Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Engineering Ethics
Introduction
Why study engineering ethics?
Sensitize you to important ethical issues BEFORE you have to confront them Ethical issues can be very complex and involve conflicting ethical principles Goal is to train you to analyze complex problems and learn to resolve these problems in the most ethical manner
Engineering Ethics
Engineering Ethics
The Space Shuttle Challenger Engineering Ethical Issue The Challenger was launched in extremely cold weather An O-ring failed because of the cold Engineers recommended that the launch be delayed Management overruled the engineers Ethical issue or accident?
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NASA billed the shuttle as reliable and inexpensive NASA was under pressure by competitor, European Space Agency Previous mission had been delayed numerous times by both weather and mechanical failures
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With the available data, there seemed to be no correlation between temperature and corrosion Manager to Engineer:
Take off your engineering hat and put on your management hat.
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Should a product be released when it hasnt been tested over all expected operational conditions? When the data is inconclusive, which way should the decision go?
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Duty Ethics
Duties should be performed regardless of whether these acts lead to the most good
Rights Ethics
Emphasizes that we all have moral rights and any action that violates these rights is ethically unacceptable The ultimate overall good of the actions is not taken into account
Virtue Ethics
Regards actions as right that manifest good character traits Regards actions as bad that display bad character traits Focuses on the type of person we should strive to be
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Utilitarianism
Emphasis on well-being of society as a whole, not of the individual Ignores needs of individuals Cost-Benefit analysis often used
Projects with the highest ratio of benefits to costs will be implemented
Implementation depends greatly on knowing what will lead to the most good.
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Duty Ethics
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
Formulated duty ethics Moral duties are fundamental
Once duties are recognized, the ethically correct moral actions are obvious People have duties, one of which is to protect the rights of others
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Rights Ethics
Formulated by John Locke (1632-1704) Actions are good that respect the rights of the individual Humans have the right to life, liberty, and property People have fundamental rights that other people have a duty to respect
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Virtue Ethics
Interested in determining what kind of people we should be Defined as moral distinction and goodness Actions are considered right if they support good character traits Actions are considered wrong if they support bad character traits Closely tied to personal character
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Moral issues
Factual issues can often be resolved through research to establish the truth Conceptual issues are resolved by agreeing on the meaning of terms and concepts Moral issues are resolved by agreement as to which moral principles are pertinent and how they should be applied
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PP
ex7
ex2,3
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PP
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ex2
ex3
ex1,4
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Familiar because used in computer program development Developed as a series of consequences that flow from decisions Gives a visual picture of a situation and allows you to readily see consequences
Case Study: Disaster at Bhopal, India
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Are safety laws in India as strict as U.S.? No Are local laws adequate for safe operation?
Yes
Yes
No Decide on minimal standards that will ensure safety Build plant anyway and assume risk
Yes
Build plant
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Use judgment for the best choice possible with the information available at the time
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Consequences
Illegal, subject to laws Anti-competitive and corrupts our free-market economic system
Gifts are usually of nominal value and are just a form of advertising
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END
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