Interview Skills and Techniques – Concept and Process

An interview is an essential step in the hiring process, where both the employer and the
candidate exchange information to determine if there is a good fit for the role. Effective
interview skills are crucial to ensuring a successful interview process. Interview skills involve a
combination of preparation, effective communication, and the ability to manage both verbal and
non-verbal cues to present oneself in the best possible light. The process of preparing for and
performing well in an interview can be broken down into several stages, including pre-interview
planning, during the interview, and post-interview actions.

Concept and Process of Interviewing

The concept of interview skills refers to the actions and strategies that help an individual
navigate the interview process smoothly. Mastering these skills is vital for any candidate seeking
a job. The interview process, although different depending on the type of role and company,
usually follows a similar sequence of stages:

1. Pre-Interview Preparation

Pre-interview preparation is critical for ensuring that candidates present themselves confidently
and competently. This phase begins well before the interview itself.

 Research the Organization: It is crucial to learn about the company’s mission, values,
culture, industry, and competitors. This helps the candidate tailor their responses to align
with the company's needs.
 Understand the Job Role: Candidates must be familiar with the job description and the
required qualifications. They should know the key responsibilities, and required skills,
and how their experience aligns with the job.
 Prepare for Common Questions: Certain interview questions are commonly asked, such
as “Tell me about yourself,” “What are your strengths and weaknesses?” or “Where do
you see yourself in five years?” Preparing for these questions allows the candidate to
respond thoughtfully and confidently.
 Prepare Specific Examples: Using the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result),
candidates should prepare specific examples to answer behavioral questions. This
framework helps structure answers that are clear and compelling.
 Mock Interviews: Mock interviews, either with a career coach or peer, provide an
opportunity to practice answering questions in a simulated environment. These interviews
can help improve delivery and reduce anxiety.
 Questions for the Interviewer: Preparing questions for the interviewer shows interest in
the company and the role. Questions should be insightful, such as asking about team
dynamics, growth opportunities, or company culture.
 Professional Attire: Selecting appropriate attire is key. Even for virtual interviews, a
professional appearance can leave a positive impression.

2. During the Interview

The actual interview is the opportunity to demonstrate both qualifications and interpersonal
skills. It is not just about answering questions but also showcasing communication, confidence,
and problem-solving abilities.

 First Impressions Matter: A strong first impression sets the tone for the interview. A firm
handshake, maintaining eye contact, and a confident, friendly demeanor are essential.
 Active Listening: Candidates should practice active listening. This means focusing fully
on the interviewer’s questions, understanding the underlying message, and responding
appropriately. Interrupting the interviewer can be seen as disrespectful.
 Answering Clearly and Concisely: It is essential to keep responses relevant to the
question asked. Avoid rambling and stay on topic. If unsure about a question, it’s
acceptable to ask for clarification.
 Body Language: Non-verbal communication, such as posture, facial expressions, and
gestures, plays a significant role. It is essential to appear attentive and engaged, but also
avoid fidgeting or crossing arms, which may convey disinterest.
 Demonstrate Soft Skills: Communication, teamwork, adaptability, and problem-solving
are vital soft skills that should be conveyed in answers. Providing examples from past
experiences can demonstrate how these skills are applied in real scenarios.

3. Post-Interview

Post-interview actions can leave a lasting impact on the hiring manager’s decision. It’s essential
to reflect on the interview performance and follow up appropriately.

 Send a Thank-You Note: After the interview, sending a personalized thank-you note
(either by email or hand-written) is courteous and professional. It shows appreciation for
the interviewer’s time and reiterates interest in the position.
 Reflect on the Interview: Candidates should reflect on how they performed, what went
well, and where they could improve. This feedback is essential for growth in future
interviews.

Peer Interview / Mock Interview

What is a Peer Interview or Mock Interview?

A mock interview is a simulated interview where a candidate practices responding to typical

interview questions in a controlled setting. Peer interviews involve practicing with a peer or
mentor, often providing immediate, constructive feedback. Mock interviews are an effective way
to hone interview skills, gain confidence, and improve performance.

Benefits of Mock Interviews

 1. Real-Time Feedback: Mock interviews provide valuable, constructive feedback on the
candidate’s performance. This includes insights into their answers, body language, tone,
and overall presentation.
2. Practice Under Pressure: Practicing with a peer or mentor mimics the real interview
scenario and allows candidates to become more comfortable with the pressure of
answering questions in a timely manner.
3. Identifying Weaknesses: Mock interviews help uncover areas where candidates may be
underprepared, such as gaps in knowledge or ineffective communication.
4. Boosting Confidence: The more a candidate practices, the more confident they become in
their ability to handle interviews, which translates to better performance in real situations.

