2012 elections in India

The tenure of the assemblies of

Uttar Pradesh
Information Available: - 403/403

Party SP BSP

Leads 0 0

Won 224 80

Uttarakhand
Information Available: - 70/70

Party BJP INC

Leads 0 0

Won 31 32

Punjab
Information Available: - 117/117 Party SAD+ Leads 0 Won 68

Manipur
Information Available: - 60/60 Party INC Leads 0 Won 42

Goa
Information Available: - 40/40 Party BJP Leads 0 Won 21

Parkash Singh Badal sworn in as Punjab CM Vijay Bahuguna sworn in Uttarakhand CM

Okram Ibobi Singh CM of Manipur 14/03/12

Manohar Parrikar CM of Goa 09/03/12

Q - If some partners come for loan which documents will you see.. Ans - I said financial statement and partnership deed...

Deputy governor of rbi

Dr.K.C.Chakrabarty Dr. Subir Gokarn Shri Anand Sinha Shri H R Khan 15.06.2009 onwards 24.11.2009 onwards 19.1.2011 onwards 4.07.2011 onwards

CRAR Capital To Risk Assets Ratio = CAR

Indian Economy
Indian Economy is Twelfth largest in the world and fourth largest by purchasing power parity. In the 21st century, India is an emerging economic power having vast human and natural resources. Economic Growth: Economic growth has been defined as "an increase in real terms of the output of goods and services that is sustained over a long period of time, measured in terms of value added". Economic growth is a dynamic concept and refers to continuous increase in output. Factors in Economic Growth: The four factors contributing to growth are 1. human resources (labour supply, education, discipline, motivation) 2. national resources (land, minerals, fuels, environmental quality) 3. capital formation (machines, factories, roads) 4. technology (science, engineering, management, entrepreneurship)

Growth and Development - While the term economic growth referees to

increases over time in a country's real output of goods and services i.e. product per capita, the term economic development, in contrast, is more comprehensive. It implies progressive changes in the socio-economic structure. Economic growth and development frequently used interchangeably in economic literatures actually are not identical technically.

Difference Between Economic Growth and Economic Development

Economic Growth 1. It indicates quantitative improvement in the economic progress of a country Economic Development 1. It indicates qualitative improvement in the economic progress of a country 2. It shows not only a sustained increase in national and per capita income but also

2. It shows growth in natural income and per capita income over time 3. A country may grow but it may not develop

qualitative changes which leads to higher standard of living. 3. Economic development includes the notion of economic growth.

Economic Growth = Size of output (A Quantitative Economic Development = Size of output + Welfare (A Qualitative aspect)

aspect)

India is the 90th happiest country in the world, behind Bhutan(13), China(31), Sri Lanka(13) and Bangladesh(41). It is ahead of Pakistan(112) and Russia(172).

Walmart alone outsources $1 billion in IT contracts to India India grows 12 million tons of mangoes in a year, the weight equivalent to 80,000 blue whalesIndia is one of only three countries that makes supercomputers (the US and Japan are the other two). A bigger movie market than America and Canada combined, India sold 3.2 billion tickets last year.
India is one of six countries that launches satellites. The Bombay stock exchange lists more than 6,600 companies. Only the NYSE has more. Eight Indian companies are listed on the NYSE; three on the NASDAQ. By volume of pills produced, the Indian pharmaceutical industry is the worlds second largestafter China. India has the second largest community of software developers, after the U.S. India has the second largest network of paved highways, after the U.S 8 India is the worlds largest producer of milk, and among the top five producers of sugar, cotton, tea, coffee, spices, rubber, silk, and fish.

National Securities Depository Limited

National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL), is the first central securities [3] depository inIndia based in Mumbai. It is promoted by institutions of national stature responsible for theeconomic development of India and has established a national infrastructure of international standards that handles most of the securities held and settled in dematerialised form in the Indian capital market

History - Although India had a vibrant capital market which is more than a century old,
the paper-based settlement of trades caused substantial problems such as bad delivery and delayed transfer of title. The enactment of Depositories Act in August 1996 paved the way for establishment ofNational Securities Depository Limited (NSDL), the first depository

in India. It went on to established infrastructure based on international standards that handles most of the securities held and settled in de-materialised form in the Indian capital markets. NSDL has stated it aims are to ensuring the safety and soundness of Indian marketplaces by developing settlement solutions that increase efficiency, minimise risk and reduce costs. NSDL plays a quiet but central role in developing products and services that will continue to nurture the growing needs of the financial services industry. In the depository system, securities are held in depository accounts, which are similar to holding funds in bank accounts. Transfer of ownership of securities is done through simple account transfers. This method does away with all the risks and hassles normally associated with paperwork. Consequently, the cost of transacting in a depository environment is considerably lower as compared to transacting in certificates. In August 2009, number of Demat accounts held with NSDL crossed one crore

What Is Factoring in Finance?

