(i) log2 64 = 6 (ii) log2 16 = −4 (iii) log3 27 = −3 (iv) log27 3 = 3
 3
x
10. Express the following as a simple logarithm. For example, 3 logb y2 = logb x9 − logb y 6

(i) 2 logb x+4 logb x−3 logb z (ii) 2 logx y+ 12 logx (y−1)−4 logx (2x+5) (iii) 1
2loga x−3 loga x+4 loga y
√
(iv) logb x+logb (y + 3)+logb (y+2)−logb (y 2 + 5y + 6) (v) ln(x2 −y 2 )−ln(x−y) (vi) ln(xz)−ln(x y)+2 ln yz

1
11. Solve each of the following equations:
(i) 22x + 3(2x ) − 4 = 0 (ii) 32x+1 − 26(3x ) = 9 (iii) 4x = 6(2x ) + 16 (iv) e4x + 4e2x − 21 = 0
(v) 4x − 2x+1 = 48 (vi) 22x+1 + 1 = 2x+1 + 2x (vii) 62x+1 − 17(6x ) + 12 = 0
12. Solve each of the following equations:
3 1
(i) log5 x = 2 (ii) log4 m = 2 (iii) logy 3 = 2 (iv) log2 (3x − 4) = 4
(v) ln x = −3 (vi) log2 (x2 + 8) = log2 x + log2 6 (vii) log 7 + log(2x − 3) = log (4x + 5)
8 4 2
(viii) log x = (log x) (ix) log3 (2 − 3x) = log9 (6x − 19x + 2)
13. Solve each of the following equations:
(i) log10 5 + log10 x = 1 (ii) log10 x + log10 (x − 3) = 1 (iii) log10 (x − 4) + log10 (x − 1) = 1
14. Solve each of the following equations:
50
(i) 3x = 5 (ii) 2x−1 = 7 (iii) 52x+1 = 32x−1 (iv) 1.3x = 5 (v) 0.8x−1 = 0.22 (vi) 1+e −x = 4

15. Prove that

log3 7 logy y k
1
(i) log2 7 = log3 2 (ii)] logy y x = xk (iii) log e = ln 10
√ √
√

(iv) log4 3 = log2 3 (iv) ln x − x2 − 1 = ln x + x2 − 1
16. Solve the simultaneous equations:
(i) 2 log y = log 2 + log x; 2x = 4 (ii) log (x + y) = 0; 2 log x = log10 (y + 1)
y y
(iii) 2 log2 y = log4 3 + log2 x, 3 = 9 , (x > 0, y > 0)
17 (i) If xy = 64 and logx y + logy x = 52 , find the values of x and y.
(ii) Prove that if ax = by = (ab)xy , then x + y = 1.
18 Find the equation of the function that is graphed in the form f (x) = logb x