Effective Mock Interview Preparation

To make the most of a mock interview, candidates should prepare as if it’s a real interview. They
should:

 Research the company and role.

 Dress appropriately to simulate a real-world scenario.
 Prepare answers for common interview questions.
 Focus on answering questions concisely and clearly.
 Ask for feedback on specific aspects such as body language, tone of voice, or clarity of
answers.

Pre-interview Planning and Performance

Pre-interview planning is essential to performing well during the interview. In addition to the
basic preparations mentioned above, candidates can follow these steps:

1. Know Your Resume: Candidates should be able to talk fluently about each section of their
resume, explaining past experiences, accomplishments, and skills. This will help them sound
more confident and less likely to be caught off guard by questions.

2. Anticipate the Interview Format: Understanding whether the interview will be a traditional
one-on-one, a panel interview, or a technical assessment is essential for preparing the right
mindset and approach.

3. Review the Job Description: Ensure you fully understand the key responsibilities and required
qualifications for the role. This allows the candidate to tailor their responses to the needs of the
job.

4. Prepare Mentally: Relax and try to calm any nerves before the interview. Rehearse your
answers, but also be prepared for unexpected questions. Maintaining a positive attitude and being
adaptable will help you navigate any surprises.
Opening Strategies

The beginning of the interview is crucial as it sets the tone for the rest of the conversation. A
good introduction helps establish rapport and begins the process of connecting with the
interviewer.

1. Introduce Yourself Confidently: A strong self-introduction includes both your professional

background and a brief personal overview. Focus on what makes you the best fit for the role.

2. Smile and Make Eye Contact: A smile and good eye contact convey friendliness and
confidence. These simple non-verbal cues can make the interviewer feel comfortable and
engaged.

3. Prepare for the "Tell Me About Yourself" Question: This common question allows you to
introduce your background, skills, and why you are a great fit for the job. Keep it professional
and focused on your qualifications, but don’t hesitate to briefly mention your personal interests.

Answering Strategies

Your answers to interview questions are your chance to demonstrate your skills, qualifications,
and experience. Here are some strategies for answering questions effectively:

1. Use the STAR Method: This technique helps you structure your answers in a way that
provides clear and complete information.

 Situation: Describe the context in which you were involved.

 Task: Explain your role or responsibility.
 Action: Detail the steps you took to address the situation.
 Result: Share the outcome of your actions, ideally quantifying the results if possible.

2. Keep Answers Concise: Avoid long-winded answers. Answer questions directly and focus on
the most relevant information.

3. Be Honest: If you don’t know the answer to a question, it’s okay to admit it. It’s more
important to show that you are open to learning and can adapt quickly.

4. Stay Positive: When discussing past challenges or failures, always focus on what you learned
and how you grew from the experience.

Interviewing via Telephone and Video-Conferencing

With the rise of remote work and digital communication, telephone and video interviews have
become more common. Candidates need to adapt their interview skills to the unique challenges
of these formats.

Telephone Interviews

1. Ensure a Quiet Environment: Find a place with minimal distractions where you can speak
clearly.
2. Control Your Voice: Without the visual cues of a face-to-face interview, it’s important to
ensure that your voice conveys confidence and enthusiasm.
3. Preparation: Keep important documents, such as your resume and job description, in front
of you for easy reference.
4. Stay Engaged: Use your tone to show engagement, since the interviewer cannot see your
body language.

Video Interviews

1. Test Technology: Ensure that your internet connection, camera, and microphone are
working smoothly before the interview.
2. Choose an Appropriate Background: Your background should be clean and professional.
Avoid distractions like a cluttered room or distracting patterns.
3. Camera Placement: Place your camera at eye level to maintain good virtual eye contact.
4. Dress Professionally: Even though you may be at home, dressing professionally
demonstrates seriousness and respect.
5. Minimize Distractions: Ensure that your phone is on silent, and avoid external noise and
interruptions during the interview.

Mastering interview skills involves preparation, practice, and the ability to adjust to various
interview formats, such as telephone and video. Candidates who invest time in mock interviews,
preparation strategies, and refining their answers to key questions are better positioned to
succeed. A successful interview hinges on a combination of professionalism, confidence, and
clear communication. By following effective opening strategies, using the STAR method for
answering questions, and adapting to new technologies, candidates can excel in any interview
situation.