F is a way for companies to both manage receivables and working capital. The transaction also allows for less variability in cash flows, which is always a good idea when trying to manage earnings. By selling accounts receivables to a 3rd party (the factor), a company can free up cash for purchases of inventory while de-levering the balance sheet. After all, a receivable is only a promise to repay funds

Significance

At its core, factoring is a way for companies to pull cash from their balance sheet. Receivables are looked at as legal short-term debt obligations. Selling them not only provides cash, but it reduces current liabilities, making the balance sheet look more attractive to lenders. It is also used as a way to finance working capital, such as inventory, and to balance out the variability in seasonal cash flows.

Forfeiting
Method of export trade financing, especially when dealing in capital goods (which have long payment periods) or with high risk countries. In forfeiting, a bank advances cash to an exporter against invoices or promissory notes guaranteed by the importer's bank. The amount advanced is always 'without recourse' to the exporter, and is less than the invoice or note amount as it is discounted by the bank. The discount rates depends on the terms of the invoice/note and the level of the associated risk.

Investopedia explains 'Forfaiting'

By purchasing these receivables - which are usually guaranteed by the importer's bank - the forfaiter frees the exporter from credit and from the risk of not receiving payment from the importer who purchased the goods on credit. While giving the

exporter a cash payment, forfaiting allows the importer to buy goods for which it cannot immediately pay in full. The receivables, becoming a form of debt instrument that can be sold on the secondary market, are represented by bills of exchange or promissory notes, which are unconditional and easily transferred debt instruments.

Definition of 'Forfeited Share'

A share in a company that the owner loses (forfeits) by failing to meet the purchase requirements. Requirements may include paying any allotment or call money owed, or avoiding selling or transferring shares during a restricted period. When a share is forfeited, the shareholder no longer owes any remaining balance, surrenders any potential capital gain on the shares and the shares become the property of the issuing company. The issuing company can re-issue forfeited shares at par, a premium or a discount as determined by the board of directors.

Investopedia explains 'Forfeited Share'

In certain cases, companies allow executives and employees to receive a portion of their cash compensation to purchase shares in the company at a discount. This is commonly referred to as an employee stock purchase plan. Typically, there will be restrictions on the purchase (i.e. stock cannot be sold or transferred within a set period of time after the initial purchase). If an employee remains with the company and meets the qualifications, he or she becomes fully vested in those shares on the stated date. If the employee leaves the company and/or violates the terms of the initial purchase he or she will most likely forfeit those shares.

Investopedia explains 'Accounts Receivable - AR'

If a company has receivables, this means it has made a sale but has yet to collect the money from the purchaser. Most companies operate by allowing some portion of their sales to be on credit. These type of sales are usually made to frequent or special customers who are invoiced periodically, and allows them to avoid the hassle of physically making payments as each transaction occurs. In other words, this is when a customer gives a company an IOU for goods or services already received or rendered. Accounts receivable are not limited to businesses - individuals have them as well. People get receivables from their employers in the form of a monthly or bi-weekly paycheck. They are legally owed this money for services (work) already provided. When a company owes debts to its suppliers or other parties, these are known as accounts payable.

Definition of 'Accounts Receivable - AR'

Money owed by customers (individuals or corporations) to another entity in exchange for goods or services that have been delivered or used, but not yet paid for. Receivables usually come in the form of operating lines of credit and are usually due within a relatively short time period, ranging from a few days to a year. On a public company's balance sheet, accounts receivable is often recorded as an asset because this represents a legal obligation for the customer to remit cash for its short-term debts

Net profit - Often referred to as the bottom line, net profit is calculated by

subtracting a company's total expenses from total revenue, thus showing what the company has earned (or lost) in a given period of time (usually one year). also called net income or net earnings.

Leverage

Leverageis a business term that refers to borrowing. If a business is

"leveraged," it means that the business has borrowed money to finance the purchase of assets. The other way to purchase assets is through use of owner funds, or equity. One way to determine leverage is to calculate the Debt-to-Equity ratio, showing how much of the assets of the business are financed by debt and how much by equity(ownership). Leverage is not necessarily a bad thing. Leverage is useful to fund company growth and development through the purchase of assets. But if the company has too much borrowing, it may not be able to pay back all of its debts

Foreign banks operating in India

ABN AMRO Bank N.V. (Now merged with RBS) Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank American Express Bank Bank International Indonesia Bank of America NA Bank of Ceylon Bank of Nova Scotia (Scotia Bank) Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Barclays Bank PLC BNP Paribas Ceylon Bank China trust Commercial Bank

