Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur

Department of Mathematics
Mathematics-II (MAL-102)
Assignment 8 on Differential Equation (Second Order)

1. Solve the following linear differential equations with constant coefficients:

(i) (D2 − 2D + 1) y = x2 e3x , (ii) (D4 − 1) y = ex cos x,

(iii) (D2 − 2D + 1) y = x ex sin x, (iv) (D2 + 2D + 1) y = x cos x.

2. Solve the following differential equations using variation of parameters:

2
(i) y ′′ + 4y = 4 tan 2x, (ii) y ′′ − y = x
, (iii) y ′′ + n2 y = sec nx.
1+e
3. Solve the following Cauchy-Euler differential equations:

( )
(i) x2 D2 − xD + 2 y = x log x,
( )
( 3 3 2 2
) 1
(ii) x D + 2x D + 2 y = 10 x + ,
x
( )
(iii) x2 D2 + xD + 1 y = log x sin log x.
d2 y dy
(iv) (x + 1)2 2
+ (x + 1) + y = 4 cos (log(x + 1))
dx dx
4. (i) Check whether ϕ1 (x) = x2 and ϕ2 (x) = x|x| are linearly dependent or independent on
−∞ < x < ∞.
(ii) Show that solutions ϕ1 (x) = e2x , ϕ2 (x) = xe2x , and ϕ3 (x) = x2 e2x are linearly indepen-
dent solutions of y ′′′ − 6y ′′ + 12y ′ − 8y = 0 on an interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.
(iii) Check whether the solutions ϕ1 (x) = sin x and ϕ2 (x) = cos x and ϕ3 (x) = sin x − cos x
of y ′′ + y = 0 are linearly dependent or independent.

5. Solve the following simultaneous differential equations:

dx dy
(i) + 5x + y = et , − x + 3y = e2t ,
dt dt
dx dy dx dy
(ii) + − 2y = 2 cos t − 7 sin t, + + 2x = 4 cos t − 3 sin t,
dt dt dt dt
dx dy
(iii) + 4x + 3y = t, + 2x + 5y = et .
dt dt