Citibank N.A. DBS Bank Deutsche Bank AG FirstRand Bank HSBC JPMorgan Chase Bank Krung Thai Bank Mashers Bank psc Mizuho Corporate Bank Royal Bank of Scotland Sheehan Bank Society General Somalia Bank Standard Chartered Bank State Bank of Mauritius

what is Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an inter-governmental body whose purpose is the development and promotion of policies, both at national and international levels, to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. The Task Force is therefore a "policy-making body" which works to generate the necessary political will to bring about national legislative and regulatory reforms in these areas. The FATF monitors members' progress in implementing necessary measures, reviews money laundering and terrorist financing techniques and counter-measures, and promotes the adoption and implementation of appropriate measures globally. In performing these activities, the FATF collaborates with other international bodies involved in combating money laundering and the financing of terrorism. The FATF does not have a tightly defined constitution or an unlimited life span. The Task Force reviews its mission every five years. The FATF has been in existence since 1989. In 2004, Ministry representatives from the 35 FATF members agreed to extend the mandate of the Task Force until 2012. This 8-year mandate demonstrates that members of the FATF remain united in their commitment to combat terrorism and international crime, and is a sign of their confidence in the FATf as an important instrument in that fight.

US banking system summary

Federal Reserve system
The central banking system of the United States, called the Federal Reserve system, was created in 1913 by the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, largely in response to a series of financial panics, [3][4][5] particularly a severe panic in 1907. Over time, the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve [4][6] System have expanded and its structure has evolved. Events such as the Great Depression were [7] major factors leading to changes in the system. Its duties today, according to official Federal Reserve documentation, are to conduct the nation's monetary policy, supervise and regulate banking institutions,

maintain the stability of the financial system and provide financial services to depository institutions, the [8] U.S. government, and foreign official institutions. The Federal Reserve System's structure is composed of the presidentially appointed Board of Governors (or Federal Reserve Board), theFederal Open Market Committee (FOMC), twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks located in major cities throughout the nation, numerous privately owned U.S. member [9][10][11] banks and various advisory councils. The FOMC is the committee responsible for setting monetary policy and consists of all seven members of the Board of Governors and the twelve regional bank presidents, though only five bank presidents vote at any given time. The responsibilities of the central bank are divided into several separate and independent parts, some private and some public. The result is a structure that is considered unique among central banks. It is also unusual in that an entity outside of [12] the central bank, namely the United States Department of the Treasury, creates the currency used. According to the Board of Governors, the Federal Reserve is independent within government in that "its decisions do not have to be ratified by the President or anyone else in the executive or legislative branch of government." However, its authority is derived from the U.S. Congressand is subject to congressional oversight. Additionally, the members of the Board of Governors, including its chairman and vicechairman, are chosen by the President and confirmed by Congress. The government also exercises some control over the Federal Reserve by appointing and setting the salaries of the system's highest[13][14][15][16] level employees. Thus the Federal Reserve has both private and public aspects. The U.S. Government receives all of the system's annual profits, after a statutory dividend of 6% on member banks' capital investment is paid, and an account surplus is maintained. In 2010, the Federal Reserve made a profit of $82 billion and transferred $79 billion to the U.S. Treasury

What is ULIP?
Meaning: ULIP or unit linked insurance policy is life insurance plan which combines both insurance cover and investment. Simply put, ULIP provides financial protection along with investment opportunities. The premium in ULIP after the deductions is invested in equity or debt market. In ULIP the investment risk is generally borne by the investor. How does ULIP work? ULIP is combination of risk cover and investment. Generally in a term plan, if you pay premium the specified cover is provided and that is all. However ULIP works differently. A small deduction is made on the premium made by you on account of insurer charges. The major amount is invested into the fund chosen by you and converted into units. The mortality cover and fund management charges and similar expenses are deducted by cancellation of units. The fund is dependent upon equity and debt market for growth.

Benefits:
Death Benefit- In case of death of insured, the Sum Assured and fund value is released to the beneficiary. Maturity Benefit- On maturity of ULIP plan, the fund value along with bonuses if any, is provided to the policyholder.

Tax Benefit- ULIP also offers tax benefits under Section 80C and 10(10D) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The premium paid is deductible from taxable income for maximum amount of Rs 100,000. Conclusion: If you are considering long term investment, ULIP is excellent means to securely invest your savings. ULIP provides insurance cover, investment and tax benefits. ULIP is transparent by nature as you can daily track the net asset value of your fund. ULIP is also flexible as you can manage your systematically manage the invested amount in any type of fund. ULIP does not require your constant attention as your premium is managed by industry professionals.